Developing the Right Pneumococcal Vaccine for the Time and Place

Sanjay Mehta University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California

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Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Sanjay Mehta, UCSD–Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, Stein Clinical Research Bldg., MC 0711, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail: srmehta@ucsd.edu

Author's address: Sanjay Mehta, UCSD–Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, Stein Clinical Research Bldg., MC 0711, La Jolla, CA 92093, E-mail: srmehta@ucsd.edu.

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    Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, Leibovitz E, Greenberg D, Porat N, 2009. Introduction and proliferation of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A clones that cause acute otitis media in an unvaccinated population. J Infect Dis 199: 776785.

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    Moore C, Sengduangprachan A, Taojaikong T, Sirisouk J, Foster D, Phetsouvanh R, McGee L, Crook D, Newton P, Peacock S, 2010. Enhanced determination of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes associated with invasive disease in Laos using a real-time PCR serotyping assay on cerebrospinal fluid. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 451457.

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    Levine OS, Cherian T, Hajjeh R, Knoll MD, 2009. Progress and future challenges in coordinated surveillance and detection of pneumococcal and Hib disease in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis 48 (Suppl 2): S33S36.

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    Phongsamart W, Srifeungfung S, Dejsirilert S, Chatsuwan T, Nunthapisud P, Treerauthaweeraphong V, Rungnobhakhun P, Chokephaibulkit K, 2007. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Thai children younger than 5 years old, 2000–2005. Vaccine 25: 12751280.

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    Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, Craig AS, Hadler J, Reingold A, Thomas AR, Harrison LH, Bennett NM, Farley MM, Facklam RR, Jorgensen JH, Besser J, Zell ER, Schuchat A, Whitney CG, 2006. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 354: 14551463.

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    Ladhani S, Ramsay ME, Chandra M, Slack MP, 2008. No evidence for Haemophilus influenzae serotype replacement in Europe after introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine. Lancet Infect Dis 8: 275276.

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    Ribeiro GS, Lima JB, Reis JN, Gouveia EL, Cordeiro SM, Lobo TS, Pinheiro RM, Ribeiro CT, Neves AB, Salgado K, Silva HR, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2007. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis 5 years after introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Brazil. Vaccine 25: 44204428.

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    Bisgard KM, Kao A, Leake J, Strebel PM, Perkins BA, Wharton M, 1998. Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in the United States, 1994–1995: near disappearance of a vaccine-preventable childhood disease. Emerg Infect Dis 4: 229237.

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    1996. Progress toward elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children–United States, 1987–1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45: 901906.

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    Pelton SI, Loughlin AM, Marchant CD, 2004. Seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in two Boston communities: changes in serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23: 10151022.

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    Moore MR, Gertz RE Jr, Woodbury RL, Barkocy-Gallagher GA, Schaffner W, Lexau C, Gershman K, Reingold A, Farley M, Harrison LH, Hadler JL, Bennett NM, Thomas AR, McGee L, Pilishvili T, Brueggemann AB, Whitney CG, Jorgensen JH, Beall B, 2008. Population snapshot of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in the United States, 2005. J Infect Dis 197: 10161027.

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