Gubler DJ, 2002. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res 33: 330ā342.
Brown AW, 1986. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a pragmatic review. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 123ā140.
Mekuria Y, Gwinn TA, Williams DC, Tidwell MA, 1991. Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti from Santo-Domingo, Dominican-Republic. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7: 69ā72.
Rawlins SC, Wan JO, 1995. Resistance in some Caribbean populations of Aedes aegypti to several insecticides. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 11: 59ā65.
Rawlins SC, 1998. Spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in Caribbean populations of Aedes aegypti and its significance. Rev Panam Salud Publica 4: 243ā251.
Wirth MC, Georghiou GP, 1999. Selection and characterization of temephos resistance in a population of Aedes aegypti from Tortola, British Virgin Islands. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15: 315ā320.
Rodriguez MM, Bisset J, De Fernandez DM, Lauzan L, Soca A, 2001. Detection of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba and Venezuela. J Med Entomol 38: 623ā628.
Hemingway J, Boddington RG, Harris J, Dunbar SJ, 1989. Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera, Culicidae) from Puerto-Rico. Bull Entomol Res 79: 123ā130.
Brengues C, Hawkes NJ, Chandre F, McCarroll L, Duchon S, Guillet P, Manguin S, Morgan JC, Hemingway J, 2003. Pyrethroid and DDT cross-resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Med Vet Entomol 17: 87ā94.
Vaughan A, Chadee DD, Ffrench-Constant R, 1998. Biochemical monitoring of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Trinidad. Med Vet Entomol 12: 318ā321.
Strode C, Wondji CS, David JP, Hawkes NJ, Lumjuan N, Nelson DR, Drane DR, Karunaratne S, Hemingway J, Black WC, Ranson H, 2008. Genomic analysis of detoxification genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 38: 113ā123.
Marcombe S, Poupardin R, Darriet F, Reynaud S, Bonnet J, Strode C, Brengues C, Yebakima A, Ranson H, Corbel V, David JP, 2009. Exploring the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti: a case study in Martinique Island (French West Indies). BMC Genomics 10: 494.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Rajatileka S, Moulton M, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Bisset J, Rodriguez M, McCall PJ, Donnelly MJ, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC, 2007. A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Latin American Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 16: 785ā798.
Chang C, Shen WK, Wang TT, Lin YH, Hsu EL, Dai SM, 2009. A novel amino acid substitution in a voltage-gated sodium channel is associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin in Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 39: 272ā278.
Coto MM, Lazcano JA, De Fernandez DM, Soca A, 2000. Malathion resistance in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus after its use in Aedes aegypti control programs. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16: 324ā330.
WHO, 2005. Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicides. WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2005.13.
Penilla RP, Rodriguez AD, Hemingway J, Torres JL, Arredondo-Jimenez JI, Rodriguez MH, 1998. Resistance management strategies in malaria vector mosquito control. Baseline data for a large-scale field trial against Anopheles albimanus in Mexico. Med Vet Entomol 12: 217ā233.
Livak KJ, 1984. Organization and mapping of a sequence on the drosophila-melanogaster X-chromosome and Y-chromosome that is transcribed during spermatogenesis. Genetics 107: 611ā634.
Rajatileka S, Black WC IV, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Trongtokit Y, Apiwathnasorn C, McCall PJ, Ranson H, 2008. Development and application of a simple colorimetric assay reveals widespread distribution of sodium channel mutations in Thai populations of Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 108: 54ā57.
Rousset F, 2008. GENEPOP'007: a complete re-implementation of the GENEPOP software for Windows and Linux. Molecular Ecology Resources 8: 103ā106.
Williamson MS, Martinez-Torres D, Hick CA, Devonshire AL, 1996. Identification of mutations in the housefly para-type sodium channel gene associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. Mol Gen Genet 252: 51ā60.
Martinez-Torres D, Chandre F, Williamson MS, Darriet F, Berge JB, Devonshire AL, Guillet P, Pasteur N, Pauron D, 1998. Molecular characterization of pyrethroid knockdown resistance (kdr) in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol 7: 179ā184.
Brown AW, Pal R, 1971. Insecticide resistance in arthropods. Public Health Pap 38: 1ā491.
Khot AC, Bingham G, Field LM, Moores GD, 2008. A novel assay reveals the blockade of esterases by piperonyl butoxide. Pest Manag Sci 64: 1139ā1142.
Sun YP, Johnson ER, 1960. Synergistic and antagonistic actions of insecticide-synergist combinations and their mode of action. J Agric Food Chem 8: 261ā266.
Lumjuan N, McCarroll L, Prapanthadara LA, Hemingway J, Ranson H, 2005. Elevated activity of an Epsilon class glutathione transferase confers DDT resistance in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35: 861ā871.
Ponce GarcĆa G, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Reyes-Solis G, Lozano-Fuentes S, Bond JG, Casas-MartĆnez M, Ramsay JM, GarcĆa-Rejón J, DomĆnguez-Galera M, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Eisen L, Black WC IV, 2009. Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e531.
O'Reilly AO, Khambay BP, Williamson MS, Field LM, Wallace BA, Davies TG, 2006. Modelling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Biochem J 396: 255ā263.
He HQ, Chen AC, Davey RB, Ivie GW, George JE, 1999. Identification of a point mutation in the para-type sodium channel gene from a pyrethroid-resistant cattle tick. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 261: 558ā561.
Tsagkarakou A, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Ilias A, Grispou M, Williamson MS, Tirry L, Vontas J, 2009. Identification of pyrethroid resistance associated mutations in the para sodium channel of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Insect Mol Biol 18: 583ā593.
Du Y, Lee JE, Nomura Y, Zhang TX, Zhorov BS, Dong K, 2009. Identification of a cluster of residues in transmembrane segment 6 of domain III of the cockroach sodium channel essential for the action of pyrethroid insecticides. Biochem J 419: 377ā385.
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The Grand Cayman population of Aedes aegypti is highly resistant to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Glutathione transferase, cytochrome P450, and esterase levels were increased in the Grand Cayman population relative to a susceptible laboratory strain, but synergist studies did not implicate elevated insecticide detoxification as a major cause of resistance. The role of target site resistance was therefore investigated. Two substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel were identified, V1016I in domain II, segment 6 (IIS6) (allele frequency = 0.79) and F1534C in IIIS6 (allele frequency = 0.68). The role of the F1534C mutation in conferring resistance to insecticides has not been previously established and so a tetraplex polymerase chain reaction assay was designed and used to genotype mosquitoes that had been exposed to insecticides. The F1534C mutation was strongly correlated with resistance to DDT and permethrin.
Financial support: This work was partially funded by Adapco, Bayer Environmental Science and Central Life Sciences. We thank William Petrie (Director, MRCU), Alan Wheeler and the staff at the MRCU, Grand Cayman. Thanks also to Evangelia Morou and Patricia Penilla for advice on the biochemical assays.
Authors' addresses: Angela F. Harris, Mosquito Research and Control Unit 99, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, E-mail: angela.harris@gov.ky. Shavanthi Rajatileka and Hilary Ranson, Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK, E-mails: Msc1sr@liv.ac.uk and Hranson@liverpool.ac.uk.
Gubler DJ, 2002. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch Med Res 33: 330ā342.
Brown AW, 1986. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a pragmatic review. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2: 123ā140.
Mekuria Y, Gwinn TA, Williams DC, Tidwell MA, 1991. Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti from Santo-Domingo, Dominican-Republic. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 7: 69ā72.
Rawlins SC, Wan JO, 1995. Resistance in some Caribbean populations of Aedes aegypti to several insecticides. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 11: 59ā65.
Rawlins SC, 1998. Spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in Caribbean populations of Aedes aegypti and its significance. Rev Panam Salud Publica 4: 243ā251.
Wirth MC, Georghiou GP, 1999. Selection and characterization of temephos resistance in a population of Aedes aegypti from Tortola, British Virgin Islands. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 15: 315ā320.
Rodriguez MM, Bisset J, De Fernandez DM, Lauzan L, Soca A, 2001. Detection of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba and Venezuela. J Med Entomol 38: 623ā628.
Hemingway J, Boddington RG, Harris J, Dunbar SJ, 1989. Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera, Culicidae) from Puerto-Rico. Bull Entomol Res 79: 123ā130.
Brengues C, Hawkes NJ, Chandre F, McCarroll L, Duchon S, Guillet P, Manguin S, Morgan JC, Hemingway J, 2003. Pyrethroid and DDT cross-resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. Med Vet Entomol 17: 87ā94.
Vaughan A, Chadee DD, Ffrench-Constant R, 1998. Biochemical monitoring of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Trinidad. Med Vet Entomol 12: 318ā321.
Strode C, Wondji CS, David JP, Hawkes NJ, Lumjuan N, Nelson DR, Drane DR, Karunaratne S, Hemingway J, Black WC, Ranson H, 2008. Genomic analysis of detoxification genes in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 38: 113ā123.
Marcombe S, Poupardin R, Darriet F, Reynaud S, Bonnet J, Strode C, Brengues C, Yebakima A, Ranson H, Corbel V, David JP, 2009. Exploring the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti: a case study in Martinique Island (French West Indies). BMC Genomics 10: 494.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Rajatileka S, Moulton M, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Bisset J, Rodriguez M, McCall PJ, Donnelly MJ, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC, 2007. A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Latin American Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 16: 785ā798.
Chang C, Shen WK, Wang TT, Lin YH, Hsu EL, Dai SM, 2009. A novel amino acid substitution in a voltage-gated sodium channel is associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin in Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 39: 272ā278.
Coto MM, Lazcano JA, De Fernandez DM, Soca A, 2000. Malathion resistance in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus after its use in Aedes aegypti control programs. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16: 324ā330.
WHO, 2005. Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicides. WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2005.13.
Penilla RP, Rodriguez AD, Hemingway J, Torres JL, Arredondo-Jimenez JI, Rodriguez MH, 1998. Resistance management strategies in malaria vector mosquito control. Baseline data for a large-scale field trial against Anopheles albimanus in Mexico. Med Vet Entomol 12: 217ā233.
Livak KJ, 1984. Organization and mapping of a sequence on the drosophila-melanogaster X-chromosome and Y-chromosome that is transcribed during spermatogenesis. Genetics 107: 611ā634.
Rajatileka S, Black WC IV, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Trongtokit Y, Apiwathnasorn C, McCall PJ, Ranson H, 2008. Development and application of a simple colorimetric assay reveals widespread distribution of sodium channel mutations in Thai populations of Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 108: 54ā57.
Rousset F, 2008. GENEPOP'007: a complete re-implementation of the GENEPOP software for Windows and Linux. Molecular Ecology Resources 8: 103ā106.
Williamson MS, Martinez-Torres D, Hick CA, Devonshire AL, 1996. Identification of mutations in the housefly para-type sodium channel gene associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. Mol Gen Genet 252: 51ā60.
Martinez-Torres D, Chandre F, Williamson MS, Darriet F, Berge JB, Devonshire AL, Guillet P, Pasteur N, Pauron D, 1998. Molecular characterization of pyrethroid knockdown resistance (kdr) in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Insect Mol Biol 7: 179ā184.
Brown AW, Pal R, 1971. Insecticide resistance in arthropods. Public Health Pap 38: 1ā491.
Khot AC, Bingham G, Field LM, Moores GD, 2008. A novel assay reveals the blockade of esterases by piperonyl butoxide. Pest Manag Sci 64: 1139ā1142.
Sun YP, Johnson ER, 1960. Synergistic and antagonistic actions of insecticide-synergist combinations and their mode of action. J Agric Food Chem 8: 261ā266.
Lumjuan N, McCarroll L, Prapanthadara LA, Hemingway J, Ranson H, 2005. Elevated activity of an Epsilon class glutathione transferase confers DDT resistance in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35: 861ā871.
Ponce GarcĆa G, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Reyes-Solis G, Lozano-Fuentes S, Bond JG, Casas-MartĆnez M, Ramsay JM, GarcĆa-Rejón J, DomĆnguez-Galera M, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Eisen L, Black WC IV, 2009. Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e531.
O'Reilly AO, Khambay BP, Williamson MS, Field LM, Wallace BA, Davies TG, 2006. Modelling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Biochem J 396: 255ā263.
He HQ, Chen AC, Davey RB, Ivie GW, George JE, 1999. Identification of a point mutation in the para-type sodium channel gene from a pyrethroid-resistant cattle tick. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 261: 558ā561.
Tsagkarakou A, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Ilias A, Grispou M, Williamson MS, Tirry L, Vontas J, 2009. Identification of pyrethroid resistance associated mutations in the para sodium channel of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Insect Mol Biol 18: 583ā593.
Du Y, Lee JE, Nomura Y, Zhang TX, Zhorov BS, Dong K, 2009. Identification of a cluster of residues in transmembrane segment 6 of domain III of the cockroach sodium channel essential for the action of pyrethroid insecticides. Biochem J 419: 377ā385.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 88 | 88 | 25 |
Full Text Views | 890 | 470 | 2 |
PDF Downloads | 376 | 120 | 0 |