Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)–World Health Organization (WHO), 2006. Estimacion cuantitativa de la enfermedad de Chagas en las Americas. Montevideo, Uruguay: Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud; CD/425-06.
-
2.
Feldman AM, McNemara D, 2000. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 343: 1388–1398.
-
3.
Rocha MO, Teixeira MM, Ribeiro AL, 2007. An update on the management of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 5: 727–743.
-
4.
Dutra WO, Rocha MO, Teixeira MM, 2005. The clinical immunology of human Chagas disease. Trends Parasitol 21: 581–587.
-
5.
Gutierrez FR, Guedes PM, Gazzinelli RT, Silva JS, 2009. The role of parasite persistence in pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease. Parasite Immunol 31: 673–685.
-
6.
Abrahamsohn IA, Coffman RL, 1996. Trypanosoma cruzi: IL-10, TNF, IFN-gamma and IL-12 regulate innate and acquired immunity to infection. Exp Parasitol 84: 231–244.
-
7.
Brener Z, Gazzinelli RT, 1997. Immunological control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114: 103–110.
-
8.
Talvani A, Ribeiro CS, Aliberti JC, Michailowsky V, Santos PV, Murta SM, Romanha AJ, Almeida IC, Farber J, Lannes-Vieira J, Silva JS, Gazzinelli RT, 2000. Kinetics of cytokine gene expression in experimental chagasic cardiomyopathy: tissue parasitism and endogenous IFN-gamma as important determinants of chemokine mRNA expression during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect 2: 851–866.
-
9.
Urbina JA, 2009. New advances in the management of a long-neglected disease. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1685–1687.
-
10.
Node K, Fujita M, Kitakaze M, Hori M, Liao JK, 2003. Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 108: 839–843.
-
11.
Shanes JG, Minadeo KN, Moret A, Groner M, Tabaic SA, 2007. Statin therapy in heart failure: prognostic effects and potential mechanisms. Am Heart J 154: 617–623.
-
12.
Weis M, Heeschen C, Glassford AJ, Cooke JP, 2002. Statins have biphasic effects on angiogenesis. Circulation 105: 739–745.
-
13.
Cheng X, Liao YH, Zhang J, Li B, Ge H, Yuan J, Wang M, Lu B, Liu Y, Cheng Y, 2005. Effects of Atorvastatin on Th polarization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 7: 1099–1104.
-
14.
Robinson JG, 2008. Models for describing relations among the various statin drugs, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, pleiotropic effects and cardiovascular risk. Am J Cardiol 101: 1009–1015.
-
15.
Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA, Crowe T, Howard G, Cooper CJ, Brodie B, Grines CL, DeMaria AN, 2004. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291: 1071–1080.
-
16.
Mancini GB, Etminan M, Zhang B, Levesque LE, FitzGerald JM, Brophy JM, 2006. Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 2554–2560.
-
17.
Guedes PM, Veloso VM, Afonso LC, Caliari MV, Carneiro CM, Diniz LF, Marques-da-Silva EA, Caldas IS, Do Valle Matta MA, Souza SM, Lana M, Chiari E, Galvão LM, Bahia MT, 2009. Development of chronic cardiomyopathy in canine Chagas disease correlates with high IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and low IL-10 production during the acute infection phase. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 130: 43–52.
-
18.
Guedes PM, Veloso VM, Talvani A, Diniz LF, Caldas IS, Do-Valle-Matta MA, Santiago-Silva J, Chiari E, Galvão LM, Silva JS, Bahia MT, 2010. Increased type 1 chemokine expression in experimental Chagas disease correlates with cardiac pathology in Beagle dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 138: 106–113.
-
19.
Zaca V, Rastogi S, Imai M, Wang M, Sharov VG, Jiang A, Goldstein S, Sabbah HN, 2007. Chronic monotherapy with Rosuvastatin prevents progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in dogs with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 551–557.
-
20.
Shiroshita-Takeshita A, Brundel BJJM, Burstein B, Leung TK, Mitamura H, Ogawa S, Nattel S, 2007. Effects of simvastatin on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 74: 75–84.
-
21.
Pedersen TR, Tobert JA, 2004. Simvastatin: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 5: 2583–2596.
-
22.
Morris SA, Tanowitz HB, Wittner M, Bilezikian JP, 1990. Pathophysiological insights into the cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease. Circulation 82: 1900–1909.
-
23.
Botoni FA, Poole-Wilson PA, Ribeiro AL, Okonko DO, Oliveira BM, Pinto AS, Teixeira MM, Teixeira AL Jr, Reis AM, Dantas JB, Ferreira CS, Tavares WC Jr, Rocha MO, 2007. A randomized trial of carvedilol after renin-angiotensin system inhibition in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 153: 544e1–544e8.
-
24.
Bestetti RB, Theodoropoulos TA, Cardinalli-Neto A, 2007. Treating patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure in the contemporary era. Am Heart J 154: 35e.
-
25.
Issa VS, Amaral AF, Cruz FD, Ferreira SM, Guimarães GV, Chizzola PR, Souza GE, Bacal F, Bocchi EA, 2010. Beta-Blocker therapy and mortality of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy: a subanalysis of the REMADHE prospective Trial. Circ Heart Fail 3: 82–88.
-
26.
Paula-Costa G GP, Silva RR, Pedrosa MC, Pinho V, Lima WG, Teixeira MM, Bahia MT, Talvani A, 2010. Enalapril prevents cardiac immune-mediated damage and exerts anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity during acute phase of experimental Chagas disease. Parasite Immunol 32: 202–208.
-
27.
Goldstein JL, Brown MS, 1990. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 343: 425–430.
-
28.
Concepcion JL, Gonzalez-Pacanowska D, Urbina JA, 1998. 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase in Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: subcellular localization and kinetic properties. Arch Biochem Biophys 352: 114–120.
-
29.
Silva JS, Machado FS, Martins GA, 2003. The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Front Biosci 1: 314–325.
-
30.
Cummings KL, Tarleton RL, 2004. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is not essential for control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Infect Immun 72: 4081–4089.
-
31.
Coelho PS, Klein A, Talvani A, Coutinho SF, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Silva JS, Canizzaro H, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira MM, 2002. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes induce in vivo leukocyte recruitment dependent on MCP-1 production by IFN-gamma-primed-macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 71: 837–844.
-
32.
Gomes JA, Bahia-Oliveira LM, Rocha MO, Martins-Filho OA, Gazzinelli G, Correa-Oliveira R, 2003. Evidence that development of severe cardiomyopathy in human Chagas' disease is due to a Th1-specific immune response. Infect Immun 71: 1185–1193.
-
33.
Cunha-Neto E, Nogueira LG, Teixeira PC, Ramasawmy R, Drigo SA, Goldberg AC, Fonseca SG, Bilate AM, Kalil J, 2009. Immunological and non-immunological effects of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104 (Suppl 1): 252–258.
-
34.
de Lana M, Chiari E, Tafuri WL, 1992. Experimental Chagas' disease in dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87: 59–71.
-
35.
Gunja-Smith Z, Morales AR, Romanelli R, Woessner FR Jr, 1996. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline crosslinks. Am J Pathol 1448: 1639–1648.
-
36.
Chou DH, Lee W, McCulloch CA, 1996. TNF-alpha inactivation of collagen receptors: implications for fibroblasts function and fibrosis. J Immunol 156: 4354–4362.
-
37.
Gurantz D, Cowling RT, Villarreal FJ, Greenberg BH, 1999. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulates angiotensin II type 1 receptors on cardiac fibroblasts. Circ Res 85: 272–279.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 779 | 650 | 53 |
| Full Text Views | 359 | 13 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 95 | 12 | 0 |
Low Doses of Simvastatin Therapy Ameliorate Cardiac Inflammatory Remodeling in Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Dogs
Lilian Melo
Lilian Melo
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ivo Santana Caldas
Ivo Santana Caldas
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Maíra Araújo Azevedo
Maíra Araújo Azevedo
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Karolina Ribeiro Gonçalves
Karolina Ribeiro Gonçalves
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Alvaro Fernando da Silva do Nascimento
Alvaro Fernando da Silva do Nascimento
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
Vivian Paulino Figueiredo
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Lívia de Figueiredo Diniz
Lívia de Figueiredo Diniz
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rosália Moraes Torres
Rosália Moraes Torres
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Maria Terezinha Bahia
Maria Terezinha Bahia
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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André Talvani
André Talvani
Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Chagas cardiomyopathy remodeling is based on the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in heart tissue and on the complex inflammatory response leading to a myocardium fibrosis and alterations in conductive and functional heart parameters. This study aims to evaluate Simvastatin on the inflammatory response and heart functionality using dogs infected with Y strain of T. cruzi. Animals were treated daily with Simvastatin (20 mg) for 6 months and submitted to clinical and immunopathological evaluations. Simvastatin reduced heart expression and serum levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) but not interleukin-10 (IL-10), possibly favoring blood parasitism but reducing inflammation and fibrosis in the left ventricle and right atrium. Simvastatin also ameliorated ejection fraction, diastolic diameter, and mass index of the left ventricle 6 months after infection. This study suggests that more investigation should be performed on the use of statins as a prophylactic therapy against cardiac remodeling because of their effects on modifying immune response and benefiting functional parameters in dogs with T. cruzi-induced ventricular dysfunctions.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Lilian Melo, Ivo Santana Caldas, Maíra Araújo Azevedo, Vivian Paulino Figueiredo, Lívia de Figueiredo Diniz, Wanderson Geraldo de Lima, Maria Terezinha Bahia, and André Talvani, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil, E-mails: lilianmel@yahoo.com.br, ivocaldass@yahoo.com.br, mairaaazevedo@hotmail.com, vivian_figueiredo@yahoo.com.br, liviafcd@yahoo.com.br, wanderson@ufop.br, mtbahia@nupeb.ufop.br, and talvani@nupeb.ufop.br. Karolina Ribeiro Gonçalves, Alvaro Fernando da Silva do Nascimento, Wanderson Geraldo de Lima, and Maria Terezinha Bahia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil, E-mails: krgbio@gmail.com, neto1988@gmail.com, wanderson@ufop.br, and mtbahia@nupeb.ufop.br. Rosália Moraes Torres, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, E-mail: rmtorres@medicina.ufmg.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)–World Health Organization (WHO), 2006. Estimacion cuantitativa de la enfermedad de Chagas en las Americas. Montevideo, Uruguay: Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud; CD/425-06.
-
2.
Feldman AM, McNemara D, 2000. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 343: 1388–1398.
-
3.
Rocha MO, Teixeira MM, Ribeiro AL, 2007. An update on the management of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 5: 727–743.
-
4.
Dutra WO, Rocha MO, Teixeira MM, 2005. The clinical immunology of human Chagas disease. Trends Parasitol 21: 581–587.
-
5.
Gutierrez FR, Guedes PM, Gazzinelli RT, Silva JS, 2009. The role of parasite persistence in pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease. Parasite Immunol 31: 673–685.
-
6.
Abrahamsohn IA, Coffman RL, 1996. Trypanosoma cruzi: IL-10, TNF, IFN-gamma and IL-12 regulate innate and acquired immunity to infection. Exp Parasitol 84: 231–244.
-
7.
Brener Z, Gazzinelli RT, 1997. Immunological control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114: 103–110.
-
8.
Talvani A, Ribeiro CS, Aliberti JC, Michailowsky V, Santos PV, Murta SM, Romanha AJ, Almeida IC, Farber J, Lannes-Vieira J, Silva JS, Gazzinelli RT, 2000. Kinetics of cytokine gene expression in experimental chagasic cardiomyopathy: tissue parasitism and endogenous IFN-gamma as important determinants of chemokine mRNA expression during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Microbes Infect 2: 851–866.
-
9.
Urbina JA, 2009. New advances in the management of a long-neglected disease. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1685–1687.
-
10.
Node K, Fujita M, Kitakaze M, Hori M, Liao JK, 2003. Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 108: 839–843.
-
11.
Shanes JG, Minadeo KN, Moret A, Groner M, Tabaic SA, 2007. Statin therapy in heart failure: prognostic effects and potential mechanisms. Am Heart J 154: 617–623.
-
12.
Weis M, Heeschen C, Glassford AJ, Cooke JP, 2002. Statins have biphasic effects on angiogenesis. Circulation 105: 739–745.
-
13.
Cheng X, Liao YH, Zhang J, Li B, Ge H, Yuan J, Wang M, Lu B, Liu Y, Cheng Y, 2005. Effects of Atorvastatin on Th polarization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail 7: 1099–1104.
-
14.
Robinson JG, 2008. Models for describing relations among the various statin drugs, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, pleiotropic effects and cardiovascular risk. Am J Cardiol 101: 1009–1015.
-
15.
Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA, Crowe T, Howard G, Cooper CJ, Brodie B, Grines CL, DeMaria AN, 2004. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291: 1071–1080.
-
16.
Mancini GB, Etminan M, Zhang B, Levesque LE, FitzGerald JM, Brophy JM, 2006. Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 47: 2554–2560.
-
17.
Guedes PM, Veloso VM, Afonso LC, Caliari MV, Carneiro CM, Diniz LF, Marques-da-Silva EA, Caldas IS, Do Valle Matta MA, Souza SM, Lana M, Chiari E, Galvão LM, Bahia MT, 2009. Development of chronic cardiomyopathy in canine Chagas disease correlates with high IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and low IL-10 production during the acute infection phase. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 130: 43–52.
-
18.
Guedes PM, Veloso VM, Talvani A, Diniz LF, Caldas IS, Do-Valle-Matta MA, Santiago-Silva J, Chiari E, Galvão LM, Silva JS, Bahia MT, 2010. Increased type 1 chemokine expression in experimental Chagas disease correlates with cardiac pathology in Beagle dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 138: 106–113.
-
19.
Zaca V, Rastogi S, Imai M, Wang M, Sharov VG, Jiang A, Goldstein S, Sabbah HN, 2007. Chronic monotherapy with Rosuvastatin prevents progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in dogs with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 551–557.
-
20.
Shiroshita-Takeshita A, Brundel BJJM, Burstein B, Leung TK, Mitamura H, Ogawa S, Nattel S, 2007. Effects of simvastatin on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 74: 75–84.
-
21.
Pedersen TR, Tobert JA, 2004. Simvastatin: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 5: 2583–2596.
-
22.
Morris SA, Tanowitz HB, Wittner M, Bilezikian JP, 1990. Pathophysiological insights into the cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease. Circulation 82: 1900–1909.
-
23.
Botoni FA, Poole-Wilson PA, Ribeiro AL, Okonko DO, Oliveira BM, Pinto AS, Teixeira MM, Teixeira AL Jr, Reis AM, Dantas JB, Ferreira CS, Tavares WC Jr, Rocha MO, 2007. A randomized trial of carvedilol after renin-angiotensin system inhibition in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 153: 544e1–544e8.
-
24.
Bestetti RB, Theodoropoulos TA, Cardinalli-Neto A, 2007. Treating patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure in the contemporary era. Am Heart J 154: 35e.
-
25.
Issa VS, Amaral AF, Cruz FD, Ferreira SM, Guimarães GV, Chizzola PR, Souza GE, Bacal F, Bocchi EA, 2010. Beta-Blocker therapy and mortality of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy: a subanalysis of the REMADHE prospective Trial. Circ Heart Fail 3: 82–88.
-
26.
Paula-Costa G GP, Silva RR, Pedrosa MC, Pinho V, Lima WG, Teixeira MM, Bahia MT, Talvani A, 2010. Enalapril prevents cardiac immune-mediated damage and exerts anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity during acute phase of experimental Chagas disease. Parasite Immunol 32: 202–208.
-
27.
Goldstein JL, Brown MS, 1990. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 343: 425–430.
-
28.
Concepcion JL, Gonzalez-Pacanowska D, Urbina JA, 1998. 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase in Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi: subcellular localization and kinetic properties. Arch Biochem Biophys 352: 114–120.
-
29.
Silva JS, Machado FS, Martins GA, 2003. The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Front Biosci 1: 314–325.
-
30.
Cummings KL, Tarleton RL, 2004. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is not essential for control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. Infect Immun 72: 4081–4089.
-
31.
Coelho PS, Klein A, Talvani A, Coutinho SF, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Silva JS, Canizzaro H, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira MM, 2002. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes induce in vivo leukocyte recruitment dependent on MCP-1 production by IFN-gamma-primed-macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 71: 837–844.
-
32.
Gomes JA, Bahia-Oliveira LM, Rocha MO, Martins-Filho OA, Gazzinelli G, Correa-Oliveira R, 2003. Evidence that development of severe cardiomyopathy in human Chagas' disease is due to a Th1-specific immune response. Infect Immun 71: 1185–1193.
-
33.
Cunha-Neto E, Nogueira LG, Teixeira PC, Ramasawmy R, Drigo SA, Goldberg AC, Fonseca SG, Bilate AM, Kalil J, 2009. Immunological and non-immunological effects of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104 (Suppl 1): 252–258.
-
34.
de Lana M, Chiari E, Tafuri WL, 1992. Experimental Chagas' disease in dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87: 59–71.
-
35.
Gunja-Smith Z, Morales AR, Romanelli R, Woessner FR Jr, 1996. Remodeling of human myocardial collagen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Role of metalloproteinases and pyridinoline crosslinks. Am J Pathol 1448: 1639–1648.
-
36.
Chou DH, Lee W, McCulloch CA, 1996. TNF-alpha inactivation of collagen receptors: implications for fibroblasts function and fibrosis. J Immunol 156: 4354–4362.
-
37.
Gurantz D, Cowling RT, Villarreal FJ, Greenberg BH, 1999. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulates angiotensin II type 1 receptors on cardiac fibroblasts. Circ Res 85: 272–279.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 779 | 650 | 53 |
| Full Text Views | 359 | 13 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 95 | 12 | 0 |