Dias E, Martins AV, 1939. Spotted fever in Brazil. A summary. Am J Trop Med. 19: 103–108.
Piza JT, Meyer JR, Gomes LS, 1993. Typho Exantematico de São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Impressora Paulista.
Galvão MA, Silva LJ, Nascimento EM, Calic SB, Sousa R, Bacellar F, 2005. Riquetsioses no Brasil e Portugal: ocorrência, distribuição e diagnóstico. Rev Saude Publica 39: 850–856.
Angerami RN, Resende MR, Feltrin AF, Katz G, Nascimento EM, Stucchi RS, Silva LJ, 2006. Brazilian spotted fever: a case series from an endemic area in southeastern Brazil: epidemiological aspects. Ann NY Acad Sci 1078: 170–172.
Lamas C, Favacho A, Rozental T, Bóia MN, Kirsten AH, Guterres A, Barreira J, de Lemos ER, 2008. Characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii in a case of fatal Brazilian spotted fever in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 12: 149–151.
Labruna MB, 2009. Ecology of Rickettsia in South America. Ann NY Acad Sci 1166: 156–166.
Sexton DJ, Muniz M, Corey GR, Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Dumler S, Walker DH, Pecanha PM, Dietze R, 1993. Brazilian spotted fever in Espirito Santo, Brazil: description of a focus of infection in a new endemic region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 222–226.
Oliveira KA, Oliveira LS, Dias CC, Silva A Jr, Almeida MR, Almada G, Bouyer DH, Galvão MA, Mafra C, 2008. Molecular identification of Rickettsia felis in ticks and fleas from an endemic area for Brazilian Spotted Fever. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 191–194.
Mantovani E, Costa IP, Gauditano G, Bonoldi VL, Higuchi ML, Yoshinari NH, 2007. Description of lyme disease-like syndrome in Brazil. Is it a new tick borne disease or lyme disease variation? Braz J Med Biol Res 40: 443–456.
Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, Rikihisa Y, Rurangirwa FR, 2001. Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and “HGE agent” as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 2145–2165.
Torres HM, Massard CL, Figueiredo MJ, Ferreira T, Almosny NRP, 2002. Isolamento e propagação da Ehrlichia canis em células DH82 e obtenção de antígeno para a reação de imunofluorescência indireta. Rev Bras Ciênc Vet 9: 77–82.
Aguiar DM, Saito TB, Hagiwara MK, Machado RZ, Labruna MB, 2007. Serological diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis with Brazilian antigen of Ehrlichia canis. Cienc. Rural 37: 796–802.
Labruna MB, McBride JW, Camargo LM, Aguiar DM, Yabsley MJ, Davidson WR, Stromdahl EY, Williamson PC, Stich RW, Long SW, Camargo EP, Walker DH, 2007. A preliminary investigation of Ehrlichia species in ticks, humans, dogs, and capybaras from Brazil. Vet Parasitol 143: 189–195.
Machado RZ, Duarte JM, Dagnone AS, Szabó MP, 2006. Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Brazilian marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus). Vet Parasitol 139: 262–266.
Oliveira LS, Oliveira KA, Mourão LC, Pescatore AM, Almeida MR, Conceição LG, Galvão MA, Mafra C, 2009. First report of Ehrlichia ewingii detected by molecular investigation in dogs from Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 55–56.
Calic SB, Galvão MA, Bacellar F, Rocha CM, Mafra CL, Leite RC, Walker DH, 2004. Human ehrlichioses in Brazil: first suspect cases. Braz J Infect Dis 8: 259–262.
Costa PS, Valle LM, Brigatte ME, Greco DB, 2006. More about human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in Brazil: serological evidence of nine new cases. Braz J Infect Dis 10: 7–10.
Passos LM, Geiger SM, Ribeiro MF, Pfister K, Zahler-Rinder M, 2005. First molecular detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol 127: 81–85.
Trapp SM, Messick JB, Vidotto O, Jojima FS, de Morais HS, 2006. Babesia gibsoni genotype Asia in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol 141: 177–180.
Costa-Júnior LM, Ribeiro MF, Rembeck K, Rabelo EM, Zahler-Rinder M, Hirzmann J, Pfister K, Passos LM, 2009. Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence. Res Vet Sci 86: 257–260.
O'Dwyer LH, Lopes VV, Rubini AS, Paduan Kdos S, Ribolla PE, 2009. Babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 18: 23–26.
Friedhoff KT, 1982. Piroplasmas of horses—impact on the international horse trade. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 95: 368–374.
Hildebrandt A, Hunfeld KP, Baier M, Krumbholz A, Sachse S, Lorenzen T, Kiehntopf M, Fricke HJ, Straube E, 2007. First confirmed autochthonous case of human Babesia microti infection in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 595–601.
Hunfeld KP, Hildebrandt A, Gray JS, 2008. Babesiosis: recent insights into an ancient disease. Int J Parasitol 38: 1219–1237.
Herwaldt BL, Cacciò S, Gherlinzoni F, Aspöck H, Slemenda SB, Piccaluga P, Martinelli G, Edelhofer R, Hollenstein U, Poletti G, Pampiglione S, Löschenberger K, Tura S, Pieniazek NJ, 2003. Molecular characterization of a non-Babesia divergens organism causing zoonotic babesiosis in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 942–948.
Alecrim I, Pinto B, Avila T, Costa R, Pessoa I, 1983. Registro do primeiro caso de infecção humana por Babesia spp. no Brasil. Rev Patol Trop 12: 11–29.
Ríos L, Alvarez G, Blair S, 2003. Serological and parasitological study and report of the first case of human babesiosis in Colombia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36: 493–498.
Humiczewska M, Kuźna-Grygiel W, 1997. A case of imported human babesiosis in Poland. Wiad Parazytol 43: 227–229.
Yoshinari NH, Abrão MG, Bonoldi VL, Soares CO, Madruga CR, Scofield A, Massard CL, da Fonseca AH, 2003. Coexistence of antibodies to tick-borne agents of babesiosis and lyme borreliosis in patients from Cotia county, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 311–318.
Rech A, Bittar CM, de Castro CG, Azevedo KR, dos Santos RP, Machado AR, Schwartsmann G, Goldani L, Brunetto AL, 2004. Asymptomatic babesiosis in a child with hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 26: 213.
Anderson BE, Sumner JW, Dawson JE, Tzianabos T, Greene CR, Olson JG, Fishbein DB, Olsen-Rasmussen M, Holloway BP, George EH, 1992. Detection of the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30: 775–780.
Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Hancock SI, 1998. Sequential evaluation of dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia ewingii, or Bartonella vinsonii. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2645–2651.
Aguiar DM, Hagiwara MK, Labruna MB, 2008. In vitro isolation and molecular characterization of an Ehrlichia canis strain from São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 39: 489–493.
Stromdahl EY, Williamson PC, Kollars TM Jr, Evans SR, Barry RK, Vince MA, Dobbs NA, 2003. Evidence of Borrelia lonestari DNA in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) removed from humans. J Clin Microbiol 41: 5557–5562.
Spolidorio MG, Labruna MB, Zago AM, Donatele DM, Caliari KM, Yoshinari NH, 2009. Hepatozoon canis infecting dogs in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 163: 357–361.
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ, 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403–410.
Joppert AM, Hagiwara MK, Yoshinari NH, 2001. Antibodies in dogs from Cotia county, São Paulo State, Brazil. Revta Inst Med Tropical 43: 251–255.
Voller A, Bidwell DE, Bartlett A, 1976. Enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic medicine. Theory and practice. Bull World Health Organ 53: 55–65.
Naka EN, Costa IP, Arão CA, Soares CO, Yoshinari NH, 2008. Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Borrelia e anti-Babesia em soro de crianças com manifestações clínicas e epidemiologia compatíveis com a doença de lyme-simile no estado de mato grosso do sul. Rev Bras Reumatol 48: 74–85.
Salles RS, Fonseca AH, Scofield A, Madureira RC, Yoshinari NH, 2002. Sorologia para Borrelia burgdorferi latu sensu em eqüinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Hora Vet 127: 46–49.
Labruna MB, Horta MC, Aguiar DM, Cavalcante GT, Pinter A, Gennari SM, Camargo LM, 2007. Prevalence of Rickettsia infection in dogs from the urban and rural areas of Monte Negro municipality, western Amazon, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7: 249–255.
Ristic M, Huxsoll DL, Weisiger RM, Hildebrandt PK, Nyindo MB, 1972. Serological diagnosis of tropical canine pancytopenia by indirect immunofluorescence. Infect Immun 6: 226–231.
Baldani CD, Machado RZ, Raso TF, Pinto AA, 2007. Serodiagnosis of Babesia equi in horses submitted to exercise stress. Pesqui Vet Bras 27: 179–183.
Callow LL, McGregor W, Rodwell BJ, Rogers RJ, Fraser GC, Mahoney DF, Robertson GM, 1979. Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test to diagnose Babesia equi infection in horses. Aust Vet J 55: 555–559.
Shinjo SK, Gauditano G, Marchiori PE, Bonoldi VL, Costa IP, Mantovani E, Yoshinari NH, 2009. Manifestação neurológica na síndrome de Baggio-Yoshinari (síndrome brasileira semelhante à doença de lyme). Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 49: 492–498.
Davis GE, 1952. Observations on the biology of the argasid tick, Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923, with the recovery of a spirochete, Borrelia brasiliensis, n. sp. J Parasitol 38: 473–476.
Perez M, Bodor M, Zhang C, Xiong Q, Rikihisa Y, 2006. Human infection with Ehrlichia canis accompanied by clinical signs in Venezuela. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 110–117.
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Blood samples collected from 201 humans, 92 dogs, and 27 horses in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, were tested by polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tick-borne diseases (rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis). Our results indicated that the surveyed counties are endemic for spotted fever group rickettsiosis because sera from 70 (34.8%) humans, 7 (7.6%) dogs, and 7 (25.9%) horses were reactive to at least one of the six Rickettsia species tested. Although there was evidence of ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and babesiosis (Babesia canis vogeli, Theileria equi) in domestic animals, no human was positive for babesiosis and only four individuals were serologically positive for E. canis. Borrelia burgdorferi-serologic reactive sera were rare among humans and horses, but encompassed 51% of the canine samples, suggesting that dogs and their ticks can be part of the epidemiological cycle of the causative agent of the Brazilian zoonosis, named Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome.
Financial support: This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP grant 07/51899-2 to N.H.Y.), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES PhD scholarship to M.G.S.), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq career scholarship to M.B.L.).
Authors' addresses: Mariana G. Spolidorio and Natalino H. Yoshinari, Laboratório de Investigação Médica 17 (LIM17), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: marianaspolidorio@gmail.com and yoshinari@lim17.fm.usp.br. Marcelo B. Labruna, Jonas Moraes-Filho, Iara Silveira, and Sônia R. Pinheiro, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: labruna@usp.br, jonasmfilho@hotmail.com, iarasilv@yahoo.com.br, and soniapin@usp.br. Rosangela Z. Machado, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho,” Jaboticabal, Brazil, E-mail: zacarias@fcav.unesp.br. Augusto M. Zago and Késia M. Caliari, Núcleo de Vigilância em Saúde, Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Colatina, Colatina, Brazil, E-mails: augustozago@saude.es.gov.br and kesiamargotto@saude.es.gov.br. Dirlei M. Donatele, Centro Universitário São Camilo Espírito Santo – CUSC, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Brazil.
Dias E, Martins AV, 1939. Spotted fever in Brazil. A summary. Am J Trop Med. 19: 103–108.
Piza JT, Meyer JR, Gomes LS, 1993. Typho Exantematico de São Paulo. São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Impressora Paulista.
Galvão MA, Silva LJ, Nascimento EM, Calic SB, Sousa R, Bacellar F, 2005. Riquetsioses no Brasil e Portugal: ocorrência, distribuição e diagnóstico. Rev Saude Publica 39: 850–856.
Angerami RN, Resende MR, Feltrin AF, Katz G, Nascimento EM, Stucchi RS, Silva LJ, 2006. Brazilian spotted fever: a case series from an endemic area in southeastern Brazil: epidemiological aspects. Ann NY Acad Sci 1078: 170–172.
Lamas C, Favacho A, Rozental T, Bóia MN, Kirsten AH, Guterres A, Barreira J, de Lemos ER, 2008. Characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii in a case of fatal Brazilian spotted fever in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 12: 149–151.
Labruna MB, 2009. Ecology of Rickettsia in South America. Ann NY Acad Sci 1166: 156–166.
Sexton DJ, Muniz M, Corey GR, Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Dumler S, Walker DH, Pecanha PM, Dietze R, 1993. Brazilian spotted fever in Espirito Santo, Brazil: description of a focus of infection in a new endemic region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49: 222–226.
Oliveira KA, Oliveira LS, Dias CC, Silva A Jr, Almeida MR, Almada G, Bouyer DH, Galvão MA, Mafra C, 2008. Molecular identification of Rickettsia felis in ticks and fleas from an endemic area for Brazilian Spotted Fever. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 191–194.
Mantovani E, Costa IP, Gauditano G, Bonoldi VL, Higuchi ML, Yoshinari NH, 2007. Description of lyme disease-like syndrome in Brazil. Is it a new tick borne disease or lyme disease variation? Braz J Med Biol Res 40: 443–456.
Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, Rikihisa Y, Rurangirwa FR, 2001. Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and “HGE agent” as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 2145–2165.
Torres HM, Massard CL, Figueiredo MJ, Ferreira T, Almosny NRP, 2002. Isolamento e propagação da Ehrlichia canis em células DH82 e obtenção de antígeno para a reação de imunofluorescência indireta. Rev Bras Ciênc Vet 9: 77–82.
Aguiar DM, Saito TB, Hagiwara MK, Machado RZ, Labruna MB, 2007. Serological diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis with Brazilian antigen of Ehrlichia canis. Cienc. Rural 37: 796–802.
Labruna MB, McBride JW, Camargo LM, Aguiar DM, Yabsley MJ, Davidson WR, Stromdahl EY, Williamson PC, Stich RW, Long SW, Camargo EP, Walker DH, 2007. A preliminary investigation of Ehrlichia species in ticks, humans, dogs, and capybaras from Brazil. Vet Parasitol 143: 189–195.
Machado RZ, Duarte JM, Dagnone AS, Szabó MP, 2006. Detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Brazilian marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus). Vet Parasitol 139: 262–266.
Oliveira LS, Oliveira KA, Mourão LC, Pescatore AM, Almeida MR, Conceição LG, Galvão MA, Mafra C, 2009. First report of Ehrlichia ewingii detected by molecular investigation in dogs from Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 55–56.
Calic SB, Galvão MA, Bacellar F, Rocha CM, Mafra CL, Leite RC, Walker DH, 2004. Human ehrlichioses in Brazil: first suspect cases. Braz J Infect Dis 8: 259–262.
Costa PS, Valle LM, Brigatte ME, Greco DB, 2006. More about human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in Brazil: serological evidence of nine new cases. Braz J Infect Dis 10: 7–10.
Passos LM, Geiger SM, Ribeiro MF, Pfister K, Zahler-Rinder M, 2005. First molecular detection of Babesia vogeli in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol 127: 81–85.
Trapp SM, Messick JB, Vidotto O, Jojima FS, de Morais HS, 2006. Babesia gibsoni genotype Asia in dogs from Brazil. Vet Parasitol 141: 177–180.
Costa-Júnior LM, Ribeiro MF, Rembeck K, Rabelo EM, Zahler-Rinder M, Hirzmann J, Pfister K, Passos LM, 2009. Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence. Res Vet Sci 86: 257–260.
O'Dwyer LH, Lopes VV, Rubini AS, Paduan Kdos S, Ribolla PE, 2009. Babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 18: 23–26.
Friedhoff KT, 1982. Piroplasmas of horses—impact on the international horse trade. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 95: 368–374.
Hildebrandt A, Hunfeld KP, Baier M, Krumbholz A, Sachse S, Lorenzen T, Kiehntopf M, Fricke HJ, Straube E, 2007. First confirmed autochthonous case of human Babesia microti infection in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 595–601.
Hunfeld KP, Hildebrandt A, Gray JS, 2008. Babesiosis: recent insights into an ancient disease. Int J Parasitol 38: 1219–1237.
Herwaldt BL, Cacciò S, Gherlinzoni F, Aspöck H, Slemenda SB, Piccaluga P, Martinelli G, Edelhofer R, Hollenstein U, Poletti G, Pampiglione S, Löschenberger K, Tura S, Pieniazek NJ, 2003. Molecular characterization of a non-Babesia divergens organism causing zoonotic babesiosis in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 942–948.
Alecrim I, Pinto B, Avila T, Costa R, Pessoa I, 1983. Registro do primeiro caso de infecção humana por Babesia spp. no Brasil. Rev Patol Trop 12: 11–29.
Ríos L, Alvarez G, Blair S, 2003. Serological and parasitological study and report of the first case of human babesiosis in Colombia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36: 493–498.
Humiczewska M, Kuźna-Grygiel W, 1997. A case of imported human babesiosis in Poland. Wiad Parazytol 43: 227–229.
Yoshinari NH, Abrão MG, Bonoldi VL, Soares CO, Madruga CR, Scofield A, Massard CL, da Fonseca AH, 2003. Coexistence of antibodies to tick-borne agents of babesiosis and lyme borreliosis in patients from Cotia county, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 311–318.
Rech A, Bittar CM, de Castro CG, Azevedo KR, dos Santos RP, Machado AR, Schwartsmann G, Goldani L, Brunetto AL, 2004. Asymptomatic babesiosis in a child with hepatoblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 26: 213.
Anderson BE, Sumner JW, Dawson JE, Tzianabos T, Greene CR, Olson JG, Fishbein DB, Olsen-Rasmussen M, Holloway BP, George EH, 1992. Detection of the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30: 775–780.
Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Hancock SI, 1998. Sequential evaluation of dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia ewingii, or Bartonella vinsonii. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2645–2651.
Aguiar DM, Hagiwara MK, Labruna MB, 2008. In vitro isolation and molecular characterization of an Ehrlichia canis strain from São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 39: 489–493.
Stromdahl EY, Williamson PC, Kollars TM Jr, Evans SR, Barry RK, Vince MA, Dobbs NA, 2003. Evidence of Borrelia lonestari DNA in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) removed from humans. J Clin Microbiol 41: 5557–5562.
Spolidorio MG, Labruna MB, Zago AM, Donatele DM, Caliari KM, Yoshinari NH, 2009. Hepatozoon canis infecting dogs in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 163: 357–361.
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ, 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403–410.
Joppert AM, Hagiwara MK, Yoshinari NH, 2001. Antibodies in dogs from Cotia county, São Paulo State, Brazil. Revta Inst Med Tropical 43: 251–255.
Voller A, Bidwell DE, Bartlett A, 1976. Enzyme immunoassays in diagnostic medicine. Theory and practice. Bull World Health Organ 53: 55–65.
Naka EN, Costa IP, Arão CA, Soares CO, Yoshinari NH, 2008. Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Borrelia e anti-Babesia em soro de crianças com manifestações clínicas e epidemiologia compatíveis com a doença de lyme-simile no estado de mato grosso do sul. Rev Bras Reumatol 48: 74–85.
Salles RS, Fonseca AH, Scofield A, Madureira RC, Yoshinari NH, 2002. Sorologia para Borrelia burgdorferi latu sensu em eqüinos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Hora Vet 127: 46–49.
Labruna MB, Horta MC, Aguiar DM, Cavalcante GT, Pinter A, Gennari SM, Camargo LM, 2007. Prevalence of Rickettsia infection in dogs from the urban and rural areas of Monte Negro municipality, western Amazon, Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7: 249–255.
Ristic M, Huxsoll DL, Weisiger RM, Hildebrandt PK, Nyindo MB, 1972. Serological diagnosis of tropical canine pancytopenia by indirect immunofluorescence. Infect Immun 6: 226–231.
Baldani CD, Machado RZ, Raso TF, Pinto AA, 2007. Serodiagnosis of Babesia equi in horses submitted to exercise stress. Pesqui Vet Bras 27: 179–183.
Callow LL, McGregor W, Rodwell BJ, Rogers RJ, Fraser GC, Mahoney DF, Robertson GM, 1979. Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test to diagnose Babesia equi infection in horses. Aust Vet J 55: 555–559.
Shinjo SK, Gauditano G, Marchiori PE, Bonoldi VL, Costa IP, Mantovani E, Yoshinari NH, 2009. Manifestação neurológica na síndrome de Baggio-Yoshinari (síndrome brasileira semelhante à doença de lyme). Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 49: 492–498.
Davis GE, 1952. Observations on the biology of the argasid tick, Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923, with the recovery of a spirochete, Borrelia brasiliensis, n. sp. J Parasitol 38: 473–476.
Perez M, Bodor M, Zhang C, Xiong Q, Rikihisa Y, 2006. Human infection with Ehrlichia canis accompanied by clinical signs in Venezuela. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 110–117.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1688 | 1555 | 15 |
Full Text Views | 394 | 12 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 156 | 14 | 0 |