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Epidemiological Study of the Association between Anti-Lutzomyia longipalpis Saliva Antibodies and Development of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to Leishmania Antigen
Recent reports from animal models and from cross-sectional studies have suggested that host responses to anti-Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva antibodies may be related to delayed-type hypersensitivity to Leishmania antigen. In a prospective cohort study, we evaluated 1,080 children from two endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by means of Kaplan-Meier analysis. The incidence rate of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Leishmania antigen, measured at the 24th follow-up month, was higher among those reactive to Lu. longipalpis saliva antibodies at the beginning of the study (0.0217 cases per person-month) than among those previously negative (0.0131 cases per person-month) (P value for the log-rank test = 0.0006). It seems that mounting an anti-saliva immune response helps the development of a cell-mediated anti-Leishmania response.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by grants from CNPq – Portuguese acronym for the Brazilian National Research Council (CYTED and Renorbio). MBN, AAMS, and AB are senior investigators from CNPq.
Authors' addresses: Dorlene M. C. Aquino and Arlene J. M. Caldas, Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. José Carlos Miranda, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia (LIP), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ - Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Antonio A. M. Silva, Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Manoel Barral-Netto, Laboratório de Imuno-regulação (LIMI), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ - Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia - iii - INCT, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Aldina Barral, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia (LIP), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ - Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia - iii - INCT, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.