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Acute Arboviral Infections in Guinea, West Africa, 2006
Emily S. Jentes
Emily S. Jentes
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Jaimie Robinson
Jaimie Robinson
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Barbara W. Johnson
Barbara W. Johnson
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Ibrahima Conde
Ibrahima Conde
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Yosse Sakouvougui
Yosse Sakouvougui
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Jennifer Iverson
Jennifer Iverson
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Shanna Beecher
Shanna Beecher
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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M. Alpha Bah
M. Alpha Bah
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Fousseny Diakite
Fousseny Diakite
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Mamadi Coulibaly
Mamadi Coulibaly
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Daniel G. Bausch
Daniel G. Bausch
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicales, N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Acute febrile illnesses comprise the majority of the human disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that arboviruses comprised a considerable proportion of undiagnosed febrile illnesses in Guinea and sought to determine the frequency of arboviral disease in two hospitals there. Using a standard case definition, 47 suspected cases were detected in approximately 4 months. Immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and plaque-reduction neutralization assays revealed that 63% (30/47) of patients were infected with arboviruses, including 11 West Nile, 2 yellow fever, 1 dengue, 8 chikungunya, and 5 Tahyna infections. Except for yellow fever, these are the first reported cases of human disease from these viruses in Guinea and the first reported cases of symptomatic Tahyna infection in Africa. These results strongly suggest that arboviruses circulate and are common causes of disease in Guinea. Improving surveillance and laboratory capacity for arbovirus diagnoses will be integral to understanding the burden posed by these agents in the region.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported, in part, by Tulane University Department of Tropical Medicine and CDC Cooperative Agreement Grant T01/CCT622308-02 and the Louisiana Vaccine Center and the South Louisiana Institute for Infectious Disease Research sponsored by the Louisiana Board of Regents.
Authors' addresses: Emily S. Jentes, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development and Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ejentes@cdc.gov. Jaimie Robinson, Barbara W. Johnson, Jennifer Iverson, and Shanna Beecher, Division of Vector Borne Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO. Ibrahima Conde, Yosse Sakouvougui, M. Alpha Bah, Fousseny Diakite, and Mamadi Coulibaly, Centre International de Recherche sur le Infections Tropicale, N'Zérékoré Regional Hospital, N'Zérékoré, Guinea. Daniel G. Bausch, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Campbell JD, Sow SO, Levine MM, Kotloff KL, 2004. The causes of hospital admission and death among children in Bamako, Mali. J Trop Pediatr 50: 158–163.
-
2.
Breman JG, 2001. The ears of the hippopotamus: manifestations, determinants, and estimates of the malaria burden. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64: 1–11.
-
3.
Krippner R, von Laer G, 2002. First confirmed dengue-1 fever cases reported from Cameroon. J Travel Med 9: 273–274.
-
4.
Ndip LM, Bouyer DH, Travassos Da Rosa APA, Titanji VPK, Tesh RB, Walker DH, 2004. Acute spotted fever rickettsiosis among febrile patients, Cameroon. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 432–437.
-
5.
Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, Saganda K, Shao J, Kitua A, Olomi R, Greenwood BM, Whitty CJ, 2004. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ 329: 1212.
-
6.
Nsutebu EF, Martins P, Adiogo D, 2003. Prevalence of typhoid fever in febrile patients with symptoms clinically compatible with typhoid fever in Cameroon. Trop Med Int Health 8: 575–578.
-
7.
Anonymous, 2006. Yellow fever situation in Africa and South America, 2005. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81: 317–324.
-
8.
Anonymous, 2001. Yellow Fever. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1–3.
-
9.
Griffin DE, 2007. Alphaviruses. Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkens, 1023–1067.
-
10.
Anonymous, 2003. Yellow fever vaccine: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 78: 349–359.
-
11.
Nathan N, Barry M, Van Herp M, Zeller H, 2001. Shortage of vaccines during a yellow fever outbreak in Guinea. Lancet 358: 2129–2130.
-
12.
Butenko AM, 1996. Arbovirus circulation in the Republic of Guinea. Med Parazitol (Mosk): 40–45.
-
13.
Ivanov AP, Ivanova OE, Lomonosov NN, Pozdnyakov SV, Konstantinov OK, Bah MA, 1992. Serological investigations of Chikungunya virus in the Republic of Guinea. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 72: 73–74.
-
14.
Powers AM, Logue CH, 2007. Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J Gen Virol 88: 2363–2377.
-
15.
Konstantinov OK, 1990. Ticks of the Ixodidae family as reservoir of arboviruses in the Republic of Guinea. II. Arboviruses. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 43: 15–22.
-
16.
Tkachenko EA, Butenko AM, Leshchinskaya EV, Bouaro I, Ivanov AP, Dzagurova TK, Sochinski VA, 1984. Serological investigation of population from the People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea for antibodies to viral haemorrhagic fevers. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Calgary, Canada September 16–22, 1984.
-
17.
Boiro MY, Lama N, Barry M, Diallo R, Morillon M, 1999. Cholera in Guinea: the 1994–1995 epidemic. Med Trop (Mars) 59: 303–306.
-
18.
Boiro I, Konstaninov OK, Numerov AD, 1987. Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from bats in the Republic of Guinea. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 80: 62–67.
-
19.
Boiro I, Lomonossov NN, Sotsinski VA, Constantinov OK, Tkachenko EA, Inapogui AP, Balde C, 1987. Clinico-epidemiologic and laboratory research on hemorrhagic fevers in Guinea. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 80: 607–612.
-
20.
Boiro I, Lomonossov NN, Alexin AF, Bah A, Balde C, 1986. Isolation of a new orbivirus Kindia (Palyam group) from ticks Amblyomma variegatum in the Republic of Guinea. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 79: 187–190.
-
21.
Boiro I, Lomonossov NN, Fidarov FM, Murzine SV, Linev NB, Camara LB, Bah A, 1985. Isolation of M'Poko virus (Turlock group, Bunyaviridae) from Culex cinereus mosquitoes in the Republic of Guinea. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 78: 452–455.
-
22.
Konstantinov OK, Buaro I, Chunina LM, Balde S, Murzin SV, 1988. Ticks of the family Ixodidae in Guinea and the isolation of arboviruses. 1. Species composition of ticks. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2: 64–68.
-
23.
Bausch DG, Demby AH, Coulibaly M, Kanu J, Goba A, Bah A, Conde N, Wurtzel HL, Cavallaro KF, Lloyd E, Baldet FB, Csse SD, Fofona D, Savane IK, Tolno RT, Mahy B, Wagoner KD, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Rollin PE, 2001. Lassa fever in Guinea: I. Epidemiology of human disease and clinical observations. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 1: 269–281.
-
24.
Martin DA, Biggerstaff BJ, Allen B, Johnson AJ, Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, 2002. Use of immunoglobulin m cross-reactions in differential diagnosis of human flaviviral encephalitis infections in the United States. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 9: 544–549.
-
25.
Martin DA, Muth DA, Brown T, Johnson AJ, Karabatsos N, Roehrig JT, 2000. Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1823–1826.
-
26.
Beaty B, Calisher C, Shope R, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette E, Lennette D, Lennette E, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 189–212.
-
27.
World Health Organization, 2007. Guidelines for Plaque Reduction Neutralizing Testing of Human Antibodies to Dengue Viruses. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
28.
Lindsey HS, Calisher CH, Mathews JH, 1976. Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. J Clin Microbiol 4: 503–510.
-
29.
Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, Dalrymple JM, Shope RE, Porterfield JS, Westaway EG, Brandt WE, 1989. Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. J Gen Virol 70: 37–43.
-
30.
Anonymous, 2005. The yellow fever situation in Africa and South America in 2004. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 80: 249–256.
-
31.
Anonymous, 2009. GAaR, ed. Outbreaks of Yellow Fever. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Konstantinov OK, Diallo SM, Inapogi AP, Ba A, Kamara SK, 2006. The mammals of Guinea as reservoirs and carriers of arboviruses. Med Parazitol (Mosk): 34–39.
-
33.
Paquet C, Quatresous I, Solet J-L, Sissoko D, Renault P, Pierre V, Cordel H, Lassalle C, Thiria J, Zeller H, Schuffnecker I, 2006. Épidémiologie de l'infection par le virus Chikungunya à l'Ile de la Réunion: point de la situation au 8 janvier 2006. Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomidaire, Special Issue, 31 January.
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