Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman

Angela F. Harris The Mosquito Research and Control Unit, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies; Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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Shavanthi Rajatileka The Mosquito Research and Control Unit, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies; Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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Hilary Ranson The Mosquito Research and Control Unit, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, British West Indies; Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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The Grand Cayman population of Aedes aegypti is highly resistant to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Glutathione transferase, cytochrome P450, and esterase levels were increased in the Grand Cayman population relative to a susceptible laboratory strain, but synergist studies did not implicate elevated insecticide detoxification as a major cause of resistance. The role of target site resistance was therefore investigated. Two substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel were identified, V1016I in domain II, segment 6 (IIS6) (allele frequency = 0.79) and F1534C in IIIS6 (allele frequency = 0.68). The role of the F1534C mutation in conferring resistance to insecticides has not been previously established and so a tetraplex polymerase chain reaction assay was designed and used to genotype mosquitoes that had been exposed to insecticides. The F1534C mutation was strongly correlated with resistance to DDT and permethrin.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Hilary Ranson, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom. E-mail: Hranson@liverpool.ac.uk

Financial support: This work was partially funded by Adapco, Bayer Environmental Science and Central Life Sciences. We thank William Petrie (Director, MRCU), Alan Wheeler and the staff at the MRCU, Grand Cayman. Thanks also to Evangelia Morou and Patricia Penilla for advice on the biochemical assays.

Authors' addresses: Angela F. Harris, Mosquito Research and Control Unit 99, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, E-mail: angela.harris@gov.ky. Shavanthi Rajatileka and Hilary Ranson, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK, E-mails: Msc1sr@liv.ac.uk and Hranson@liverpool.ac.uk.

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