Preclinical Vaccine Study of Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein Derived-Synthetic Polypeptides Formulated in Montanide ISA 720 and Montanide ISA 51 Adjuvants

Myriam Arévalo-Herrera Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Omaira Vera Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Angélica Castellanos Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Nora Céspedes Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Liliana Soto Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Giampietro Corradin Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Sócrates Herrera Instituto de Inmunología del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia; Fundación Centro de Primates, Cali, Colombia; Biochemistry Department, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland

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Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein is a leading malaria vaccine candidate previously assessed in animals and humans. Here, combinations of three synthetic polypeptides corresponding to amino (N), central repeat (R), and carboxyl (C) regions of the CS protein formulated in Montanide ISA 720 or Montanide ISA 51 adjuvants were assessed for immunogenicity in rodents and primates. BALB/c mice and Aotus monkeys were divided into test and control groups and were immunized three times with doses of 50 and 100 μg of vaccine or placebo. Antigen-specific antimalarial antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescent antibody test, and IFN-γ responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELIspot). Both vaccine formulations were highly immunogenic in both species. Mice developed better antibody responses against C and R polypeptides, whereas the N polypeptide was more immunogenic in monkeys. Anti-peptide antibodies remained detectable for several months and recognized native proteins on sporozoites. Differences between Montanide ISA 720 and Montanide ISA 51 formulations were not significant.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Sócrates Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 37 - 2Bis No. 5E - 08, Cali, Colombia. E-mail: sherrera@inmuno.org

Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases through Tropical Medicine Research Centers NIAID/TMRC grant no. 49486, the Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y Tecnología ‘Francisco José de Caldas' COLCIENCIAS grant no. 487-2003, and the Ministry for Social Protection/Colciencias no. 255-2004

Authors' addresses: Myriam Arévalo-Herrera, Omaira Vera, Angélica Castellanos, Nora Céspedes, Liliana Soto, and Sócrates Herrera, Instituto de Inmunología, Edificio de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle and Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia, E-mails: marevalo@inmuno.org, ovlizcano@gmail.com, ncespedes@inmuno.org, lsoto@inmuno.org, and sherrera@inmuno.org. Giampietro Corradin, Biochemistry Institute, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, E-mail: giampietro.corradin@unil.ch.

Reprint requests: Sócrates Herrera, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Carrera 37 - 2Bis No. 5E - 08, Cali, Colombia, E-mail: sherrera@inmuno.org.

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