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Indigenous Plasmodium ovale Malaria in Bangladesh
In spite of the high prevalence of malaria in Southeastern Bangladesh, there remains a significant shortage of information regarding the presence of three of five human malaria parasites: Plasmodium ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. The presence of P. ovale and P. knowlesi has previously never been reported from Bangladesh. We used a genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction, targeting highly conserved regions of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, to investigate the presence of malaria parasites in a total number of 379 patient samples in a survey of patients with febrile illnesses in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Southeastern Bangladesh. We identified the first cases of P. ovale in Bangladesh. They were confirmed by sequence analysis; 189 of 379 samples (49.9%; 95% confidence interval = 44.9–54.9%) were positive for Plasmodium sp. by PCR. P. falciparum monoinfections accounted for 68.3% (61.3–74.5%), followed by P. vivax (15.3%; 10.9–21.2%), P. malariae (1.6%; 0.5–4.6%), P. ovale (1.6%; 0.5–4.6%), and mixed infections (13.2%; 9.1–18.8%). We found no evidence of P. knowlesi in this region.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Peter Starzengruber, Paul Swoboda, Julia Matt, Benedikt Ley, Kamala Thriemer, Julia Walochnik, and Harald Noedl, Department of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, E-mail: harald.noedl@meduniwien.ac.at. Wasif Ali Khan and Rashidul Haque, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Emran Bin Yunus, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Shah Monir Hossain, Directorate General of Health Services, Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh.