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1.
Schofield CJ, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
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Ryckman R, 1981. The kissing bug problem in western North America. Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecologists 6: 3.
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Klotz SA, Dorn PL, Klotz JH, Pinnas JL, Weirauch C, Kurtz JR, Schmidt J, 2009. Feeding behavior of triatomines from the southwestern United States: an update on potential risk for transmission of Chagas disease. Acta Trop 111: 114–118.
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Navin TR, Roberto RR, Juranek DD, Limpakarnjanarat K, Mortenson EW, Clover JR, Yescott RE, Taclindo C, Steurer F, Allain D, 1985. Human and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in California. Am J Public Health 75: 366–369.
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Roellig DM, Brown EL, Barnabe C, Tibayrenc M, Steurert FJ, Yabsley MJ, 2008. Molecular typing of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1123–1125.
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Llewellyn MS, Miles MA, Carrasco HJ, Lewis MD, Yeo M, Vargas J, Torrico F, Diosque P, Valente V, Valente SA, Gaunt MW, 2009. Genome-scale multilocus microsatellite typing of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit I reveals phylogeographic structure and specific genotypes linked to human infection. PLoS Pathog 5: 9.
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Westenberger SJ, Sturm NR, Yanega D, Podlipaev SA, Zeledon R, Campbell DA, Maslov DA, 2004. Trypanosomatid biodiversity in Costa Rica: genotyping of parasites from heteroptera using the spliced leader RNA gene. Parasitology 129: 537–547.
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Souto RP, Zingales B, 1993. Sensitive detection and strain classification of Trypanosoma cruzi by amplification of a ribosomal RNA sequence. Mol Biochem Parasitol 62: 45–52.
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Souto RP, Fernandes O, Macedo AM, Campbell DA, Zingales B, 1996. DNA markers define two major phylogenetic lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 83: 141–152.
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Maslov DA, Lukes J, Jirku M, Simpson L, 1996. Phylogeny of trypanosomes as inferred from the small and large subunit rRNAs: implications for the evolution of parasitism in the trypanosomatid protozoa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 75: 197–205.
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Infection Rates of Triatoma protracta (Uhler) with Trypanosoma cruzi in Southern California and Molecular Identification of Trypanosomes
Wei Song Hwang
Wei Song Hwang
Department of Entomology, and Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
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Guanyang Zhang
Guanyang Zhang
Department of Entomology, and Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
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Dmitri Maslov
Dmitri Maslov
Department of Entomology, and Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
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Christiane Weirauch
Christiane Weirauch
Department of Entomology, and Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
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We report Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates of the native kissing bug Triatoma protracta in southern California. The rates are within the historically reported range, but differ significantly between the two sites (19% in Escondido and 36% in Glendora). Identification of T. cruzi in T. protracta was conducted for the first time by using partial 18S ribosomal RNA and 24Sα ribosomal RNA sequences. Incongruence of 24Sα ribosomal RNA phylogeny with current T. cruzi genotype classification supports non-clonality of some T. cruzi genotypes.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the California Desert Research Fund (Wei Song Hwang and Guanyang Zhang), the Department of Entomology at the University of California, Riverside, and the National Science Foundation grant PEET DEB-0933853 (Christiane Weirauch).
Authors' addresses: Wei Song Hwang, Guanyang Zhang, Christiane Weirauch, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA. Dmitri Maslov, Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Schofield CJ, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
-
2.
Ryckman R, 1981. The kissing bug problem in western North America. Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecologists 6: 3.
-
3.
Klotz SA, Dorn PL, Klotz JH, Pinnas JL, Weirauch C, Kurtz JR, Schmidt J, 2009. Feeding behavior of triatomines from the southwestern United States: an update on potential risk for transmission of Chagas disease. Acta Trop 111: 114–118.
-
4.
Navin TR, Roberto RR, Juranek DD, Limpakarnjanarat K, Mortenson EW, Clover JR, Yescott RE, Taclindo C, Steurer F, Allain D, 1985. Human and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in California. Am J Public Health 75: 366–369.
-
5.
Bern C, Montgomery SP, Katz L, Caglioti S, Stramer SL, 2008. Chagas disease and the US blood supply. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21: 476–482.
-
6.
Reisenman CE, Lawrence G, Guerenstein PG, Gregory T, Dotson EM, Hildebrand JG, 2010. Infection of kissing bugs with Trypanosoma cruzi, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 400–405.
-
7.
Roellig DM, Brown EL, Barnabe C, Tibayrenc M, Steurert FJ, Yabsley MJ, 2008. Molecular typing of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1123–1125.
-
8.
Llewellyn MS, Miles MA, Carrasco HJ, Lewis MD, Yeo M, Vargas J, Torrico F, Diosque P, Valente V, Valente SA, Gaunt MW, 2009. Genome-scale multilocus microsatellite typing of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit I reveals phylogeographic structure and specific genotypes linked to human infection. PLoS Pathog 5: 9.
-
9.
Zingales B, Andrade SG, Briones MRS, Campbell DA, Chiari E, Fernandes O, Guhl F, Lages-Silva E, Macedo AM, Machado CR, Miles MA, Romanha AJ, Sturm NR, Tibayrenc M, Schijman AG, 2009. A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 1051–1054.
-
10.
Westenberger SJ, Sturm NR, Yanega D, Podlipaev SA, Zeledon R, Campbell DA, Maslov DA, 2004. Trypanosomatid biodiversity in Costa Rica: genotyping of parasites from heteroptera using the spliced leader RNA gene. Parasitology 129: 537–547.
-
11.
Souto RP, Zingales B, 1993. Sensitive detection and strain classification of Trypanosoma cruzi by amplification of a ribosomal RNA sequence. Mol Biochem Parasitol 62: 45–52.
-
12.
Souto RP, Fernandes O, Macedo AM, Campbell DA, Zingales B, 1996. DNA markers define two major phylogenetic lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 83: 141–152.
-
13.
Maslov DA, Lukes J, Jirku M, Simpson L, 1996. Phylogeny of trypanosomes as inferred from the small and large subunit rRNAs: implications for the evolution of parasitism in the trypanosomatid protozoa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 75: 197–205.
-
14.
Katoh K, Kuma K, Toh H, Miyata T, 2005. MAFFT version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucleic Acids Res 33: 511–518.
-
15.
Wood SF, 1975. Trypanosoma cruzi; new foci of enzootic Chagas disease in California. Exp Parasitol 38: 153–160.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1256 | 1104 | 22 |
| Full Text Views | 292 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 90 | 10 | 0 |