Efficacy of Miltefosine for the Treatment of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Iván Vélez Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia; Grupo de epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

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Liliana López Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia; Grupo de epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

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Ximena Sánchez Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia; Grupo de epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

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Laureano Mestra Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia; Grupo de epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

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Carlos Rojas Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia; Grupo de epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

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Erwin Rodríguez Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia; Grupo de epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

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Miltefosine is an oral agent used for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment. An open-label, randomized, phase III clinical trial was carried out in the Colombian army population. Miltefosine, 50 mg capsule was taken orally three times per day for 28 days (N = 145) or meglumine antimoniate, 20 mg/kg body weight per day for 20 days by intramuscular injection (N = 143). The efficacy of miltefosine by protocol was 69.8% (85/122 patients) and 58.6% (85/145 patients) by intention to treat. For meglumine antimoniate, the efficacy by protocol was 85.1% (103/121 patients) and 72% (103/143 patients) by intention to treat. No association was found between drug efficacy and L. (V.) braziliensis or L. (V.) panamensis species of Leishmania responsible for infection. Adverse gastrointestinal events were associated with the use of miltefosine, the meglumine antimoniate treatment was associated with adverse effects on the skeletal musculature, fever, cephalea, and higher toxicity in kidney, liver, pancreas, and hematological system.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Iván Vélez, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET – Calle 62 No. 52-59, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, A1226, Colombia. E-mail: idvelez@pecet-colombia.org

Financial support: The study was financed by the Ministerio de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia, which did not participate in the design, execution and/or reporting of the study.

Authors' addresses: Iván Vélez, Liliana López, and Laureano Mestra, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, E-mails: idvelez@pecet-colombia.org, lililop14@yahoo.com, and laureanomestra@gmail.com. Ximena Sánchez and Erwin Rodríguez, Dirección de Sanidad, DISAN, Ejército de Colombia, E-mails: ximsan@hotmail.com and erroga@yahoo.com. Carlos Rojas, Grupo de Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, E-mail: crojas@guajiros.udea.edu.co.

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