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Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths
We evaluated the effect of annual ivermectin (IV) distribution for onchocerciasis on the prevalence of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in school-aged (SAC) and preschool-aged (PAC) children by comparing children in villages that had received treatment for 13 years to those from socioeconomically similar villages in untreated areas. We enrolled 1,031 SAC and 211 PAC for Kato Katz examinations. Treated areas had a lower prevalence of Ascaris (SAC: 3% versus 12%, P < 0.0001; PAC: 3% versus 10%, P < 0.051) and Trichuris (SAC: 6% versus 10%, P = 0.012; PAC: 1% versus 8%, P = 0.019), but not hookworm (SAC: 38% versus 42%, P = 0.20; PAC: 21% versus 27%, P = 0.30). The prevalence of Ascaris or Trichuris in treated areas was below the WHO threshold for mass antihelminthic treatment (MDA), but not for hookworm. We conclude that benzimidazole MDA in IV treatment areas is indicated to effectively control hookworm.
Author Notes
Financial support: We gratefully acknowledge the Izumi Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for their generous funding. Julie Gutman's salary was supported in part by PHS Grant UL1 RR025008 and KL2 RR025009 from the Clinical and Translational Science Award program, national Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources and a fellowship grant from the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society [PIDS].
Authors' addresses: Julie Gutman, Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, E-mail: gutmanjr@gmail.com. Emmanuel Emukah, Njideka Okpala, and Andrew Obasi, The Carter Center Southeast Programs, Nigeria, E-mails: emukahe@yahoo.com, talk2nj2003@yahoo.com, and andyobasi2@yahoo.com. Chinyere Okoro, Parasitology Unit, Microbiology Department, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, E-mail: ihuarulam2002@yahoo.com. Emmanuel S. Miri, The Carter Center Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria, E-mail: emmamiri@yahoo.com. Frank O. Richards, Jr., The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: frich01@emory.edu.