• 1.

    Brabin BJ, 1983. An analysis of malaria in pregnancy in Africa. Bull World Health Organ 61: 10051016.

  • 2.

    McGregor IA, 1984. Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 517525.

  • 3.

    Steketee RW, Nahlen BL, Parise ME, Menendez C, 2001. The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 2835.

  • 4.

    Mendendez C, 1995. Malaria during pregnancy: a priority area of malaria research and control. Parasitol Today 11: 178183.

  • 5.

    Guyatt HL, Snow RW, 2001. The epidemiology and burden of Plasmodium falciparum-related anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 3644.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6.

    Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, Newman RD, 2007. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 93104.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 7.

    Fried M, Duffy PE, 1996. Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum to chondroitin sulfate A in the human placenta. Science 272: 15021504.

  • 8.

    Duffy PE, Fried M, 2003. Antibodies that inhibit Plasmodium falciparum adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A are associated with increased birth weight and the gestational age of newborns. Infect Immun 71: 66206623.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9.

    Staalsoe T, Shulman CE, Bulmer JN, Kawuondo K, Marsh K, Hviid L, 2004. Variant surface antigen-specific IgG and protection against clinical consequences of pregnancy-associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lancet 363: 283289.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10.

    Gilles HM, Lawson JB, Sibelas M, Voller A, Allan N, 1969. Malaria, anaemia and pregnancy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 63: 245260.

  • 11.

    Scott JA, 1993. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 520529.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 12.

    Favia GA, Della T, Bagayoko M, Lanfrncotti A, Sagnon NF, Tour YT, Coluzzi M, 1997. Molecular identification of sympatric chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae and further evidence of their reproductive isolation. Insect Mol Biol 6: 377383.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Wirtz RA, Zavala F, Charoenvit Y, Campbell GH, Burkot TR, Schneider I, Esser K, Beaudoin RL, Andre RG, 1987. Comparative testing of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite monoclonal antibodies for ELISA development. Bull World Health Organ 65: 3945.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14.

    Basco LK, Ngane VF, Ndounga M, Same-Ekobo A, Youmba JC, Abodo RT, Soula G, 2006. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XXI. Baseline therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapies in children before national drug policy change. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 388395.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15.

    Basco LK, Ringwald P, 2007. Molecular epidemiology of malaria in Cameroon. XXIV. Trends of in vitro antimalarial drug responses in Yaounde, Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 2026.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16.

    Bulmer JN, Rasheed FN, Francis N, Morrison L, Greenwood BM, 1993. Placental malaria. I. Pathological classification. Histopathol 22: 211218.

  • 17.

    Ismail MR, Ordi J, Menendez C, Ventura PJ, Aponte JJ, Kahigwa E, Hirt R, Cardesa A, Alonso PL, 2000. Placental pathology in malaria: a histological, immunohistochemical, and quantitative study. Hum Pathol 31: 8593.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18.

    Snounou G, Viriyakosol S, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, 1993. Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by the polymerase chain reaction and detection of a high prevalence of mixed infections. Mol Biochem Parasitol 58: 283292.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 19.

    Walker-Abbey A, Djokam RR, Eno A, Leke RF, Titanji VP, Fogako J, Sama G, Thuita LH, Beardslee E, Snounou G, Zhou A, Taylor DW, 2005. Malaria in pregnant Cameroonian women: the effect of age and gravidity on submicroscopic and mixed-species infections and multiple parasite genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 229235.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 20.

    Viriyakosol S, Siripoon N, Petcharapirat C, Petcharapirat P, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN, Snounou G, 1995. Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum isolates by the polymerase chain reaction and potential uses in epidemiological studies. Bull World Health Organ 73: 8595.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 21.

    Mockenhaupt FP, Rong B, Till H, Eggelte TA, Beck S, Gyasi-Sarpong C, Thompson WNA, Bienzle U, 2000. Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections in pregnancy in Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 5: 167173.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22.

    Mayengue PI, Rieth H, Khattab A, Issifou S, Kremsner PG, Klinkert MQ, Ntoumi F, 2004. Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections and multiplicity of infection in matched peripheral, placental and umbilical cord blood samples from Gabonese women. Trop Med Int Health 9: 949958.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23.

    Schleiermacher D, Rogier C, Spiegel A, Tall A, Trape JF, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 2001. Increased multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections and skewed distribution of individual msp1 and msp2 alleles during pregnancy in Ndiop, a Senegalese village with seasonal, mesoendemic malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 303309.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 24.

    Beck S, Mockenhaupt FP, Bienzle U, Eggelte TA, Thompson WN, Stark K, 2001. Multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 631636.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 25.

    Saute F, Menendez C, Mayor A, Aponte J, Gomez-Olive X, Dgedge M, Alonso P, 2002. Malaria in pregnancy in rural Mozambique: the role of parity, submicroscopic and multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections. Trop Med Int Health 7: 1928.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26.

    Qair SH, Shi PY, Goldman IF, Nahlen BL, Tibayrenc M, Lal AA, 1998. Predicted and observed alleles of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), a potential malaria vaccine antigen. Mol Biochem Parasitol 92: 241252.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27.

    Ferreira MU, Ribeiro WL, Tonon AP, Kawamoto F, Rich SM, 2003. Sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum. Gene 304: 6575.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 28.

    Metselaar D, Van Thiel PM, 1959. Classification of malaria. Trop Geogr Med 11: 157161. Available at: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/.

  • 29.

    Shi YP, Sayed U, Qari SH, Roberts JM, Udhayakumar A, Oloo AJ, Hawley WA, Kaslow DC, Nahlen BL, Lal AA, 1996. Natural immune response to the C-terminal 19-kilodalton domain of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1. Infect Immun 64: 27162723.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 30.

    Johnson AH, Leke RG, Mendell NR, Shon D, Suh YJ, Bomba-Nkolo D, Tchinda V, Kouontchou S, Thuita LW, van der Wel AM, Thomas A, Stowers A, Saul A, Zhou A, Taylor DW, Quakyi IA, 2004. Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles influence levels of antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum asexual-stage apical membrane antigen 1 but not to merozoite surface antigen 2 and merozoite surface protein. Infect Immun 72: 27622771.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 31.

    Polley SD, Mwangi T, Kocken CH, Thomas AW, Dutta S, Lanar DE, Remarrque E, Ross A, Williams TN, Mwambingu G, Lowe B, Conway DJ, Marsh K, 2004. Human antibodies to recombinant protein constructs of Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and their associations with protection from malaria. Vaccine 23: 718728.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 32.

    Zhou A, Megnekou R, Leke R, Fogako J, Metenou S, Trock B, Taylor DW, Leke RF, 2002. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant Cameroonian women. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 566570.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 33.

    Tako EA, Zhou A, Lohoue J, Leke R, Taylor DW, Leke RF, 2005. Risk factors for placental malaria and its effect on pregnancy outcome in Yaounde, Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 236242.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 34.

    Anchang-Kimbi JK, Achidi EA, Nkegoum B, Sverremark-Ekström E, Troye-Blomberg M, 2009. Diagnostic comparison of malaria infection in peripheral blood, placental blood and placental biopsies in Cameroonian parturient women. Malar J 8: 126.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 35.

    Mokuolu OA, Falade CO, Orogade AA, Okafor HU, Adedoyin OT, Oguonu TA, Dada-Adegbola HO, Oguntayo OA, Ernest SK, Hamer DH, Callahan MV, 2009. Malaria at parturition in Nigeria: current status and delivery outcome. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 473971, 7 pages.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 36.

    Nyaruhucha CN, Msuya JM, Ngowi B, Gimbi DM, 2006. Maternal weight gain in second and third trimesters and their relationship with birth weights in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Tanzan Health Res Bull 8: 4144.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 37.

    Möller B, Gebre-Medhin M, Lindmark G, 1989. Maternal weight, weight gain and birthweight at term in the rural Tanzanian village of Ilula. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 96: 158166.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 38.

    Jansen AA, Kusin JA, Thiuri B, Lakhani SA, t Mannetje W, 1984. Machakos project studies no. XXIV. Anthropometric changes during pregnancy in rural African women. Trop Geogr Med 36: 9197.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 39.

    Villamor E, Msamanga G, Spiegelman D, Peterson KE, Antelman G, Fawzi WW, 2003. Pattern and predictors of weight gain during pregnancy among HIV-1-infected women from Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 32: 560569.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
Past two years Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 6 6 6
Full Text Views 371 188 7
PDF Downloads 111 58 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Longitudinal Studies of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Pregnant Women Living in a Rural Cameroonian Village with High Perennial Transmission

Rose F. G. LekeFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Rose F. G. Leke in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Jude D. BiogaFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Jude D. Bioga in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
James ZhouFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by James Zhou in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Genevieve G. FoudaFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Genevieve G. Fouda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Robert J. I. LekeFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Robert J. I. Leke in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Viviane TchindaFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Viviane Tchinda in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Rosette MegnekouFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Rosette Megnekou in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Josephine FogakoFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Josephine Fogako in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Grace SamaFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Grace Sama in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Philomina GwanmesiaFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Philomina Gwanmesia in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Germaine BombackFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Germaine Bomback in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Charles NamaFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Charles Nama in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Ababacar DioufFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Ababacar Diouf in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Naveen BobbiliFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Naveen Bobbili in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Diane Wallace TaylorFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

Search for other papers by Diane Wallace Taylor in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
View More View Less
Restricted access

A prospective longitudinal study of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women was conducted in the rural village of Ngali II, where malaria is hyperendemic and individuals receive ~0.7 infectious mosquito bites/person/day throughout the year. Pregnant women (N = 60; 19 primigravidae, 41 multigravidae) were enrolled early in pregnancy (median 14 wk) and were followed monthly, with 38 women followed through term (5.7 ± 1.1 prenatal visits and delivery). The total number of times primigravidae were slide-positive during pregnancy was higher than multigravidae (3.3 ± 1.1 versus 1.3 ± 1.3 times; P < 0.001), but no difference in the number of polymerase chain reaction-positive cases (4.6 ± 1.7 and 3.4 ± 1.7 times, P = 0.106) or total genotypes they harbored (8.9 ± 3.2 and 7.0 ± 2.9) was found. Only 7.9% women developed symptomatic infections. All primigravidae and 38% multigravidae were placental malaria-positive at delivery (P = 0.009). Genotyping showed that 77% of placental parasites were acquired ≥ 30 wks in pregnancy. These results help identify the extent of malaria-associated changes women experience during pregnancy.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Diane Wallace Taylor, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813. E-mail: dwtaylor@hawaii.edu

Financial support: This study was supported by the NIAID grant no. UO1 AI43888.

Authors' addresses: Rose F. G. Leke, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research, Jude D. Bigoga, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Robert J. I. Leke, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon, E-mails: roseleke@yahoo.com, judebigoga@yahoo.com, and robertjleker@yahoo.fr. Viviane Tchinda, Rosette Megnekou, Josephine Fogako, Grace Sama, Philomina Gwanmesia, and Germaine Bomback, The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon, E-mails: vtchinda1@yahoo.com, megnekor@yahoo.com, fogakoj@yahoo.com, menyensg@yahoo.com, and wanp2003@yahoo.com. James Zhou, AZ DataClinic, Inc., Rockville, MD, E-mail: jameszhou7@gmail.com. Genevieve G. Fouda, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine and Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, E-mail: ginyfouda@yahoo.com. Ababacar Diouf, Malaria Immunology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, E-mail: dioufa@niaid.nih.gov. Naveen Bobbili and Diane Wallace Taylor, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, E-mails: bobbili@hawaii and dwtaylor@hawaii.edu.edu.

Save