Rabarijaona LP, Boisier P, Ravaoalimalala VE, Jeanne I, Roux JF, Jutand MA, Salamon R, 2003. Lot quality assurance sampling for screening communities hyperendemic for Schistosoma mansoni. Trop Med Int Health 8: 322ā328.
Lengeler C, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2002. Screening of schistosomiasis with questionnaires. Trends Parasitol 18: 375ā377.
Fenwick A, 2006. New initiatives against Africa's worms. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 200ā207.
Satayathum SA, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Whalen CC, King CH, 2006. Factors affecting infection and reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium in coastal Kenya: survival analysis during nine-year, school-based treatment program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 83ā92.
King C, Dickman K, Tisch DJ, 2005. Reassessment of the cost of chronic helminthic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis. Lancet 365: 1561ā1569.
Carabin H, Marshall CM, Joseph L, Riley S, Olveda R, McGarvey ST, 2005. Estimating the intensity of infection with Schistosoma japonicum in villagers of Leyte, Phillipines. Part I: a Bayesian cumulative logit model. The Schistosomiasis Transmission and Ecology Project (STEP). Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 745ā753.
Noya BA, Guevara RR, Colmenares C, Losada S, Noya O, 2006. Low transmission areas of schistosomiasis in Venezuela: consequences on the diagnosis treatment, and control. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101 (Suppl 1): 29ā35.
Wilson A, van Dam GJ, Kariuki TM, Farah IO, Deelder AM, Coulson PS, 2006. The detection limits for estimates of infection intensity in schistosomiasis mansoni established by a study in non-human primates. Int J Parasitol 36: 1241ā1244.
Savioli L, Hatz C, Dixon H, Kisumku UM, Mott KE, 1990. Control of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium on Pemba Island: egg excretion and hematuria as indicators of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 289ā295.
Chandiwana SK, Woolhouse ME, Bradley M, 1991. Factors affecting the intensity of reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium following treatment with praziquantel. Parasitology 102: 73ā83.
Fulford AJ, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Klumpp R, Kloos H, Sturrock RF, Butterworth AE, 1996. Water contact observations in Kenyan communities endemic for schistosomiasis: methodology and patterns of behaviour. Parasitology 113: 223ā241.
Vercruysse J, Shaw DJ, Bont J, 2001. Index potential contamination for schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 17: 256ā261.
Jordan P, 1985. Schistosomiasis: The St. Lucia Project. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Ouma JH, Sturrock RF, Klumpp PK, Kariuki HC, 1989. A comparative evaluation of snail sampling and cercariometry to detect Schistosoma mansoni transmission in a large-scale, longitudinal field-study in Machakos, Kenya. Parasitology 99: 349ā355.
Aoki Y, Sato K, Muhoho ND, Noda S, Kimura E, 2003. Cercariometry for detection of transmission sites for schistosomiasis. Parasitol Int 52: 403ā408.
Woolhouse ME, Chandiwana SK, 1989. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the population dynamics of Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi and the epidemiology of their infection with schistosomes. Parasitology 98: 21ā34.
Kariuki HC, Clenon JA, Brady MS, Kitron U, Sturrock RF, Ouma JH, Ndzovu ST, Mungai P, Hoffman O, Hamburger J, Pellegrini C, Muchiri EM, King CH, 2004. Distribution patterns and cercarial shedding of Bulinus nasutus and other snails in the Msambweni area, Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 449ā546.
Hamburger J, Turetsky T, Kapeller I, Deresievicz R, 1991. Highly repeated short DNA sequences in the genome of Schistosoma mansoni recognized by a species-specific probe. Mol Biochem Parasitol 44: 73ā80.
Hamburger J, He N, Xin XY, Ramzy RM, Jourdane J, Ruppel A, 1998. A polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting snails infected with bilharzia parasites (Schistosoma mansoni) from very early prepatency. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 872ā876.
Hamburger J, He N, Abassi I, Ramzy RM, Jourdane J, Rupple A, 2001. Polymerase chain reaction assay based on a highly repeated sequence of Schistosoma haematobium: a potential tool for monitoring schistosome-infested water. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 907ā911.
Hamburger J, Hoffman O, Kariuki CH, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Koech DK, Sturrock RF, King CH, 2004. Large-scale polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance of Schistosoma haematobium DNA in snails from transmission sites in coastal Kenya: a new tool for studying the dynamics of snail infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 765ā773.
King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki CH, Hamburger J, 2006. Transmission control for schistosomiasis. Why it matters now. Trends Parasitol 22: 575ā582.
Farid HA, Morsy ZS, Helmy H, Ramzy RM, El Setouhy M, Weil GJ, 2007. A critical appraisal of molecular xenomonitoring as a tool for assessing progress toward elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 593ā600.
Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T, 2000. Loop mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 28: e63iāvii.
Poon LL, Wong BW, Ma EH, Chan KH, Chow LM, Abeyewickreme W, Tangpukdee N, Yuen KY, Guan Y, Looareesuwan S, Peiris JS, 2006. Sensitive and inexpensive molecular test for falciparum malaria: detecting Plasmodium falciparum DNA directly from heat-treated blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Clin Chem 52: 303ā306.
Xu J, Rong R, Zhang HQ, Shi CJ, Zhu XQ, Xia CM, 2010. Sensitive and rapid detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Int J Parasitol 40: 327ā331.
Mori Y, Nagamine K, Tomita N, Notomi T, 2001. Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289: 150ā154.
Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Henostroza G, Raqib R, Rahim Z, Gerhardt M, Sanga E, Hoelscher M, Notomi T, Hase T, Perkins MD, 2007. Operational feasibility of using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in microscopy centers in developing countries. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1936ā1940.
Smithers SR, Terry RJ, 1965. The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of adult worms. Parasitology 55: 695ā700.
Sohni Y, Kanjilal S, Kapur V, 2008. performance of five commercial real-time PCR reagent systems using TaqMan assays for B. antracis detection. Clin Biochem 41: 640ā644.
Pontes LA, Oliveira MC, Katz N, Dias-Neto E, Rabello A, 2003. Comparison of a polymerase chain reaction and the Kato Katz technique for diagnosing infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 652ā656.
Wickman D, Panning M, Quack T, Kramme S, Burchard GD, Grevelding C, Drosten C, 2009. Diagnosing schistosomiasis by detection of cell-free parasite DNA in human plasma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e422.
Katholi CR, Toe L, Merriweathe A, Unnasch TR, 1995. Determining the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in vector populations by PCR screening of pools of black flies. J Infect Dis 172: 1414ā1417.
Yameogo L, Toe L, Hougard JM, Boatin BA, Unnasch TR, 1999. Pool screen polymerase chain reaction for estimating the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in Simulium damnosum sensu lato: results of a field trial in an area subject to successful vector control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 124ā128.
Helmy H, Fischer P, Farid HA, Bradley MH, Ramzy RM, 2004. Test strip detection of Wuchereria bancrofti amplified DNA in wild-caught Culex pipiens and estimation of infection rate by the PoolScreen algorithm. Trop Med Int Health 9: 158ā163.
Webster BL, Rollinson D, Stothard JR, Huyse T, 2010. Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR (RD-PCR) to discriminate Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis. J Helminthol 84: 107ā114.
Weyher A, Phillips-Conroy J, Fischer K, Weil G, Chansa W, Fischer P, 2009. Molecular identification of Schistosoma mattheei from feces of Kinda (Papio cynocephalus kindae) and greyfoot baboons (Papio cynocephalus gryseipes) in Zambia. J Parasitol August 22. [Epub ahead of print].
Abbasi I, King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki C, Muchiri E, Hamburger J, 2007. Differentiation of Schistosoma haematobium from related schistosomes by PCR amplifying an inter-repeat sequence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 950ā955.
Webster JP, Davies CM, 2001. Coevolution and compatibility in the snail-schistosome system. Parasitology 123: S41āS56.
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Monitoring post-control transmission of schistosomes by examining humans becomes less effective as infection rates among humans decrease. Molecular monitoring of prepatent schistosome infection in snails by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for studying human-to-snail transmission, and snail prepatent infection rates were found to correspond to infection prevalence and average intensity in human populations contacting the sites studied. We have now developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for identifying Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium to facilitate large-scale evaluation of post-intervention transmission potential. LAMP primers were designed based on the Sm1-7 and DraI repeated sequences of the corresponding schistosomes, and amplification by LAMP of these 121-basepair highly abundant sequences provided a detection sensitivity of 0.1 fg of genomic DNA. When these LAMP assays were applied for examining infected laboratory snails, it was possible to identify infection from the first day after exposure to miracidia. The potential advantages of these assays are discussed.
Financial support: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health research grants R01TW008067 and R21AI076672 funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Authors' addresses: Ibrahim Abbasi and Joseph Hamburger, Department of Parasitology, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, E-mails: ibrahima@ekmd.huji.ac.il and hambu@cc.huji.ac.il. Charles H. King, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: chk@cwru.edu. Eric M. Muchiri, Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: ericmmuchiri@gmail.com.
Rabarijaona LP, Boisier P, Ravaoalimalala VE, Jeanne I, Roux JF, Jutand MA, Salamon R, 2003. Lot quality assurance sampling for screening communities hyperendemic for Schistosoma mansoni. Trop Med Int Health 8: 322ā328.
Lengeler C, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2002. Screening of schistosomiasis with questionnaires. Trends Parasitol 18: 375ā377.
Fenwick A, 2006. New initiatives against Africa's worms. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 200ā207.
Satayathum SA, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Whalen CC, King CH, 2006. Factors affecting infection and reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium in coastal Kenya: survival analysis during nine-year, school-based treatment program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 83ā92.
King C, Dickman K, Tisch DJ, 2005. Reassessment of the cost of chronic helminthic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis. Lancet 365: 1561ā1569.
Carabin H, Marshall CM, Joseph L, Riley S, Olveda R, McGarvey ST, 2005. Estimating the intensity of infection with Schistosoma japonicum in villagers of Leyte, Phillipines. Part I: a Bayesian cumulative logit model. The Schistosomiasis Transmission and Ecology Project (STEP). Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 745ā753.
Noya BA, Guevara RR, Colmenares C, Losada S, Noya O, 2006. Low transmission areas of schistosomiasis in Venezuela: consequences on the diagnosis treatment, and control. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101 (Suppl 1): 29ā35.
Wilson A, van Dam GJ, Kariuki TM, Farah IO, Deelder AM, Coulson PS, 2006. The detection limits for estimates of infection intensity in schistosomiasis mansoni established by a study in non-human primates. Int J Parasitol 36: 1241ā1244.
Savioli L, Hatz C, Dixon H, Kisumku UM, Mott KE, 1990. Control of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium on Pemba Island: egg excretion and hematuria as indicators of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 289ā295.
Chandiwana SK, Woolhouse ME, Bradley M, 1991. Factors affecting the intensity of reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium following treatment with praziquantel. Parasitology 102: 73ā83.
Fulford AJ, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Thiongo FW, Klumpp R, Kloos H, Sturrock RF, Butterworth AE, 1996. Water contact observations in Kenyan communities endemic for schistosomiasis: methodology and patterns of behaviour. Parasitology 113: 223ā241.
Vercruysse J, Shaw DJ, Bont J, 2001. Index potential contamination for schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 17: 256ā261.
Jordan P, 1985. Schistosomiasis: The St. Lucia Project. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Ouma JH, Sturrock RF, Klumpp PK, Kariuki HC, 1989. A comparative evaluation of snail sampling and cercariometry to detect Schistosoma mansoni transmission in a large-scale, longitudinal field-study in Machakos, Kenya. Parasitology 99: 349ā355.
Aoki Y, Sato K, Muhoho ND, Noda S, Kimura E, 2003. Cercariometry for detection of transmission sites for schistosomiasis. Parasitol Int 52: 403ā408.
Woolhouse ME, Chandiwana SK, 1989. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the population dynamics of Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi and the epidemiology of their infection with schistosomes. Parasitology 98: 21ā34.
Kariuki HC, Clenon JA, Brady MS, Kitron U, Sturrock RF, Ouma JH, Ndzovu ST, Mungai P, Hoffman O, Hamburger J, Pellegrini C, Muchiri EM, King CH, 2004. Distribution patterns and cercarial shedding of Bulinus nasutus and other snails in the Msambweni area, Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 449ā546.
Hamburger J, Turetsky T, Kapeller I, Deresievicz R, 1991. Highly repeated short DNA sequences in the genome of Schistosoma mansoni recognized by a species-specific probe. Mol Biochem Parasitol 44: 73ā80.
Hamburger J, He N, Xin XY, Ramzy RM, Jourdane J, Ruppel A, 1998. A polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting snails infected with bilharzia parasites (Schistosoma mansoni) from very early prepatency. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 872ā876.
Hamburger J, He N, Abassi I, Ramzy RM, Jourdane J, Rupple A, 2001. Polymerase chain reaction assay based on a highly repeated sequence of Schistosoma haematobium: a potential tool for monitoring schistosome-infested water. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 907ā911.
Hamburger J, Hoffman O, Kariuki CH, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Koech DK, Sturrock RF, King CH, 2004. Large-scale polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance of Schistosoma haematobium DNA in snails from transmission sites in coastal Kenya: a new tool for studying the dynamics of snail infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 765ā773.
King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki CH, Hamburger J, 2006. Transmission control for schistosomiasis. Why it matters now. Trends Parasitol 22: 575ā582.
Farid HA, Morsy ZS, Helmy H, Ramzy RM, El Setouhy M, Weil GJ, 2007. A critical appraisal of molecular xenomonitoring as a tool for assessing progress toward elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 593ā600.
Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T, 2000. Loop mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 28: e63iāvii.
Poon LL, Wong BW, Ma EH, Chan KH, Chow LM, Abeyewickreme W, Tangpukdee N, Yuen KY, Guan Y, Looareesuwan S, Peiris JS, 2006. Sensitive and inexpensive molecular test for falciparum malaria: detecting Plasmodium falciparum DNA directly from heat-treated blood by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Clin Chem 52: 303ā306.
Xu J, Rong R, Zhang HQ, Shi CJ, Zhu XQ, Xia CM, 2010. Sensitive and rapid detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Int J Parasitol 40: 327ā331.
Mori Y, Nagamine K, Tomita N, Notomi T, 2001. Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289: 150ā154.
Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Henostroza G, Raqib R, Rahim Z, Gerhardt M, Sanga E, Hoelscher M, Notomi T, Hase T, Perkins MD, 2007. Operational feasibility of using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in microscopy centers in developing countries. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1936ā1940.
Smithers SR, Terry RJ, 1965. The infection of laboratory hosts with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the recovery of adult worms. Parasitology 55: 695ā700.
Sohni Y, Kanjilal S, Kapur V, 2008. performance of five commercial real-time PCR reagent systems using TaqMan assays for B. antracis detection. Clin Biochem 41: 640ā644.
Pontes LA, Oliveira MC, Katz N, Dias-Neto E, Rabello A, 2003. Comparison of a polymerase chain reaction and the Kato Katz technique for diagnosing infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 652ā656.
Wickman D, Panning M, Quack T, Kramme S, Burchard GD, Grevelding C, Drosten C, 2009. Diagnosing schistosomiasis by detection of cell-free parasite DNA in human plasma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e422.
Katholi CR, Toe L, Merriweathe A, Unnasch TR, 1995. Determining the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in vector populations by PCR screening of pools of black flies. J Infect Dis 172: 1414ā1417.
Yameogo L, Toe L, Hougard JM, Boatin BA, Unnasch TR, 1999. Pool screen polymerase chain reaction for estimating the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in Simulium damnosum sensu lato: results of a field trial in an area subject to successful vector control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 124ā128.
Helmy H, Fischer P, Farid HA, Bradley MH, Ramzy RM, 2004. Test strip detection of Wuchereria bancrofti amplified DNA in wild-caught Culex pipiens and estimation of infection rate by the PoolScreen algorithm. Trop Med Int Health 9: 158ā163.
Webster BL, Rollinson D, Stothard JR, Huyse T, 2010. Rapid diagnostic multiplex PCR (RD-PCR) to discriminate Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis. J Helminthol 84: 107ā114.
Weyher A, Phillips-Conroy J, Fischer K, Weil G, Chansa W, Fischer P, 2009. Molecular identification of Schistosoma mattheei from feces of Kinda (Papio cynocephalus kindae) and greyfoot baboons (Papio cynocephalus gryseipes) in Zambia. J Parasitol August 22. [Epub ahead of print].
Abbasi I, King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki C, Muchiri E, Hamburger J, 2007. Differentiation of Schistosoma haematobium from related schistosomes by PCR amplifying an inter-repeat sequence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 950ā955.
Webster JP, Davies CM, 2001. Coevolution and compatibility in the snail-schistosome system. Parasitology 123: S41āS56.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 56 | 56 | 12 |
Full Text Views | 638 | 282 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 253 | 63 | 0 |