Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
OEPA, 2008. Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas. Available at: http://www.oepa.net/index.html. Accessed November 15, 2009.
-
2.
Vásquez-Castellanos JL, 1991. Cafeticultura e historia social de la oncocercosis en el Soconusco, estado de Chiapas, México. Salud Publica Mex 33: 124–135.
-
3.
Pardo R, 1927. A Propósito de los ciegos de Tiltepec. Gac Med Mex 58: 195.
-
4.
World Health Organization, 2001. Certification of Elimination of Human Onchocerciasis: Criteria and Procedures. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
5.
Lindblade KA, Arana B, Zea-Flores G, Rizzo N, Porter CH, Dominguez A, Cruz-Ortiz N, Unnasch TR, Punkosdy GA, Richards J, Sauerbrey M, Castro J, Catu E, Oliva O, Richards FO Jr, 2007. Elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 334–341.
-
6.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Lilley BG, Domínguez-Vázquez A Segura-Arenas R, Lizarazo-Ortega C, Mendoza-Herrera A, Reyes-Villanueva F, Unnasch TR, 2004. Polymerase chain reaction monitoring of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in two endemic states in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 38–45.
-
7.
Walsh JF, Davies JB, Le Berre LE, Garms R, 1978. Standardization of criteria for assessing the effects of Simulium control in onchocersiasis control programmes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72: 675–676.
-
8.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Rodríguez MH, Margeli-López HM, Rivas-Alcalá AR, 1995. Effect of semiannual treatments of ivermectin on the prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus skin infection, ocular lesions, and infectivity of Simulium ochraceum populations in southern Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 429–434.
-
9.
Cupp EW, Ochoa JO, Collins RC, Cupp MS, Gonzales-Peralta C, Castro J, Zea-Flores G, 1992. The effects of repetitive community-wide ivermectin treatment on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 170–180.
-
10.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Katholi CR, Hassan HK, Unnasch TR, 2006. Large-scale entomologic assessment of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by poolscreen PCR in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 1026–1033.
-
11.
Katholi CR, Toé L, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1995. Determining the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in vector populations by PCR screening of pools of black flies. J Infect Dis 172: 1414–1417.
-
12.
Williams CB, 1937. The use of logarithms in the interpretation of certain entomological problems. Ann Appl Biol 24: 404–414.
-
13.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Lutzow-Steiner MA, Cabrera AS, Lizarazo-Ortega C, Domínguez-Vázquez A, Sauerbrey M, Richards F Jr, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Hernández-Hernández R, 2008. Rapid suppression of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in two communities of the Southern Chiapas focus, Mexico achieved by quarterly treatments with Mectizan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 239–244.
-
14.
Lobos E, Weiss N, Karam M, Taylor HR, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, 1991. An immunogenic Onchocerca volvulus antigen: a specific and early marker of infection. Science 251: 1603–1605.
-
15.
Lipner EM, Dembele N, Souleymane S, Alley WS, Prevots DR, Toe L, Boatin B, Weil GJ, Nutman TB, 2006. Field applicability of a rapid-format anti-Ov-16 antibody test for the assessment of onchocerciasis control measures in regions of endemicity. J Infect Dis 194: 216–221.
-
16.
Armitage P, Berry G, 1994. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. Third edition. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
-
17.
Sauerbrey M, 2008. The Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102 (Suppl 1): 25–29.
-
18.
Gonzalez RJ, Cruz-Ortiz N, Rizzo N, Richards J, Zea-Flores G, Domínguez A, Sauerbrey M, Catú E, Oliva O, Richards FO, Lindblade KA, 2009. Successful interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Escuintla-Guatemala focus, Guatemala. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e404.
-
19.
Cruz-Ortiz N, Rizzo N, Gonzalez R, Sauerbrey M, Zea-Flores G, Dominguez A, Oliva O, Catu E, Castro J, Lindblade KA, 2008. Evaluación Entomológica, Serológica y Oftalmológica para Demostrar la Eliminación de la Transmisión de Onchocerca volvulus en el Foco de Huehuetenango. Guatemala: CDC-CAP.
-
20.
2009. Onchocerciasis (river blindness). Report from the eighteenth InterAmerican Conference on Onchocerciasis, November, 2008. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 84: 385–396.
-
21.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Unnasch TR, Domínguez-Vázquez A, Morales-Castro AL, Richards F Jr, Peña-Flores GP, Orozco-Algarra ME, Prado-Velasco G, 2010. Lack of active Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Northern Chiapas focus, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 15–20.
-
22.
Martin-Tellaeche A, Ramirez-Hernandez J, Santos-Preciado JI, Mendez-Galvan J, 1998. Onchocerciasis: changes in transmisión in Mexico. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: S117–S119.
-
23.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Lizarazo-Ortega C, Hassan HK, Domínguez-Vázquez A, Méndez-Galván J, Lugo-Moreno BP, Sauerbrey M, Richards F Jr, Unnasch TR, 2008. Evidence for suppression of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Oaxaca focus in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 147–152.
-
24.
Wada Y, 1982. Theoretical approach to the epidemiology of onchocerciasis in Guatemala. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 35: 183–196.
-
25.
Porter CH, Collins RC, Brandling-Bennett AD, 1988. Vector density, parasite prevalence, and transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39: 567–574.
-
26.
Weil GJ, Steel C, Liftis F, Li B-W, Mearns G, Lobos E, Nutman TB, 2000. A rapid-format antibody card test for diagnosis of onchocerciasis. J Infect Dis 182: 1796–1799.
-
27.
Rodriguez-Perez MA, Danis-Lozano R, Rodriguez MH, Bradley JE, 1999. Comparison of serological and parasitological assessments of Onchocerca volvulus transmission after 7 years of mass ivermectin treatment in Mexico. Trop Med Int Health 4: 98–104.
-
28.
Vieira JC, Cooper PJ, Lovato R, Mancero T, Rivera J, Proaño R, López AA, Guderian RH, Rumbea J, 2007. Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Ecuador: potential for elimination of infection. BMC Med 5: 9.
-
29.
Collins RC, Ochoa JO, Cupp EW, Gonzales-Peralta C, Porter CH, 1992. Microepidemiology of onchocerciasis in Guatemala: dispersal and survival of Simulium ochraceum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 147–155.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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Interruption of Transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Oaxaca Focus, Mexico
Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez
Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Thomas R. Unnasch
Thomas R. Unnasch
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez
Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Alba L. Morales-Castro
Alba L. Morales-Castro
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Graciela P. Peña-Flores
Graciela P. Peña-Flores
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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María E. Orozco-Algarra
María E. Orozco-Algarra
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Juan I. Arredondo-Jiménez
Juan I. Arredondo-Jiménez
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Frank Richards Jr.
Frank Richards Jr.
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Miguel A. Vásquez-Rodríguez
Miguel A. Vásquez-Rodríguez
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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Vidal García Rendón
Vidal García Rendón
Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México; Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, México D.F.; Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, River Blindness Program of The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México
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All endemic communities of the Oaxaca focus of onchocerciasis in southern Mexico have been treated annually or semi-annually with ivermectin since 1994. In-depth epidemiologic assessments were performed in communities during 2007 and 2008. None of the 52,632 Simulium ochraceum s.l. collected in four sentinel communities was found to contain parasite DNA when tested by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA), resulting in an upper bound of the infection rate in the vectors of 0.07/2,000. The prevalence of microfilariae (mf) in the cornea and/or anterior chamber of the eye was also zero (0 of 1,039 residents examined; 95%-UL = 0.35%). Similarly, all 1,164 individuals examined by skin biopsy were mf negative (95%-UL = 0.31%), and sera collected from 3,569 children from 25 communities did not harbor Ov16 IgG4-antibodies (95%-UL = 0.09%). These meet the criteria for absence of morbidity and parasite transmission in the Oaxaca focus. As a result mass treatments with ivermectin were halted in 2009.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by CONACYT-México (grant 874080), and the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (The Carter Center), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, and Merck & Co for supporting local workers, lab supplies, and technicians. Merck & Co, through the Mectizan Donation Program, has donated all the ivermectin through the years. Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez holds a scholarship from Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas/ Instituto Politécnico Nacional. The Direction of Vector Borne Diseases of CENAVECE, Ministry of Health Mexico and the Health Services of the State of Oaxaca also supported this study as part of their tenure.
Authors' addresses: Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas. México. Thomas R. Unnasch, Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL. Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez and Alba Lucía-Morales-Castro, Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Graciela P. Peña-Flores, María E. Orozco-Algarra, and Juan I. Arredondo-Jiménez, Dirección de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector, Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaría de Salud, México D.F., México. Frank Richards Jr, River Blindness Program, Carter Center, Atlanta, GA. Miguel A. Vásquez-Rodríguez and Vidal García Rendón, Programa para la Eliminación de la Oncocercosis en Oaxaca, Secretaria de Salud, Oaxaca, México.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
OEPA, 2008. Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas. Available at: http://www.oepa.net/index.html. Accessed November 15, 2009.
-
2.
Vásquez-Castellanos JL, 1991. Cafeticultura e historia social de la oncocercosis en el Soconusco, estado de Chiapas, México. Salud Publica Mex 33: 124–135.
-
3.
Pardo R, 1927. A Propósito de los ciegos de Tiltepec. Gac Med Mex 58: 195.
-
4.
World Health Organization, 2001. Certification of Elimination of Human Onchocerciasis: Criteria and Procedures. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
5.
Lindblade KA, Arana B, Zea-Flores G, Rizzo N, Porter CH, Dominguez A, Cruz-Ortiz N, Unnasch TR, Punkosdy GA, Richards J, Sauerbrey M, Castro J, Catu E, Oliva O, Richards FO Jr, 2007. Elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 334–341.
-
6.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Lilley BG, Domínguez-Vázquez A Segura-Arenas R, Lizarazo-Ortega C, Mendoza-Herrera A, Reyes-Villanueva F, Unnasch TR, 2004. Polymerase chain reaction monitoring of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in two endemic states in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 38–45.
-
7.
Walsh JF, Davies JB, Le Berre LE, Garms R, 1978. Standardization of criteria for assessing the effects of Simulium control in onchocersiasis control programmes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72: 675–676.
-
8.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Rodríguez MH, Margeli-López HM, Rivas-Alcalá AR, 1995. Effect of semiannual treatments of ivermectin on the prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus skin infection, ocular lesions, and infectivity of Simulium ochraceum populations in southern Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 429–434.
-
9.
Cupp EW, Ochoa JO, Collins RC, Cupp MS, Gonzales-Peralta C, Castro J, Zea-Flores G, 1992. The effects of repetitive community-wide ivermectin treatment on transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 170–180.
-
10.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Katholi CR, Hassan HK, Unnasch TR, 2006. Large-scale entomologic assessment of Onchocerca volvulus transmission by poolscreen PCR in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 1026–1033.
-
11.
Katholi CR, Toé L, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1995. Determining the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus infection in vector populations by PCR screening of pools of black flies. J Infect Dis 172: 1414–1417.
-
12.
Williams CB, 1937. The use of logarithms in the interpretation of certain entomological problems. Ann Appl Biol 24: 404–414.
-
13.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Lutzow-Steiner MA, Cabrera AS, Lizarazo-Ortega C, Domínguez-Vázquez A, Sauerbrey M, Richards F Jr, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Hernández-Hernández R, 2008. Rapid suppression of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in two communities of the Southern Chiapas focus, Mexico achieved by quarterly treatments with Mectizan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 239–244.
-
14.
Lobos E, Weiss N, Karam M, Taylor HR, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB, 1991. An immunogenic Onchocerca volvulus antigen: a specific and early marker of infection. Science 251: 1603–1605.
-
15.
Lipner EM, Dembele N, Souleymane S, Alley WS, Prevots DR, Toe L, Boatin B, Weil GJ, Nutman TB, 2006. Field applicability of a rapid-format anti-Ov-16 antibody test for the assessment of onchocerciasis control measures in regions of endemicity. J Infect Dis 194: 216–221.
-
16.
Armitage P, Berry G, 1994. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. Third edition. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
-
17.
Sauerbrey M, 2008. The Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102 (Suppl 1): 25–29.
-
18.
Gonzalez RJ, Cruz-Ortiz N, Rizzo N, Richards J, Zea-Flores G, Domínguez A, Sauerbrey M, Catú E, Oliva O, Richards FO, Lindblade KA, 2009. Successful interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Escuintla-Guatemala focus, Guatemala. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e404.
-
19.
Cruz-Ortiz N, Rizzo N, Gonzalez R, Sauerbrey M, Zea-Flores G, Dominguez A, Oliva O, Catu E, Castro J, Lindblade KA, 2008. Evaluación Entomológica, Serológica y Oftalmológica para Demostrar la Eliminación de la Transmisión de Onchocerca volvulus en el Foco de Huehuetenango. Guatemala: CDC-CAP.
-
20.
2009. Onchocerciasis (river blindness). Report from the eighteenth InterAmerican Conference on Onchocerciasis, November, 2008. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 84: 385–396.
-
21.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Unnasch TR, Domínguez-Vázquez A, Morales-Castro AL, Richards F Jr, Peña-Flores GP, Orozco-Algarra ME, Prado-Velasco G, 2010. Lack of active Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Northern Chiapas focus, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 15–20.
-
22.
Martin-Tellaeche A, Ramirez-Hernandez J, Santos-Preciado JI, Mendez-Galvan J, 1998. Onchocerciasis: changes in transmisión in Mexico. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: S117–S119.
-
23.
Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Lizarazo-Ortega C, Hassan HK, Domínguez-Vázquez A, Méndez-Galván J, Lugo-Moreno BP, Sauerbrey M, Richards F Jr, Unnasch TR, 2008. Evidence for suppression of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Oaxaca focus in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 147–152.
-
24.
Wada Y, 1982. Theoretical approach to the epidemiology of onchocerciasis in Guatemala. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 35: 183–196.
-
25.
Porter CH, Collins RC, Brandling-Bennett AD, 1988. Vector density, parasite prevalence, and transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39: 567–574.
-
26.
Weil GJ, Steel C, Liftis F, Li B-W, Mearns G, Lobos E, Nutman TB, 2000. A rapid-format antibody card test for diagnosis of onchocerciasis. J Infect Dis 182: 1796–1799.
-
27.
Rodriguez-Perez MA, Danis-Lozano R, Rodriguez MH, Bradley JE, 1999. Comparison of serological and parasitological assessments of Onchocerca volvulus transmission after 7 years of mass ivermectin treatment in Mexico. Trop Med Int Health 4: 98–104.
-
28.
Vieira JC, Cooper PJ, Lovato R, Mancero T, Rivera J, Proaño R, López AA, Guderian RH, Rumbea J, 2007. Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Ecuador: potential for elimination of infection. BMC Med 5: 9.
-
29.
Collins RC, Ochoa JO, Cupp EW, Gonzales-Peralta C, Porter CH, 1992. Microepidemiology of onchocerciasis in Guatemala: dispersal and survival of Simulium ochraceum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 147–155.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 17 | 17 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 291 | 104 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 74 | 31 | 0 |