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Genetic Polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax msp1p, a Paralog of Merozoite Surface Protein 1, from Worldwide Isolates
Plasmodium vivax msp1p, a paralog of the candidate vaccine antigen P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1, possesses a signal peptide at its N-terminus and two epidermal growth factor–like domains at its C-terminus with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol attachment site. The msp1p gene locus may have originated by a duplication of the msp1 gene locus in a common ancestor of the analyzed Plasmodium species and lost from P. yoelii, P. berghei, and P. falciparum during their evolutionary history. Full-length sequences of the msp1p gene were generally highly conserved; they had a few amino acid substitutions, one highly polymorphic E/Q-rich region, and a single-to-triple hepta-peptide repeat motif. Twenty-one distinguishable allelic types (A1–A21) of the E/Q-rich region were identified from worldwide isolates. Among them, four types were detected in isolates from South Korea. The length polymorphism of the E/Q-rich region might be useful as a genetic marker for population structure studies in malaria-endemic areas.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea grant (2009-075103) from the Korean government.
Authors' addresses: Yue Wang and Jun-Hu Chen, Department of Parasitology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea and Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China, E-mails: wangyuerr@yahoo.com.cn and hzjunhuchen@yahoo.com.cn. Osamu Kaneko, Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan, E-mail: okaneko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Department of Entomology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, E-mail: JetsumonP@afrims.org. Feng Lu, Department of Parasitology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea and Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, People's Republic of China, E-mail: lufeng981@hotmail.com. Jong-Yil Chai, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, E-mail: cjy@snu.ac.kr. Satoru Takeo and Takafumi Tsuboi, Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan, E-mails: tsuboi@ccr.ehime-u.ac.jp and stakeo@ccr.ehime-u.ac.jp. Francisco J. Ayala, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, E-mail: fjayala@uci.edu. Yong Chen, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, and Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, People's Republic of China, E-mail: cyong93@yahoo.com.cn. Chae Seung Lim, Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea, E-mail: malarim@korea.ac.kr. Eun-Taek Han, Department of Parasitology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea, E-mail: ethan@kangwon.ac.kr.