Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
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-
1.
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Miyamura S, 1995. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen. nov., as Orientia tsutsugamushi comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 589–591.
-
2.
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79: 26–30.
-
3.
Yi KS, Chong Y, Covington SC, Donahue BJ, Rothen RL, Rodriguez J, Arthur JD, 1993. Scrub typhus in Korea: importance of early clinical diagnosis in this newly recognized endemic area. Mil Med 158: 269–273.
-
4.
Watt G, Strickman D, 1994. Life-threatening scrub typhus in a traveler returning from Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 18: 624–626.
-
5.
Walker DH, 2003. Rickettsial diseases in travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 1: 35–40.
-
6.
Watt G, Parola P, 2003. Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 16: 429–436.
-
7.
Hanson B, 1985. Identification and partial characterization of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi major protein immunogens. Infect Immun 50: 603–609.
-
8.
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Takahashi K, Oyanagi M, 1985. Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Infect Immun 48: 671–675.
-
9.
Ohashi N, Tamura A, Ohta M, Hayashi K, 1989. Purification and partial characterization of a type-specific antigen of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Infect Immun 57: 1427–1431.
-
10.
Seong SY, Kim MK, Lee SM, Odgerel Z, Choi MS, Han TH, Kim IS, Kang JS, Lim BU, 2000. Neutralization epitopes on the antigenic domain II of the Orientia tsutsugamushi 56-kDa protein revealed by monoclonal antibodies. Vaccine 19: 2–9.
-
11.
Enatsu T, Urakami H, Tamura A, 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains based on the sequence homologies of 56-kDa type-specific antigen genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 180: 163–169.
-
12.
Qiang Y, Tamura A, Urakami H, Makisaka Y, Koyama S, Fukuhara M, Kadosaka T, 2003. Phylogenetic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated in Taiwan according to the sequence homologies of 56-kDa type-specific antigen genes. Microbiol Immunol 47: 577–583.
-
13.
Kollars TM Jr, Bodhidatta D, Phulsuksombati D, Tippayachai B, Coleman RE, 2003. Short report: variation in the 56-kD type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 299–300.
-
14.
Blacksell SD, Luksameetanasan R, Kalambaheti T, Aukkanit N, Paris DH, McGready R, Nosten F, Peacock SJ, Day NP, 2008. Genetic typing of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of contemporary Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates causing human scrub typhus at two sites in north-eastern and western Thailand. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 52: 335–342.
-
15.
Tsai KH, Wang HC, Chen CH, Huang JH, Lu HY, Su CL, Shu PY, 2008. Isolation and identification of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia, strain IG-1, from Ixodes granulatus ticks collected on Orchid Island (Lanyu), Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 256–261.
-
16.
Tsai KH, Lu HY, Tsai JJ, Yu SK, Huang JH, Shu PY, 2008. Human case of Rickettsia felis infection, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1970–1972.
-
17.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596–1599.
-
18.
Felsenstein J, 2005. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.6. Distributed by the author. Seattle, WA: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington.
-
19.
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2009. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 15 (Suppl 3): S203–S230.
-
20.
Van Peenen PF, Lien JC, Santana FJ, See R, 1976. Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of scrub typhus. J Parasitol 62: 653–654.
-
21.
Wang HC, Chung CL, Lin TH, Wang CH, Wu WJ, 2004. Studies on the vectors and pathogens of scrub typhus on murine-like animals in Kinmen County, Taiwan. Formosan Entomol 24: 257–272.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1228 | 1081 | 394 |
| Full Text Views | 552 | 28 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 206 | 24 | 0 |
Phylogenetic Analysis of 56-kDa Type-Specific Antigen Gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi Isolates in Taiwan
Hsiu-Ying Lu
Hsiu-Ying Lu
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kun-Hsien Tsai
Kun-Hsien Tsai
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sheng-Kai Yu
Sheng-Kai Yu
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chia-Hsin Cheng
Chia-Hsin Cheng
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Jr-Shiang Yang
Jr-Shiang Yang
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chien-Ling Su
Chien-Ling Su
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huai-Chin Hu
Huai-Chin Hu
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsi-Chieh Wang
Hsi-Chieh Wang
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Jyh-Hsiung Huang
Jyh-Hsiung Huang
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Pei-Yun Shu
Pei-Yun Shu
Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease transmitted to humans through the bite of chigger mites infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi, and is an endemic disease in Taiwan. To elucidate the molecular epidemiology of O. tsutsugamushi, the complete open reading frame of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene sequence of strains isolated from scrub typhus patients were determined and analyzed. A total of 116 isolates of O. tsutsugamushi were successfully isolated from patients infected in diverse geographic origins including Taiwan and three offshore islets, Kinmen, Matsu, and Penghu between May 2006 and December 2007. Sequence analysis revealed that 22 distinct sequence types could be identified that were broadly distributed in different clusters of the phylogenetic tree. Most of the isolates belong to Karp, Kawasaki, and Kuroki genotypes and are closely related to strains from Thailand, Japan, and Korea, whereas unique isolates different from other countries were also found in Taiwan. Distinct seasonal distributions were found in different sequence types. Some sequence types caused disease in the cold season, whereas others caused disease in the warm season.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study is in part supported by grant 98-0324-01-F-20 from National Research Program for Genome Medicine and by grant DOH96-DC-2010 from Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Authors' addresses: Hsiu-Ying Lu, Sheng-Kai Yu, Chia-Hsin Cheng, Jr-Shiang Yang, Chien-Ling Su, Huai-Chin Hu, Jyh-Hsiung Huang, and Pei-Yun Shu, Vector-Borne Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Laboratory, Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mails: hsiuying@cdc.gov.tw, ysk@cdc.gov.tw, eukaryota@cdc.gov.tw, shiang23@cdc.gov.tw, sue@cdc.gov.tw, huaichinhu@cdc.gov.tw, jhhuang@cdc.gov.tw, and pyshu@cdc.gov.tw. Kun-Hsien Tsai, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail: kunhtsai@ntu.edu.tw. Hsi-Chieh Wang, Vector Biology Laboratory, Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail: sjwang@cdc.gov.tw.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1.
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Miyamura S, 1995. Classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in a new genus, Orientia gen. nov., as Orientia tsutsugamushi comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 589–591.
-
2.
Berman SJ, Kundin WD, 1973. Scrub typhus in South Vietnam. A study of 87 cases. Ann Intern Med 79: 26–30.
-
3.
Yi KS, Chong Y, Covington SC, Donahue BJ, Rothen RL, Rodriguez J, Arthur JD, 1993. Scrub typhus in Korea: importance of early clinical diagnosis in this newly recognized endemic area. Mil Med 158: 269–273.
-
4.
Watt G, Strickman D, 1994. Life-threatening scrub typhus in a traveler returning from Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 18: 624–626.
-
5.
Walker DH, 2003. Rickettsial diseases in travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 1: 35–40.
-
6.
Watt G, Parola P, 2003. Scrub typhus and tropical rickettsioses. Curr Opin Infect Dis 16: 429–436.
-
7.
Hanson B, 1985. Identification and partial characterization of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi major protein immunogens. Infect Immun 50: 603–609.
-
8.
Tamura A, Ohashi N, Urakami H, Takahashi K, Oyanagi M, 1985. Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Infect Immun 48: 671–675.
-
9.
Ohashi N, Tamura A, Ohta M, Hayashi K, 1989. Purification and partial characterization of a type-specific antigen of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Infect Immun 57: 1427–1431.
-
10.
Seong SY, Kim MK, Lee SM, Odgerel Z, Choi MS, Han TH, Kim IS, Kang JS, Lim BU, 2000. Neutralization epitopes on the antigenic domain II of the Orientia tsutsugamushi 56-kDa protein revealed by monoclonal antibodies. Vaccine 19: 2–9.
-
11.
Enatsu T, Urakami H, Tamura A, 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains based on the sequence homologies of 56-kDa type-specific antigen genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 180: 163–169.
-
12.
Qiang Y, Tamura A, Urakami H, Makisaka Y, Koyama S, Fukuhara M, Kadosaka T, 2003. Phylogenetic characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated in Taiwan according to the sequence homologies of 56-kDa type-specific antigen genes. Microbiol Immunol 47: 577–583.
-
13.
Kollars TM Jr, Bodhidatta D, Phulsuksombati D, Tippayachai B, Coleman RE, 2003. Short report: variation in the 56-kD type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 299–300.
-
14.
Blacksell SD, Luksameetanasan R, Kalambaheti T, Aukkanit N, Paris DH, McGready R, Nosten F, Peacock SJ, Day NP, 2008. Genetic typing of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of contemporary Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates causing human scrub typhus at two sites in north-eastern and western Thailand. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 52: 335–342.
-
15.
Tsai KH, Wang HC, Chen CH, Huang JH, Lu HY, Su CL, Shu PY, 2008. Isolation and identification of a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia, strain IG-1, from Ixodes granulatus ticks collected on Orchid Island (Lanyu), Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 256–261.
-
16.
Tsai KH, Lu HY, Tsai JJ, Yu SK, Huang JH, Shu PY, 2008. Human case of Rickettsia felis infection, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1970–1972.
-
17.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596–1599.
-
18.
Felsenstein J, 2005. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.6. Distributed by the author. Seattle, WA: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington.
-
19.
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2009. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 15 (Suppl 3): S203–S230.
-
20.
Van Peenen PF, Lien JC, Santana FJ, See R, 1976. Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of scrub typhus. J Parasitol 62: 653–654.
-
21.
Wang HC, Chung CL, Lin TH, Wang CH, Wu WJ, 2004. Studies on the vectors and pathogens of scrub typhus on murine-like animals in Kinmen County, Taiwan. Formosan Entomol 24: 257–272.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1228 | 1081 | 394 |
| Full Text Views | 552 | 28 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 206 | 24 | 0 |