World Health Organization, 2008. World Malaria Report 2008, WHO/HTM/GMP/2008.1. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in the Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1: 147–154.
World Health Organization, 2006: Geneva. Available at: http://www.who.int/countries/gha/news/2006/anti.malaria.drug.policy.
Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (GMICS), 2006. Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pub_details.
Koram KA, Owusu-Agyei S, Fryauff DJ, Anto F, Hodgson A, Atuguba F, Hoffman SL, Nkrumah FK, 2003. Seasonal profiles of malaria infection, anemia, and bednet use among age groups and communities in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 8: 793–802.
Appawu M, Owusu-Agyei S, Dadzie S, Asoala V, Anto F, Koram K, Rogers W, Nkrumah FK, Hoffman SL, Fryauff DJ, 2004. Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northeastern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccine. Trop Med Int Health 9: 164–170.
Owusu-Agyei S, Awini E, Anto F, Mensah-Afful T, Adjuik M, Hodgson A, Afari E, Binka F, 2007. Assessing malaria control in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana through repeated surveys using the RBM tools. Malar J 6: 103–110.
Oduro AR, Koram KA, Rogers W, Atuguba F, Ansah P, Anyorigiya T, Ansah A, Anto F, Mensah N, Hodgson A, Nkrumah F, 2007. Severe falciparum malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana. Malar J 6: 1–7.
The Population Council, 2008. Frontiers in Reproductive Health. Program Brief No. 11. Available at: http://popcouncil.org/frontiers.
Cleland JG, van Ginneken JK, 1988. Maternal education and child survival in developing countries: the search for pathways of influence. Soc Sci Med 27: 1357–1368.
Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, 2003. (GDHS). Available at: http://measuredhs.com.
Roll Back Malaria, 2000. The African Summit on Roll Back Malaria, Abuja, Nigeria. WHO/CDS/RBM/200017. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Brabin BJ, Agbaje SOF, Ahmed Y, Briggs ND, 1999. A birthweight nomogram for Africa as a malaria-control indicator. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: S43–S57.
Kayentao K, Kodio M, Newman RD, Maiga H, Doumtabe D, Ongoiba A, Coulibaly D, Keita AS, Maiga B, Mungai M, Parise ME, Doumbo O, 2005. Comparison of intermittent preventive treatment with chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in Mali. J Infect Dis 191: 109–116.
Kabyemela ER, Fried M, Kurtis JD, Mutabingwa TK, Duffy PE, 2008. Fetal responses during placental malaria modify the risk of low birth weight. Infect Immun 76: 1527–1534.
Adebami OJ, Gowa JA, Oyedeji GA, Oyelami OA, Omoniyi-Esan GO, 2007. Associations between placental and cord blood malaria infection and fetal malnutrition in an area of malaria holoendemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 209–213.
Shulman CE, Graham WJ, Jilo H, Lowe BS, New L, Obiero J, Snow RW, Marsh K, 1998. Malaria is an important cause of anaemia in primigravidae: evidence from a district hospital in coastal Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 535–539.
Shulman CE, 1999. Malaria in pregnancy: its relevance to safe-motherhood programmes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: S59–S66.
Parise ME, Ayisi JG, Nahlen BL, Schultz LJ, Roberts JM, Misore A, Muga R, Oloo AJ, Steketee RW, 1998. Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of placental malaria in an area of Kenya with a high prevalence of malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 813–822.
Staalsoe T, Shulman CE, Dorman EK, Kawuondo K, Marsh K, Hviid L, 2004. Intermittent preventive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment of primigravidae reduces levels of plasma immunoglobulin G, which protects against pregnancy-associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Inf Imm 72: 5027–5030.
Sirima SB, Cotte AH, Konate A, Moran AC, Asamoa K, Bougouma EC, Diarra A, Ouedraogo A, Parise ME, Newman RD, 2006. Malaria prevention during pregnancy: assessing the disease burden one year after implementing a program of intermittent preventive treatment in Koupela District, Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 205–211.
Gill CJ, Macleod WB, Mwanakasale V, Chalwae V, Mwananyanda L, Champo D, Mukwamataba D, Chilengi R, Thea DM, Hamer DH, 2007. Inferiority of single-dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive therapy for malaria during pregnancy among HIV-positive Zambian women. J Infect Dis 196: 1577–1584.
ter Kuile FO, Steketee RW, 2007. Intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy: seeking information on optimal dosing frequency. J Infect Dis 196: 1575–1576.
de Alarcon PA, Johnson MC, Werner EJ, 2005. Erythropoiesis, red cells, and the approach to anemia. de Alarcon PA, Werner EJ, eds. Neonatal Hematology. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 40–57.
Verhoeff FH, Brabin L, Chimsuku L, Kazembe P, Broadhead RL, 1999. Malaria in pregnancy and its consequences for the infant in rural Malawi. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: S25–S33.
Brabin BJ, Kalanda BF, Verhoeff FH, Chimsuku LH, Broadhead RL, 2004. Risk factors for foetal anaemia in a malarious area of Malawi. Ann Trop Paediatr 24: 311–321.
Uneke CJ, Iyare FE, Sunday-Adeoye H, Ajayi JA, 2008. Evaluation of maternal malaria at childbirth using rapid diagnostic test and its relationship with birth weight and fetal hemoglobin levels in Nigeria. Internet J Gynecology and Obstetrics 10: 2–7.
Brabin BJ, 1992. Fetal anaemia in malarious areas: its causes and significance. Ann Trop Paediatr 12: 303–310.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 28 | 28 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 366 | 105 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 64 | 39 | 2 |
Demographics and health practices of 2,232 pregnant women in rural northeastern Ghana and characteristics of their 2,279 newborns were analyzed to determine benefits associated with intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp), antenatal care, and/or bed net use during pregnancy. More than half reported bed net use, 90% reported at least two antenatal care visits, and > 82% took at least one IPTp dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Most used a bed net and IPTp (45%) or IPTp alone (38%). Low birth weight (< 2,500 grams) characterized 18.3% of the newborns and was significantly associated with female sex, Nankam ethnicity, first-born status, and multiple births. Among newborns of primigravidae, IPTp was associated with a significantly greater birth weight, significantly fewer low birth weight newborns, improved hemoglobin levels, and less anemia. Babies of multigravidae derived no benefit to birth weight or hemoglobin level from single or multiple doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy. No differences or benefits were seen when a bed net was the only protective factor.
Financial support: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Contract #HHSN266200400016C and interagency agreement #Y1-AI-4866.
Authors' addresses: Abraham R. Oduro, Francis Anto, Frank Atuguba, Thomas Anyorigiya, Martin Adjuik, Patrick Ansah, and Abraham Hodgson, Navrongo Health Research Center, Navrongo, Ghana. David J. Fryauff and William O. Rogers, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, E-mail: david.fryauff@med.navy.mil. Kwadwo A. Koram and Francis Nkrumah, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
World Health Organization, 2008. World Malaria Report 2008, WHO/HTM/GMP/2008.1. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Binka FN, Kubaje A, Adjuik M, Williams LA, Lengeler C, Maude GH, Armah GE, Kajihara B, Adiamah JH, Smith PG, 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in the Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health 1: 147–154.
World Health Organization, 2006: Geneva. Available at: http://www.who.int/countries/gha/news/2006/anti.malaria.drug.policy.
Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (GMICS), 2006. Available at: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pub_details.
Koram KA, Owusu-Agyei S, Fryauff DJ, Anto F, Hodgson A, Atuguba F, Hoffman SL, Nkrumah FK, 2003. Seasonal profiles of malaria infection, anemia, and bednet use among age groups and communities in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 8: 793–802.
Appawu M, Owusu-Agyei S, Dadzie S, Asoala V, Anto F, Koram K, Rogers W, Nkrumah FK, Hoffman SL, Fryauff DJ, 2004. Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northeastern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccine. Trop Med Int Health 9: 164–170.
Owusu-Agyei S, Awini E, Anto F, Mensah-Afful T, Adjuik M, Hodgson A, Afari E, Binka F, 2007. Assessing malaria control in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana through repeated surveys using the RBM tools. Malar J 6: 103–110.
Oduro AR, Koram KA, Rogers W, Atuguba F, Ansah P, Anyorigiya T, Ansah A, Anto F, Mensah N, Hodgson A, Nkrumah F, 2007. Severe falciparum malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana. Malar J 6: 1–7.
The Population Council, 2008. Frontiers in Reproductive Health. Program Brief No. 11. Available at: http://popcouncil.org/frontiers.
Cleland JG, van Ginneken JK, 1988. Maternal education and child survival in developing countries: the search for pathways of influence. Soc Sci Med 27: 1357–1368.
Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, 2003. (GDHS). Available at: http://measuredhs.com.
Roll Back Malaria, 2000. The African Summit on Roll Back Malaria, Abuja, Nigeria. WHO/CDS/RBM/200017. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Brabin BJ, Agbaje SOF, Ahmed Y, Briggs ND, 1999. A birthweight nomogram for Africa as a malaria-control indicator. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: S43–S57.
Kayentao K, Kodio M, Newman RD, Maiga H, Doumtabe D, Ongoiba A, Coulibaly D, Keita AS, Maiga B, Mungai M, Parise ME, Doumbo O, 2005. Comparison of intermittent preventive treatment with chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in Mali. J Infect Dis 191: 109–116.
Kabyemela ER, Fried M, Kurtis JD, Mutabingwa TK, Duffy PE, 2008. Fetal responses during placental malaria modify the risk of low birth weight. Infect Immun 76: 1527–1534.
Adebami OJ, Gowa JA, Oyedeji GA, Oyelami OA, Omoniyi-Esan GO, 2007. Associations between placental and cord blood malaria infection and fetal malnutrition in an area of malaria holoendemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 209–213.
Shulman CE, Graham WJ, Jilo H, Lowe BS, New L, Obiero J, Snow RW, Marsh K, 1998. Malaria is an important cause of anaemia in primigravidae: evidence from a district hospital in coastal Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 535–539.
Shulman CE, 1999. Malaria in pregnancy: its relevance to safe-motherhood programmes. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: S59–S66.
Parise ME, Ayisi JG, Nahlen BL, Schultz LJ, Roberts JM, Misore A, Muga R, Oloo AJ, Steketee RW, 1998. Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for prevention of placental malaria in an area of Kenya with a high prevalence of malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 813–822.
Staalsoe T, Shulman CE, Dorman EK, Kawuondo K, Marsh K, Hviid L, 2004. Intermittent preventive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment of primigravidae reduces levels of plasma immunoglobulin G, which protects against pregnancy-associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Inf Imm 72: 5027–5030.
Sirima SB, Cotte AH, Konate A, Moran AC, Asamoa K, Bougouma EC, Diarra A, Ouedraogo A, Parise ME, Newman RD, 2006. Malaria prevention during pregnancy: assessing the disease burden one year after implementing a program of intermittent preventive treatment in Koupela District, Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 205–211.
Gill CJ, Macleod WB, Mwanakasale V, Chalwae V, Mwananyanda L, Champo D, Mukwamataba D, Chilengi R, Thea DM, Hamer DH, 2007. Inferiority of single-dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive therapy for malaria during pregnancy among HIV-positive Zambian women. J Infect Dis 196: 1577–1584.
ter Kuile FO, Steketee RW, 2007. Intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy: seeking information on optimal dosing frequency. J Infect Dis 196: 1575–1576.
de Alarcon PA, Johnson MC, Werner EJ, 2005. Erythropoiesis, red cells, and the approach to anemia. de Alarcon PA, Werner EJ, eds. Neonatal Hematology. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 40–57.
Verhoeff FH, Brabin L, Chimsuku L, Kazembe P, Broadhead RL, 1999. Malaria in pregnancy and its consequences for the infant in rural Malawi. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: S25–S33.
Brabin BJ, Kalanda BF, Verhoeff FH, Chimsuku LH, Broadhead RL, 2004. Risk factors for foetal anaemia in a malarious area of Malawi. Ann Trop Paediatr 24: 311–321.
Uneke CJ, Iyare FE, Sunday-Adeoye H, Ajayi JA, 2008. Evaluation of maternal malaria at childbirth using rapid diagnostic test and its relationship with birth weight and fetal hemoglobin levels in Nigeria. Internet J Gynecology and Obstetrics 10: 2–7.
Brabin BJ, 1992. Fetal anaemia in malarious areas: its causes and significance. Ann Trop Paediatr 12: 303–310.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 28 | 28 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 366 | 105 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 64 | 39 | 2 |