ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hotez PJ, Bethony J, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Buss P, 2005. Hookworm: “the great infection of mankind.” PLoS Med 2: e67.
-
2.
Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ, 2006. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 367: 1521–1532.
-
3.
Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA, 2006. Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Adv Parasitol 62: 221–261.
-
4.
Olsen A, van Lieshout L, Marti H, Polderman T, Polman K, Steinmann P, Stothard R, Thybo S, Verweij JJ, Magnussen P, 2009. Strongyloidiasis–the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 967–972.
-
5.
de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L, 2003. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 19: 547–551.
-
6.
Brooker S, Bethony J, Hotez PJ, 2004. Human hookworm infection in the 21st century. Adv Parasitol 58: 197–288.
-
7.
Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao S, 2004. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351: 799–807.
-
8.
Marcos LA, Terashima A, DuPont HL, Gotuzzo E, 2008. Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome: an emerging global infectious disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 314–318.
-
9.
Verweij JJ, Brienen EA, Ziem J, Yelifari L, Polderman AM, Van Lieshout L, 2007. Simultaneous detection and quantification of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples using multiplex real-time PCR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 685–690.
-
10.
Verweij JJ, Pit DS, van Lieshout L, Baeta SM, Dery GD, Gasser RB, Polderman AM, 2001. Determining the prevalence of Oesophagostomum bifurcum and Necator americanus infections using specific PCR amplification of DNA from fecal samples. Trop Med Int Health 9: 726–731.
-
11.
Verweij JJ, Oostvogel F, Brienen EA, Nang-Beifubah A, Ziem J, Polderman AM, 2003. Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1153–1156.
-
12.
Verweij JJ, Blangé RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM, 2004. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1220–1223.
-
13.
Espy MJ, Uhl JR, Sloan LM, Buckwalter SP, Jones MF, Vetter EA, Yao JD, Wengenack NL, Rosenblatt JE, Cockerill FR III, Smith TF, 2006. Real-time PCR in clinical microbiology: applications for routine laboratory testing. Clin Microbiol Rev 1: 165–256.
-
14.
Amar CF, East CL, Gray J, Iturriza-Gomara M, Maclure EA, McLauchlin J, 2007. Detection by PCR of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 fecal samples: re-examination of the English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993–1996). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 311–323.
-
15.
Verweij JJ, Canales M, Polman K, Ziem J, Brienen EA, Polderman AM, van Lieshout L, 2009. Molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in fecal samples using real-time PCR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 342–346.
-
16.
World Health Organization, 2004. Training Manual on Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites. Available at: http://www.who.int/wormcontrol/documents/benchaids/en/trainingmanual_sip98-2.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2010.
-
17.
Little SE, Johnson EM, Lewis D, Jaklitsch RP, Payton ME, Blagburn BL, Bowman DD, Moroff S, Tams T, Rich L, Aucoin D, 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pet dogs in the United States. Vet Parasitol 166: 144–152.
-
18.
Wiria AE, Prasetyani MA, Hamid F, Wammes LJ, Lell B, Ariawan I, Uh HW, Wibowo H, Djuardi Y, Wahyuni S, Sutanto I, May L, Luty AJ, Verweij JJ, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M, Supali T, 2010. Does treatment of intestinal helminth infections influence malaria? Background and methodology of a longitudinal study of clinical, parasitological and immunological parameters in Nangapanda, Flores, Indonesia (ImmunoSPIN Study). BMC Infect Dis 10: 1–12.
-
19.
Niester HG, 2002. Clinical virology in real time. J Clin Virol 25 (Suppl 3): S3–S12.
-
20.
Norhayati M, Fatmah MS, Yusof S, 2003. Intestinal parasitic infections in man: a review. Med J Malaysia 58: 296–305.
-
21.
Ndamukong KJ, Ayuk MA, Dinga JS, Akenji TN, Ndiforchu VA, Titanji VP, 2000. The pattern of soil-transmitted nematode infections in primary school children of the Kumba Health District, south-west Cameroon. Afr J Health Sci 7: 103–106.
-
22.
Pearson RD, 2002. An update on the geohelminths: Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 4: 59–64.
-
23.
Al-Mekhlafi MS, Azlin M, Nor Aini U, Shaikh A, Sa'iah A, Fatmah MS, Ismail MG, Firdaus MS, Aisah MY, Rozlida AR, Norhayati M, 2006. Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiases among Orang Asli children living in peripheral Selangor, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37: 40–47.
-
24.
Supali T, Verweij JJ, Wiria AE, Djuardi Y, Hamid F, Kaisar MM, Wammes LJ, van Lieshout L, Luty AJ, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M, 2010. Polyparasitism and its impact on the immune system. Int J Parasitol 40: 1171–1176.
-
25.
Hotez PJ, Bethony J, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Diemert D, Loukas A, 2006. New technologies for the control of human hookworm infection. Trends Parasitol 22: 327–331.
-
26.
Steinmann P, Zhou XN, Du ZW, Jiang JY, Wang LB, Wang XZ, Li LH, Marti H, Utzinger J, 2007. Occurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis in Yunnan Province, China, and comparison of diagnostic methods. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: 1–6.
-
27.
Olsen A, Namwanje H, Nejsum P, Roepstorff A, Thamsborg SM, 2009. Albendazole and mebendazole have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura in school-age children in Kabale District, Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 443–446.
-
28.
Adenusi AA, 1997. The distribution of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale among school children in Lagos, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 270.
-
29.
Engels D, Nahimana S, Gryseels B, 1996. Comparison of the direct fecal smear and two thick smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 523–525.
-
30.
Albonico M, Stoltzfus RJ, Savioli L, Tielsch JM, Chwaya HM, Ercole E, Cancrini G, 1998. Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children. Int J Epidemiol 27: 530–537.
-
31.
Santos FL, Cerqueira EJ, Soares NM, 2005. Comparison of the thick smear and Kato-Katz techniques for diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38: 196–198.
-
32.
Polderman AM, Krepel HP, Verweij JJ, Baeta S, Rotmans JP, 1993. Serological diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infections. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87: 433–435.
-
33.
Ten Hove R, Schuurman T, Kooistra M, Moller L, Van Lieshout L, Verweij JJ, 2007. Detection of diarrhoea-causing protozoa in general practice patients in The Netherlands by multiplex real-time PCR. Clin Microbiol Infect 13: 1001–1007.
-
34.
Obeng BB, Aryeetey YA, de Dood CJ, Amoah AS, Larbi IA, Deelder AM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Hartgers FC, Boakye DA, Verweij JJ, van Dam GJ, van Lieshout L, 2008. Application of a circulating-cathodic-antigen (CCA) strip test and real-time PCR, in comparison with microscopy, for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium in urine samples from Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 625–633.
-
35.
Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LE, Wallinga JA, Ruijs GJ, Bruins MJ, Verweij JJ, 2009. Parasitological diagnosis combining an internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the detection of four protozoa in stool samples with a testing algorithm for microscopy. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 869–874.
-
36.
Kim EM, Verweij JJ, Jalili A, van Lieshout L, Choi MH, Bae YM, Lim MK, Hong ST, 2009. Detection of Clonorchis sinensis in stool samples using real-time PCR. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 103: 513–518.
-
37.
ten Hove RJ, Van Esbroeck M, Vervoort T, Van den Ende J, Van Lieshout L, Verweij JJ, 2009. Molecular diagnostics of intestinal parasites in returning travellers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28: 1045–1053.
-
38.
Paul LG, Jennifer C, Cressida H, 2003. Intestinal parasites among African refugees resettled in Massachusetts and the impact of an overseas pre-departure treatment program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 657–662.
-
39.
Viney ME, Lok JB, 2007. Strongyloides spp. WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.141.1. Available at: http://www.wormbook.org. Accessed August 23, 2010.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1046 | 890 | 151 |
| Full Text Views | 1149 | 22 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 584 | 19 | 0 |
A Pentaplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Four Species of Soil-Transmitted Helminths
Madihah Basuni
Madihah Basuni
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Madihah Basuni in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Madihah Basuni in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jamail Muhi
Jamail Muhi
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Jamail Muhi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jamail Muhi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nurulhasanah Othman
Nurulhasanah Othman
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Nurulhasanah Othman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nurulhasanah Othman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jaco J. Verweij
Jaco J. Verweij
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Jaco J. Verweij in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jaco J. Verweij in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Maimunah Ahmad
Maimunah Ahmad
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Maimunah Ahmad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Maimunah Ahmad in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Noorizan Miswan
Noorizan Miswan
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Noorizan Miswan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Noorizan Miswan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Anizah Rahumatullah
Anizah Rahumatullah
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Anizah Rahumatullah in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Anizah Rahumatullah in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Farhanah Abdul Aziz
Farhanah Abdul Aziz
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Farhanah Abdul Aziz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Farhanah Abdul Aziz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Nurul Shazalina Zainudin
Nurul Shazalina Zainudin
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Nurul Shazalina Zainudin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Nurul Shazalina Zainudin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Rahmah Noordin
Rahmah Noordin
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia; Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for other papers by Rahmah Noordin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rahmah Noordin in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Soil-transmitted helminth infections remain a major public health burden in low- and middle-income countries. The traditional diagnosis by microscopic examination of fecal samples is insensitive and time-consuming. In this study, a pentaplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the simultaneous detection of Ancylostoma, Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis. The results were compared with those obtained by conventional parasitological diagnostic methods. Real-time PCR was positive in 48 of 77 samples (62.3%) and microscopic examination was positive in six samples (7.8%) only (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the real-time PCR assay described in this study provides a specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of these four helminth species in epidemiological studies and monitoring of treatment programs.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by European Union grant (COINFECT, INCO-CT-2006-031714.). The first, seventh, eighth, and ninth authors received financial support from the USM fellowship. The third author received financial aid from the university's Vice Chancellor Award.
Authors' addresses: Madihah Basuni, Nurulhasanah Othman, Maimunah Ahmad, Noorizan Miswan, Anizah Rahumatullah, Farhanah Abdul Aziz, Nurul Shazalina Zainudin, and Rahmah Noordin, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, E-mails: madihah_basuni@yahoo.com, nho80@yahoo.co.uk, maimunahahmad@yahoo.com.my, afrina_izan@yahoo.com, anirah82@gmail.com, farhanah.aziz@gmail.com, shazalina87@gmail.com, and rahmah8485@gmail.com. Jamail Muhi, Sarawak Health Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, E-mail: jamail@srwk.moh.gov.my. Jaco J. Verweij, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, E-mail: J.J.Verweij@lumc.nl.
Reprint requests: Rahmah Noordin, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia, E-mail: rahmah8485@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hotez PJ, Bethony J, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Buss P, 2005. Hookworm: “the great infection of mankind.” PLoS Med 2: e67.
-
2.
Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ, 2006. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 367: 1521–1532.
-
3.
Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA, 2006. Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Adv Parasitol 62: 221–261.
-
4.
Olsen A, van Lieshout L, Marti H, Polderman T, Polman K, Steinmann P, Stothard R, Thybo S, Verweij JJ, Magnussen P, 2009. Strongyloidiasis–the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 967–972.
-
5.
de Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli L, 2003. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 19: 547–551.
-
6.
Brooker S, Bethony J, Hotez PJ, 2004. Human hookworm infection in the 21st century. Adv Parasitol 58: 197–288.
-
7.
Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao S, 2004. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 351: 799–807.
-
8.
Marcos LA, Terashima A, DuPont HL, Gotuzzo E, 2008. Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome: an emerging global infectious disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 314–318.
-
9.
Verweij JJ, Brienen EA, Ziem J, Yelifari L, Polderman AM, Van Lieshout L, 2007. Simultaneous detection and quantification of Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, and Oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples using multiplex real-time PCR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 685–690.
-
10.
Verweij JJ, Pit DS, van Lieshout L, Baeta SM, Dery GD, Gasser RB, Polderman AM, 2001. Determining the prevalence of Oesophagostomum bifurcum and Necator americanus infections using specific PCR amplification of DNA from fecal samples. Trop Med Int Health 9: 726–731.
-
11.
Verweij JJ, Oostvogel F, Brienen EA, Nang-Beifubah A, Ziem J, Polderman AM, 2003. Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1153–1156.
-
12.
Verweij JJ, Blangé RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM, 2004. Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42: 1220–1223.
-
13.
Espy MJ, Uhl JR, Sloan LM, Buckwalter SP, Jones MF, Vetter EA, Yao JD, Wengenack NL, Rosenblatt JE, Cockerill FR III, Smith TF, 2006. Real-time PCR in clinical microbiology: applications for routine laboratory testing. Clin Microbiol Rev 1: 165–256.
-
14.
Amar CF, East CL, Gray J, Iturriza-Gomara M, Maclure EA, McLauchlin J, 2007. Detection by PCR of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 fecal samples: re-examination of the English case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (1993–1996). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 311–323.
-
15.
Verweij JJ, Canales M, Polman K, Ziem J, Brienen EA, Polderman AM, van Lieshout L, 2009. Molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in fecal samples using real-time PCR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 342–346.
-
16.
World Health Organization, 2004. Training Manual on Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites. Available at: http://www.who.int/wormcontrol/documents/benchaids/en/trainingmanual_sip98-2.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2010.
-
17.
Little SE, Johnson EM, Lewis D, Jaklitsch RP, Payton ME, Blagburn BL, Bowman DD, Moroff S, Tams T, Rich L, Aucoin D, 2009. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pet dogs in the United States. Vet Parasitol 166: 144–152.
-
18.
Wiria AE, Prasetyani MA, Hamid F, Wammes LJ, Lell B, Ariawan I, Uh HW, Wibowo H, Djuardi Y, Wahyuni S, Sutanto I, May L, Luty AJ, Verweij JJ, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M, Supali T, 2010. Does treatment of intestinal helminth infections influence malaria? Background and methodology of a longitudinal study of clinical, parasitological and immunological parameters in Nangapanda, Flores, Indonesia (ImmunoSPIN Study). BMC Infect Dis 10: 1–12.
-
19.
Niester HG, 2002. Clinical virology in real time. J Clin Virol 25 (Suppl 3): S3–S12.
-
20.
Norhayati M, Fatmah MS, Yusof S, 2003. Intestinal parasitic infections in man: a review. Med J Malaysia 58: 296–305.
-
21.
Ndamukong KJ, Ayuk MA, Dinga JS, Akenji TN, Ndiforchu VA, Titanji VP, 2000. The pattern of soil-transmitted nematode infections in primary school children of the Kumba Health District, south-west Cameroon. Afr J Health Sci 7: 103–106.
-
22.
Pearson RD, 2002. An update on the geohelminths: Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 4: 59–64.
-
23.
Al-Mekhlafi MS, Azlin M, Nor Aini U, Shaikh A, Sa'iah A, Fatmah MS, Ismail MG, Firdaus MS, Aisah MY, Rozlida AR, Norhayati M, 2006. Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiases among Orang Asli children living in peripheral Selangor, Malaysia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37: 40–47.
-
24.
Supali T, Verweij JJ, Wiria AE, Djuardi Y, Hamid F, Kaisar MM, Wammes LJ, van Lieshout L, Luty AJ, Sartono E, Yazdanbakhsh M, 2010. Polyparasitism and its impact on the immune system. Int J Parasitol 40: 1171–1176.
-
25.
Hotez PJ, Bethony J, Bottazzi ME, Brooker S, Diemert D, Loukas A, 2006. New technologies for the control of human hookworm infection. Trends Parasitol 22: 327–331.
-
26.
Steinmann P, Zhou XN, Du ZW, Jiang JY, Wang LB, Wang XZ, Li LH, Marti H, Utzinger J, 2007. Occurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis in Yunnan Province, China, and comparison of diagnostic methods. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: 1–6.
-
27.
Olsen A, Namwanje H, Nejsum P, Roepstorff A, Thamsborg SM, 2009. Albendazole and mebendazole have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura in school-age children in Kabale District, Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103: 443–446.
-
28.
Adenusi AA, 1997. The distribution of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale among school children in Lagos, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 270.
-
29.
Engels D, Nahimana S, Gryseels B, 1996. Comparison of the direct fecal smear and two thick smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 523–525.
-
30.
Albonico M, Stoltzfus RJ, Savioli L, Tielsch JM, Chwaya HM, Ercole E, Cancrini G, 1998. Epidemiological evidence for a differential effect of hookworm species, Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, on iron status of children. Int J Epidemiol 27: 530–537.
-
31.
Santos FL, Cerqueira EJ, Soares NM, 2005. Comparison of the thick smear and Kato-Katz techniques for diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38: 196–198.
-
32.
Polderman AM, Krepel HP, Verweij JJ, Baeta S, Rotmans JP, 1993. Serological diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infections. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87: 433–435.
-
33.
Ten Hove R, Schuurman T, Kooistra M, Moller L, Van Lieshout L, Verweij JJ, 2007. Detection of diarrhoea-causing protozoa in general practice patients in The Netherlands by multiplex real-time PCR. Clin Microbiol Infect 13: 1001–1007.
-
34.
Obeng BB, Aryeetey YA, de Dood CJ, Amoah AS, Larbi IA, Deelder AM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Hartgers FC, Boakye DA, Verweij JJ, van Dam GJ, van Lieshout L, 2008. Application of a circulating-cathodic-antigen (CCA) strip test and real-time PCR, in comparison with microscopy, for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium in urine samples from Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 625–633.
-
35.
Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LE, Wallinga JA, Ruijs GJ, Bruins MJ, Verweij JJ, 2009. Parasitological diagnosis combining an internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the detection of four protozoa in stool samples with a testing algorithm for microscopy. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 869–874.
-
36.
Kim EM, Verweij JJ, Jalili A, van Lieshout L, Choi MH, Bae YM, Lim MK, Hong ST, 2009. Detection of Clonorchis sinensis in stool samples using real-time PCR. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 103: 513–518.
-
37.
ten Hove RJ, Van Esbroeck M, Vervoort T, Van den Ende J, Van Lieshout L, Verweij JJ, 2009. Molecular diagnostics of intestinal parasites in returning travellers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 28: 1045–1053.
-
38.
Paul LG, Jennifer C, Cressida H, 2003. Intestinal parasites among African refugees resettled in Massachusetts and the impact of an overseas pre-departure treatment program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 657–662.
-
39.
Viney ME, Lok JB, 2007. Strongyloides spp. WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.141.1. Available at: http://www.wormbook.org. Accessed August 23, 2010.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1046 | 890 | 151 |
| Full Text Views | 1149 | 22 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 584 | 19 | 0 |