Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Colwell RR, 2004. Infectious disease and environment: cholera as a paradigm for waterborne disease. Int Microbiol 7: 285–289.
-
2.
Constantin de Magny G, Guegan JF, Petit M, Cazelles B, 2007. Regional-scale climate-variability synchrony of cholera epidemics in West Africa. BMC Infect Dis 7: 20. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-20
-
3.
Huq A, Sack RB, Nizam A, Longini IM, Nair GB, Ali A, Morris JG Jr, Khan MN, Siddique AK, Yunus M, Albert MJ, Sack DA, Colwell RR, 2005. Critical factors influencing the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the environment of Bangladesh. Appl Environ Microbiol 71: 4645–4654.
-
4.
Lobitz B, Beck L, Huq A, Wood B, Fuchs G, Faruque AS, Colwell R, 2000. Climate and infectious disease: use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 1438–1443.
-
5.
Paz S, Broza M, 2007. Wind direction and its linkage with Vibrio cholerae dissemination. Environ Health Perspect 115: 195–200.
-
6.
Mintz ED, Guerrant RL, 2009. A lion in our village—the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in Africa. N Engl J Med 360: 1060–1063.
-
7.
Birmingham ME, Lee LA, Ndayimirije N, Nkurikiye S, Hersh BS, Wells JG, Deming MS, 1997. Epidemic cholera in Burundi: patterns of transmission in the Great Rift Valley Lake region. Lancet 349: 981–985.
-
8.
Bompangue D, Giraudoux P, Handschumacher P, Piarroux M, Sudre B, Ekwanzala M, Kebela I, Piarroux R, 2008. Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 798–800.
-
9.
Shapiro RL, Otieno MR, Adcock PM, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Kumar L, Waiyaki P, Nahlen BL, Slutsker L, 1999. Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 271–276.
-
10.
Albright TP, Moorhouse TG, McNabb TJ, 2004. The rise and fall of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria and the Kagera River Basin, 1989–2001. J Aquat Plant Manage 42: 73–84.
-
11.
Lake Victoria Basin Commission, 2008. Studies on Rapid Assessment of the Ecological Succession and the Dynamic Status of Water Hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya: Report to Lake Victoria Basin Commission.
-
12.
World Health Organization, 2008. Cholera. Number of Cases: WHO. Available at: http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/. Accessed November 23, 2009.
-
13.
Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001. 1999 Population and Housing Census. Volume 1: Population Distribution by Administrative Areas and Urban Centers. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 2004. Cholera Outbreak: Assessing the Outbreak Response and Improving Preparedness. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
National Climactic Data Center, 2009. Federal Climate Complex, Global Surface Summary of Day Data, Version 7: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Available at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/res40.pl?page=gsod.html. Accessed February 20, 2010.
-
16.
Shikanga OT, Mutonga D, Abade M, Amwayi S, Ope M, Limo H, Mintz ED, Quick RE, Breiman RF, Feikin DR, 2009. High mortality in a cholera outbreak in western Kenya after post-election violence in 2008. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 1085–1090.
-
17.
Bhanumathi R, Sabeena F, Isac SR, Shukla BN, Singh DV, 2003. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from water and the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India. Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 2389–2394.
-
18.
Spira WM, Huq A, Ahmed QS, Saeed YA, 1981. Uptake of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor from contaminated water by water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). Appl Environ Microbiol 42: 550–553.
-
19.
Mugoya I, Kariuki S, Galgalo T, Njuguna C, Omollo J, Njoroge J, Kalani R, Nzioka C, Tetteh C, Bedno S, Breiman RF, Feikin DR, 2008. Rapid spread of Vibrio cholerae O1 throughout Kenya, 2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 527–533.
-
20.
Olago D, Marshall M, Wandiga SO, Opondo M, Yanda PZ, Kanalawe R, Githeko AK, Downs T, Opere A, Kavumvuli R, Kirumira E, Ogallo L, Mugambi P, Apindi E, Githui F, Kathuri J, Olaka L, Sigalla R, Nanyunja R, Baguma T, Achola P, 2007. Climatic, socio-economic, and health factors affecting human vulnerability to cholera in the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa. Ambio 36: 350–358.
-
21.
Islam MS, Drasar BS, Bradley DJ, 1990. Survival of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 with a common duckweed, Lemna minor, in artificial aquatic ecosystems. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84: 422–424.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 48 | 48 | 9 |
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Does Water Hyacinth on East African Lakes Promote Cholera Outbreaks?
Daniel R. Feikin
Daniel R. Feikin
International Emerging Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Collins W. Tabu
Collins W. Tabu
International Emerging Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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John Gichuki
John Gichuki
International Emerging Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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PubMed
Cholera outbreaks continue to occur regularly in Africa. Cholera has been associated with proximity to lakes in East Africa, and Vibrio cholerae has been found experimentally to concentrate on the floating aquatic plant, water hyacinth, which is periodically widespread in East African lakes since the late 1980s. From 1994 to 2008, Nyanza Province, which is the Kenyan province bordering Lake Victoria, accounted for a larger proportion of cholera cases than expected by its population size (38.7% of cholera cases versus 15.3% of national population). Yearly water-hyacinth coverage on the Kenyan section of Lake Victoria was positively associated with the number of cholera cases reported in Nyanza Province (r = 0.83; P = 0.0010). Water hyacinth on freshwater lakes might play a role in initiating cholera outbreaks and causing sporadic disease in East Africa.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Daniel Feikin and Collins Tabu, KEMRI/CDC, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu Kenya, E-mails: dfeikin@ke.cdc.gov and ctabu@ke.cdc.gov. John Gichuki, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 1881, Kisumu, Kenya, E-mail: gichukij@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Colwell RR, 2004. Infectious disease and environment: cholera as a paradigm for waterborne disease. Int Microbiol 7: 285–289.
-
2.
Constantin de Magny G, Guegan JF, Petit M, Cazelles B, 2007. Regional-scale climate-variability synchrony of cholera epidemics in West Africa. BMC Infect Dis 7: 20. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-7-20
-
3.
Huq A, Sack RB, Nizam A, Longini IM, Nair GB, Ali A, Morris JG Jr, Khan MN, Siddique AK, Yunus M, Albert MJ, Sack DA, Colwell RR, 2005. Critical factors influencing the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the environment of Bangladesh. Appl Environ Microbiol 71: 4645–4654.
-
4.
Lobitz B, Beck L, Huq A, Wood B, Fuchs G, Faruque AS, Colwell R, 2000. Climate and infectious disease: use of remote sensing for detection of Vibrio cholerae by indirect measurement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 1438–1443.
-
5.
Paz S, Broza M, 2007. Wind direction and its linkage with Vibrio cholerae dissemination. Environ Health Perspect 115: 195–200.
-
6.
Mintz ED, Guerrant RL, 2009. A lion in our village—the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in Africa. N Engl J Med 360: 1060–1063.
-
7.
Birmingham ME, Lee LA, Ndayimirije N, Nkurikiye S, Hersh BS, Wells JG, Deming MS, 1997. Epidemic cholera in Burundi: patterns of transmission in the Great Rift Valley Lake region. Lancet 349: 981–985.
-
8.
Bompangue D, Giraudoux P, Handschumacher P, Piarroux M, Sudre B, Ekwanzala M, Kebela I, Piarroux R, 2008. Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 798–800.
-
9.
Shapiro RL, Otieno MR, Adcock PM, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Kumar L, Waiyaki P, Nahlen BL, Slutsker L, 1999. Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 271–276.
-
10.
Albright TP, Moorhouse TG, McNabb TJ, 2004. The rise and fall of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria and the Kagera River Basin, 1989–2001. J Aquat Plant Manage 42: 73–84.
-
11.
Lake Victoria Basin Commission, 2008. Studies on Rapid Assessment of the Ecological Succession and the Dynamic Status of Water Hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya: Report to Lake Victoria Basin Commission.
-
12.
World Health Organization, 2008. Cholera. Number of Cases: WHO. Available at: http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/. Accessed November 23, 2009.
-
13.
Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001. 1999 Population and Housing Census. Volume 1: Population Distribution by Administrative Areas and Urban Centers. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 2004. Cholera Outbreak: Assessing the Outbreak Response and Improving Preparedness. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
National Climactic Data Center, 2009. Federal Climate Complex, Global Surface Summary of Day Data, Version 7: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Available at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/res40.pl?page=gsod.html. Accessed February 20, 2010.
-
16.
Shikanga OT, Mutonga D, Abade M, Amwayi S, Ope M, Limo H, Mintz ED, Quick RE, Breiman RF, Feikin DR, 2009. High mortality in a cholera outbreak in western Kenya after post-election violence in 2008. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 1085–1090.
-
17.
Bhanumathi R, Sabeena F, Isac SR, Shukla BN, Singh DV, 2003. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from water and the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India. Appl Environ Microbiol 69: 2389–2394.
-
18.
Spira WM, Huq A, Ahmed QS, Saeed YA, 1981. Uptake of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor from contaminated water by water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). Appl Environ Microbiol 42: 550–553.
-
19.
Mugoya I, Kariuki S, Galgalo T, Njuguna C, Omollo J, Njoroge J, Kalani R, Nzioka C, Tetteh C, Bedno S, Breiman RF, Feikin DR, 2008. Rapid spread of Vibrio cholerae O1 throughout Kenya, 2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 527–533.
-
20.
Olago D, Marshall M, Wandiga SO, Opondo M, Yanda PZ, Kanalawe R, Githeko AK, Downs T, Opere A, Kavumvuli R, Kirumira E, Ogallo L, Mugambi P, Apindi E, Githui F, Kathuri J, Olaka L, Sigalla R, Nanyunja R, Baguma T, Achola P, 2007. Climatic, socio-economic, and health factors affecting human vulnerability to cholera in the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa. Ambio 36: 350–358.
-
21.
Islam MS, Drasar BS, Bradley DJ, 1990. Survival of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 with a common duckweed, Lemna minor, in artificial aquatic ecosystems. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84: 422–424.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 48 | 48 | 9 |
| Full Text Views | 435 | 193 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 147 | 60 | 0 |