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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2008. World Malaria Report. Technical Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Murray CK, Gasser RA Jr, Magill AJ, Miller RS, 2008. Update on rapid diagnostic testing for malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev 27: 97–110.
-
3.
Moody A, 2002. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev 15: 66–78.
-
4.
Piper R, Lebras J, Wentworth L, Hunt-Cooke A, Houze S, Chiodini P, Markler M, 1999. Immunocapture diagnostic assays for malaria using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 109–118.
-
5.
Oba IT, Spina AM, Saraceni CP, Lemos MF, Senhoras R, Moreira RC, Granato CF, 2000. Detection of hepatitis A antibodies by ELISA using saliva as clinical samples. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 42: 197–200.
-
6.
Thieme T, Piacentini S, Davidson S, Steingart K, 1994. Determination of measles, mumps, and rubella immunization status using oral fluid samples. J Am Med Assoc 272: 219–221.
-
7.
Hunt AJ, Connell J, Christofinis G, Parry JV, Weatherburn P, Hickson FC, Coxon AP, Davies PM, McManus TJ, Sutherland S, 1993. The testing of saliva samples for HIV-1 antibodies: reliability in a non-clinic setting. Genitourin Med 69: 29–30.
-
8.
Mharakurwa S, Simoloka C, Thuma PE, Shiff CJ, Sullivan D, 2006. PCR detection of Plasmodium falciparum in human urine and saliva samples. Malar J 5: 103.
-
9.
Nwakanma DC, Gomez-Escobar N, Walther M, Crozier S, Dubovsky F, Malkin E, Locke E, Conway D, 2009. Quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva, blood and urine. J Infect Dis 199: 1567–1574.
-
10.
Wilson NO, Adjei AA, Anderson W, Baidoo S, Stiles JK, 2008. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II in saliva of malaria patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 733–735.
-
11.
Plowe CV, Djimde AA, Bouare M, Doumbo O, Wellems TE, 1995. Pyrimethamine and proguanil resistance-conferring mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase: polymerase chain reaction methods for surveillance in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 565–568.
-
12.
Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Gerena L, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AMJ, 2004. Molecular analysis of recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in children treated with chloroquine in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 20–26.
-
13.
Happi TC, Thomas SM, Gbotosho GO, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Gerena L, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AM, 2003. Point mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum and clinical response to chloroquine among patients from Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 439–451.
-
14.
Palmer CJ, Lindo JF, Klaskala WI, Quesada JA, Kaminsky R, Baum MK, Ager AL, 1998. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Clin Microbiol 36: 203–206.
-
15.
Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P, 2000. Performance of the OptiMAL malaria antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. Br J Haematol 109: 891–894.
-
16.
Hunt-Cooke A, Chiodini PL, Doherty T, Moody AH, Ries J, Pinder M, 1999. Comparison of a lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 173–176.
-
17.
Bell D, Peeling RW, 2006. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: malaria. Nat Rev Microbiol 4: S34–S38.
-
18.
Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Oladepo O, Oduola AMJ, 2004. Malaria diagnosis: false negative Parasight-F tests in falciparum malaria patients in Nigeria. Afr J Med Sci 33: 15–18.
-
19.
Baker J, McCarthy J, Gatton M, Kyle DE, Belizario V, Luchavez J, 2005. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 (pfHRP2) and its effect on the performance of pfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests. J Infect Dis 192: 870–877.
-
20.
Djimde A, Doumbo OK, Cortese JF, Kayentao F, Doumbo S, Diourte Y, Dicko A, Su XZ, Nomura T, Fidock DA, Wellems TE, Plowe CV, Coulibaly D, 2001. A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 344: 257–263.
-
21.
Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Akinboye DO, Yusuf BO, Ebong OO, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, 2005. Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum dhfr and dhps genes and age related in vivo sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in malaria-infected patients from Nigeria. Acta Trop 95: 183–193.
-
22.
Folarin OA, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Olorunsogo OO, Oduola AMJ, Happi TC, 2008. Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria: relationship between pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms, in vitro resistance and treatment outcome. Open Trop Med J 1: 74–82.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 797 | 676 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 409 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 139 | 9 | 0 |
Rapid Detection of Lactate Dehydrogenase and Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum in Saliva of Children with Acute Uncomplicated Malaria
Grace O. Gbotosho
Grace O. Gbotosho
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Stewardship for Research, Tropical Disease Research (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Christian T. Happi
Christian T. Happi
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Stewardship for Research, Tropical Disease Research (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Onikepe Folarin
Onikepe Folarin
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Stewardship for Research, Tropical Disease Research (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ochuko Keyamo
Ochuko Keyamo
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Stewardship for Research, Tropical Disease Research (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Akintunde Sowunmi
Akintunde Sowunmi
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Stewardship for Research, Tropical Disease Research (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ayoade M. J. Oduola
Ayoade M. J. Oduola
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Stewardship for Research, Tropical Disease Research (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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The diagnosis of malaria in biological fluids other than blood using non-invasive, rapid diagnostic techniques provides a valuable approach in case management and epidemiological studies of malaria. Rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) in saliva samples from 130 of 144 children with microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection was evaluated using Optimal-IT dipsticks. Genotyping of parasites was also performed in saliva and blood samples from a cohort of patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sensitivity of the dipstick in whole-blood, whole-saliva, or supernatant of spun saliva samples was 97.2%, 77.9%, and 48.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of the dipstick in whole-saliva samples was significantly higher than in supernatant of spun saliva samples (P < 0.0005). Mutant T76 allele was detectable in 60% and 57% of blood and saliva samples, respectively. This finding shows rapid detection of pLDH in patient saliva.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by grants from the European Union and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), the Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Multilateral Initiative for Malaria in Africa (MIM)/Tropical Disease Research (TDR). G.O.G. is supported by the MIM/TDR projects ID A20239 and A20244. C.T.H. is supported EDCTP Grant Award no. TA2007/40200016 for Senior Research Fellowship and Fogarty International Research Collaboration Award (FIRCA) NIH no. RO3TW007757-03. A.S. is supported by a Swiss Pharma Nigeria PLC Grant.
Authors' addresses: Grace O. Gbotosho, Christian T. Happi, Onikepe Folarin, Ochuko Keyamo, and Akintunde Sowunmi, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Malaria Research Laboratories, Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, E-mails: solagbotosho@yahoo.co.uk, christianhappi@hotmail.com, onikepefolarin@yahoo.com, ochukzee@yahoo.com, and akinsowunmi@hotmail.com. Ayoade M. J. Oduola, Strategic and Discovery Research, World Health Organization/Tropical Disease Research, Geneva, Switzerland, E-mail: oduolaa@who.int.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2008. World Malaria Report. Technical Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Murray CK, Gasser RA Jr, Magill AJ, Miller RS, 2008. Update on rapid diagnostic testing for malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev 27: 97–110.
-
3.
Moody A, 2002. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev 15: 66–78.
-
4.
Piper R, Lebras J, Wentworth L, Hunt-Cooke A, Houze S, Chiodini P, Markler M, 1999. Immunocapture diagnostic assays for malaria using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 109–118.
-
5.
Oba IT, Spina AM, Saraceni CP, Lemos MF, Senhoras R, Moreira RC, Granato CF, 2000. Detection of hepatitis A antibodies by ELISA using saliva as clinical samples. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 42: 197–200.
-
6.
Thieme T, Piacentini S, Davidson S, Steingart K, 1994. Determination of measles, mumps, and rubella immunization status using oral fluid samples. J Am Med Assoc 272: 219–221.
-
7.
Hunt AJ, Connell J, Christofinis G, Parry JV, Weatherburn P, Hickson FC, Coxon AP, Davies PM, McManus TJ, Sutherland S, 1993. The testing of saliva samples for HIV-1 antibodies: reliability in a non-clinic setting. Genitourin Med 69: 29–30.
-
8.
Mharakurwa S, Simoloka C, Thuma PE, Shiff CJ, Sullivan D, 2006. PCR detection of Plasmodium falciparum in human urine and saliva samples. Malar J 5: 103.
-
9.
Nwakanma DC, Gomez-Escobar N, Walther M, Crozier S, Dubovsky F, Malkin E, Locke E, Conway D, 2009. Quantitative detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in saliva, blood and urine. J Infect Dis 199: 1567–1574.
-
10.
Wilson NO, Adjei AA, Anderson W, Baidoo S, Stiles JK, 2008. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II in saliva of malaria patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 733–735.
-
11.
Plowe CV, Djimde AA, Bouare M, Doumbo O, Wellems TE, 1995. Pyrimethamine and proguanil resistance-conferring mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase: polymerase chain reaction methods for surveillance in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 565–568.
-
12.
Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Gerena L, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AMJ, 2004. Molecular analysis of recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in children treated with chloroquine in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 20–26.
-
13.
Happi TC, Thomas SM, Gbotosho GO, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Gerena L, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AM, 2003. Point mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum and clinical response to chloroquine among patients from Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 439–451.
-
14.
Palmer CJ, Lindo JF, Klaskala WI, Quesada JA, Kaminsky R, Baum MK, Ager AL, 1998. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. J Clin Microbiol 36: 203–206.
-
15.
Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P, 2000. Performance of the OptiMAL malaria antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. Br J Haematol 109: 891–894.
-
16.
Hunt-Cooke A, Chiodini PL, Doherty T, Moody AH, Ries J, Pinder M, 1999. Comparison of a lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 173–176.
-
17.
Bell D, Peeling RW, 2006. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: malaria. Nat Rev Microbiol 4: S34–S38.
-
18.
Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Oladepo O, Oduola AMJ, 2004. Malaria diagnosis: false negative Parasight-F tests in falciparum malaria patients in Nigeria. Afr J Med Sci 33: 15–18.
-
19.
Baker J, McCarthy J, Gatton M, Kyle DE, Belizario V, Luchavez J, 2005. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 (pfHRP2) and its effect on the performance of pfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests. J Infect Dis 192: 870–877.
-
20.
Djimde A, Doumbo OK, Cortese JF, Kayentao F, Doumbo S, Diourte Y, Dicko A, Su XZ, Nomura T, Fidock DA, Wellems TE, Plowe CV, Coulibaly D, 2001. A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 344: 257–263.
-
21.
Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Akinboye DO, Yusuf BO, Ebong OO, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, 2005. Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum dhfr and dhps genes and age related in vivo sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in malaria-infected patients from Nigeria. Acta Trop 95: 183–193.
-
22.
Folarin OA, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Olorunsogo OO, Oduola AMJ, Happi TC, 2008. Chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Nigeria: relationship between pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms, in vitro resistance and treatment outcome. Open Trop Med J 1: 74–82.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 797 | 676 | 20 |
| Full Text Views | 409 | 6 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 139 | 9 | 0 |