Authors:
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
California Department of Public Health, 2008. California mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan. Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California, University of California. Available at: http://westnile.ca.gov/downloads.php?download_id=820&filename=2008_CA_Mosq_Surv.pdf. Accessed August 19, 2008.
-
2.
Moore CG, McLean RG, Mitchell CJ, Nasci RS, Tsai TF, Calisher CH, Marfin AA, Moore PS, Gubler DJ, 2002. Guidelines for Arbovirus Surveillance Programs in the United States. Ft. Collins, CO: DVBID, CDC, PHS, U.S. Dept. Health Human Services, 1–81.
-
3.
Garrett-Jones C, Grab B, 1964. The assessment of insecticidal impact on the malaria mosquito's vectorial capacity, from data on the proportion of parous females. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 31: 71–86.
-
4.
Spielman A, Levine JF, Wilson ML, 1984. Vectorial capacity of North American Ixodes ticks. Yale J Biol Med 57: 507–513.
-
5.
Dye C, 1986. Vectorial capacity: must we measure all its components? Parasitol Today 2: 203–209.
-
6.
Reisen WK, 1989. Estimation of vectorial capacity: relationship to disease transmission by malaria and arbovirus vectors. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 14: 39–40.
-
7.
Reeves WC, 1971. Mosquito vector and vertebrate interactions: the key to maintenance of certain arboviruses. Fallis AM, ed. The Ecology and Physiology of Parasites. Toronto: University Toronto Press, 223–230.
-
8.
Scott TW, Morrison AC, 2003. Aedes aegypti density and the risk of dengue-virus transmission. Ecological Aspects for Application of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 187–206.
-
9.
Olson JG, Reeves WC, Emmons RW, Milby MM, 1979. Correlation of Culex tarsalis indices with the incidence of St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 335–343.
-
10.
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Hardy JL, 1995. Bionomics of Culex tarsalis (Diptera:Culicidae) in relation to arbovirus transmission in southeastern California. J Med Entomol 32: 316–327.
-
11.
Reisen WK, Boyce K, Yoshimura G, Lemenager D, Emmons RW, 1995. Enzootic transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Sacramento Valley of California during 1993 and 1994. J Vector Ecol 20: 153–163.
-
12.
Hammon WM, Reeves WC, Brookman B, Izumi EM, 1941. Isolation of viruses of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis from Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. Science 94: 328–330.
-
13.
Reeves WC, Hammon WM, Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, 1962. The role of arthropod vectors. Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943–1952. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 75–108.
-
14.
Finley KH, Longshore WA, Palmer RJ, Cooke RE, Riggs MS, 1955. Western equine and St. Louis encephalitis. Preliminary report of a clinical follow-up study in California. Neurology 5: 223–235.
-
15.
Longshore J, 1955. Some clinical aspects of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis. Proceedings and Papers of the 23rd Annual Conference of the California Mosquito Control Association.
-
16.
Lennette EH, Magoffin RL, Longshore WA, Hollister J, Jr AC, 1961. An etiologic study of seasonal aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in the central valley of California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 10: 885–896.
-
17.
Reisen WK, Monath TP, Monath TP, 1989. Western equine encephalomyelitis. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 89–138.
-
18.
California Department of Water Resources, 2005. California Water Plan Update 2005. Sacramento, CA.
-
19.
Gahlinger PM, Reeves WC, Milby MM, 1986. Air conditioning and television as protective factors in arboviral encephalitis risk. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 601–610.
-
20.
Hui LT, Husted SR, Myers CM, Ascher MS, Reisen WK, Kramer VL, 1999. Summary of St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis virus activity in California, 1969–1997. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 67: 61–72.
-
21.
Steinlein DB, Husted S, Reisen WK, Kramer VL, Chiles RE, Glaser C, Cossen C, Tu E, Gilliam S, Hui LT, Eldridge BF, Boyce K, Yamamoto S, Webb JP, Lothrop HD, Fujioka K, Brisco A, Russell MJ, Houchin A, Castro M, Hom A, Miles SQ, Rogers C, Cornelius A, McCaughy K, Kohlmeier K, Scott TW, 2003. Summary of mosquito-borne encephaltis virus surveillance in California: 1998–2002. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 71: 17–27.
-
22.
Reisen WK, Hardy JL, Reeves WC, Presser SB, Milby MM, Meyer RP, 1990. Persistence of mosquito-borne viruses in Kern County, California, 1983–1988. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 419–437.
-
23.
Kramer LD, Fallah HM, 1999. Genetic variation among isolates of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 708–713.
-
24.
Reisen WK, Fang Y, Brault AC, 2008. Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian host competence for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus). Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 681–686.
-
25.
Nemani R, Votava P, Michaelis A, White M, Melton F, Milesi C, Pierce L, Golden K, Hashimoto H, Ichii K, Johnson L, Jolly M, Myneni R, Tague C, Coughlan J, Running S, 2007. Remote sensing methodologies for ecosystem management. Aswathanarayana U, ed. Food and Water Security. Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis, 1–19.
-
26.
Jolly W, Graham J, Michaelis A, Nemani R, Running S, 2004. A flexible, integrated system for generating meteorological surfaces derived from point sources across multiple geographic scales. Environ Model Softw 20: 873–882.
-
27.
Thornton PE, Running SW, White MA, 1997. Generating surfaces of daily meterological variables over large regions of complex terrain. J Hydrol (Amst) 190: 241–251.
-
28.
Reisen WK, Meyer RP, Presser SB, Hardy JL, 1993. Effect of temperature on the transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses by Culex tarsalis (Diptera:Culicidae). J Med Entomol 30: 151–160.
-
29.
Lindsey AA, Newman JE, 1956. Use of official weather data in spring time–temperature analysis of an Indiana phenological record. Ecology 37: 812–823.
-
30.
Reisen WK, Presser SB, Lin J, Enge B, Hardy JL, Emmons RW, 1994. Viremia and serological responses in adult chickens infected with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10: 549–555.
-
31.
Mulhern TD, 1942. The New Jersey mechanical trap for mosquito surveys. N. J. Ag. Exp. Sta. Circ. 421: 1–8.
-
32.
Diggle PJ, 1990. Time Series: A Biostatistical Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
33.
Branscum AJ, Perez AM, Johnson WO, Thurmond MC, 2008. Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of foot-and-mouth disease data from the Republic of Turkey. Epidemiol Infect 136: 833–842.
-
34.
Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelhalter D, 2000. WinBUGS–a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Stat Comput 10: 325–337.
-
35.
R Development Core Team, 2005. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: Foundation for Statistical Computing.
-
36.
Gelman A, Rubin D, 1992. Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences. Stat Sci 7: 457–511.
-
37.
Spiegelhalter DJ, Best NG, Carlin BR, van der Linde A, 2002. Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 64: 583–616.
-
38.
Barker CM, Eldridge BF, Reisen WK, Seasonal abundance patterns of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J Med Entomol (submitted).
-
39.
Reeves WC, Milby MM, Service MW, 1989. Changes in Transmission Patterns of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the U.S. Demography and Vector-Borne Diseases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 121–141.
-
40.
Milby MM, Reeves WC, 1989. Comparison of New Jersey light traps and CO2-baited traps in urban and rural areas. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 57: 73–79.
-
41.
Reisen WK, Eldridge BF, Scott TW, Gutierrez A, Takahashi R, Lorenzen K, DeBenedictis J, Boyce K, Swartzell R, 2002. Comparison of dry ice-baited Centers for Disease Control and New Jersey light traps for measuring mosquito abundance in California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 158–163.
-
42.
Reeves WC, 1968. A review of developments associated with the control of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis in California during 1967. Proc Mosq Control Assoc Calif 36: 65–70.
-
43.
Reeves WC, Hardy JL, Reisen WK, Milby MM, 1994. Potential effect of global warming on mosquito-borne arboviruses. J Med Entomol 31: 323–332.
-
44.
Reisen WK, 1995. Effect of temperature on Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys of California. J Med Entomol 32: 636–645.
-
45.
Kramer LD, Hardy JL, Presser SB, 1983. Effect of temperature of extrinsic incubation on the vector competence of Culex tarsalis for western equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32: 1130–1139.
-
46.
Reisen WK, Hardy JL, Presser SB, Chiles RE, 1996. Seasonal variation in the vector competence of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Coachella Valley of California for western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 33: 433–437.
-
47.
Jacobs AF, Heusinkveld BG, Nieveen JP, 1998. Temperature behavior of a natural shallow water body during a summer period. Theor Appl Climatol 59: 121–127.
-
48.
Scott TW, Wright SA, Eldridge BF, Brown DA, 2001. Cost effectiveness of three arbovirus surveillance methods in northern California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17: 118–123.
-
49.
Reisen WK, Lundstrom JO, Scott TW, Eldridge BF, Chiles RE, Cusack R, Martinez VM, Lothrop HD, Gutierrez D, Wright S, Boyce K, Hill BR, 2000. Patterns of avian seroprevalence to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in California, USA. J Med Entomol 37: 507–527.
-
50.
Hardy JL, Houk EJ, Kramer LD, Reeves WC, 1983. Intrinsic factors affecting vector competence of mosquitoes for arboviruses. Annu Rev Entomol 28: 229–262.
-
51.
Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, Scrivani RP, 1961. Differentiation of encephalitis virus infection rates from transmission rates in mosquito vector populations. Am J Hyg 73: 303–315.
-
52.
Barker CM, Reisen WK, Eldridge BF, 2005. Factors affecting the probability of mosquito-borne virus activity in California vector control districts, 1983–2003. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 73: 78–86.
-
53.
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Martinez VM, Fang Y, Green EN, 2003. Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 40: 968–982.
-
54.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Presser SB, Hardy JL, 1992. Ecology of mosquitoes and St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Los Angeles Basin of California, 1987–1990. J Med Entomol 29: 582–598.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 808 | 713 | 247 |
| Full Text Views | 242 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 79 | 21 | 0 |
Temporal Connections between Culex tarsalis Abundance and Transmission of Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus in California
Christopher M. Barker
Christopher M. Barker
Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, California; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wesley O. Johnson
Wesley O. Johnson
Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, California; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bruce F. Eldridge
Bruce F. Eldridge
Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, California; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bborie K. Park
Bborie K. Park
Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, California; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Forrest Melton
Forrest Melton
Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, California; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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William K. Reisen
William K. Reisen
Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, California; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Definition of targets for vector control requires an understanding of the relationship between vector abundance and the intensity of arbovirus transmission. Using an extensive surveillance dataset with observations from sentinel chicken flocks and mosquito traps paired in time and space, hierarchical autoregressive logistic regression models were developed to predict the probability of seroconversion in chickens for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) based on the relative abundance of the principal vector, Culex tarsalis. After adjustments for confounders, the abundance of Cx. tarsalis 29–42 d before the date of chicken sampling was credibly associated with the risk of WEEV transmission in both the Central and Coachella Valleys, and a doubling of relative Cx. tarsalis abundance was associated with a 58% increase in the odds of seroconversion. The critical time windows identified in our study highlight the need for surveillance of vector populations and forecasting models to guide proactive vector control measures before the detection of transmission to sentinel chickens.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by NASA Earth-Sun Science Applied Sciences Program Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science, Decision Support through Earth-Sun Science Research Results grant RM08-6044 for NNA06CN02A and NOAA Office of Global Programs, Climate Variability and Human Health grant 00-543.
Authors' addresses: Christopher M. Barker, Bruce F. Eldridge, Bborie K. Park, and William K. Reisen, Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA. Wesley O. Johnson, Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA. Forrest Melton, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
California Department of Public Health, 2008. California mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan. Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California, University of California. Available at: http://westnile.ca.gov/downloads.php?download_id=820&filename=2008_CA_Mosq_Surv.pdf. Accessed August 19, 2008.
-
2.
Moore CG, McLean RG, Mitchell CJ, Nasci RS, Tsai TF, Calisher CH, Marfin AA, Moore PS, Gubler DJ, 2002. Guidelines for Arbovirus Surveillance Programs in the United States. Ft. Collins, CO: DVBID, CDC, PHS, U.S. Dept. Health Human Services, 1–81.
-
3.
Garrett-Jones C, Grab B, 1964. The assessment of insecticidal impact on the malaria mosquito's vectorial capacity, from data on the proportion of parous females. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 31: 71–86.
-
4.
Spielman A, Levine JF, Wilson ML, 1984. Vectorial capacity of North American Ixodes ticks. Yale J Biol Med 57: 507–513.
-
5.
Dye C, 1986. Vectorial capacity: must we measure all its components? Parasitol Today 2: 203–209.
-
6.
Reisen WK, 1989. Estimation of vectorial capacity: relationship to disease transmission by malaria and arbovirus vectors. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 14: 39–40.
-
7.
Reeves WC, 1971. Mosquito vector and vertebrate interactions: the key to maintenance of certain arboviruses. Fallis AM, ed. The Ecology and Physiology of Parasites. Toronto: University Toronto Press, 223–230.
-
8.
Scott TW, Morrison AC, 2003. Aedes aegypti density and the risk of dengue-virus transmission. Ecological Aspects for Application of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 187–206.
-
9.
Olson JG, Reeves WC, Emmons RW, Milby MM, 1979. Correlation of Culex tarsalis indices with the incidence of St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis in California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 335–343.
-
10.
Reisen WK, Lothrop HD, Hardy JL, 1995. Bionomics of Culex tarsalis (Diptera:Culicidae) in relation to arbovirus transmission in southeastern California. J Med Entomol 32: 316–327.
-
11.
Reisen WK, Boyce K, Yoshimura G, Lemenager D, Emmons RW, 1995. Enzootic transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Sacramento Valley of California during 1993 and 1994. J Vector Ecol 20: 153–163.
-
12.
Hammon WM, Reeves WC, Brookman B, Izumi EM, 1941. Isolation of viruses of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis from Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. Science 94: 328–330.
-
13.
Reeves WC, Hammon WM, Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, 1962. The role of arthropod vectors. Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943–1952. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 75–108.
-
14.
Finley KH, Longshore WA, Palmer RJ, Cooke RE, Riggs MS, 1955. Western equine and St. Louis encephalitis. Preliminary report of a clinical follow-up study in California. Neurology 5: 223–235.
-
15.
Longshore J, 1955. Some clinical aspects of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis. Proceedings and Papers of the 23rd Annual Conference of the California Mosquito Control Association.
-
16.
Lennette EH, Magoffin RL, Longshore WA, Hollister J, Jr AC, 1961. An etiologic study of seasonal aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in the central valley of California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 10: 885–896.
-
17.
Reisen WK, Monath TP, Monath TP, 1989. Western equine encephalomyelitis. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 89–138.
-
18.
California Department of Water Resources, 2005. California Water Plan Update 2005. Sacramento, CA.
-
19.
Gahlinger PM, Reeves WC, Milby MM, 1986. Air conditioning and television as protective factors in arboviral encephalitis risk. Am J Trop Med Hyg 35: 601–610.
-
20.
Hui LT, Husted SR, Myers CM, Ascher MS, Reisen WK, Kramer VL, 1999. Summary of St. Louis encephalitis and western equine encephalomyelitis virus activity in California, 1969–1997. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 67: 61–72.
-
21.
Steinlein DB, Husted S, Reisen WK, Kramer VL, Chiles RE, Glaser C, Cossen C, Tu E, Gilliam S, Hui LT, Eldridge BF, Boyce K, Yamamoto S, Webb JP, Lothrop HD, Fujioka K, Brisco A, Russell MJ, Houchin A, Castro M, Hom A, Miles SQ, Rogers C, Cornelius A, McCaughy K, Kohlmeier K, Scott TW, 2003. Summary of mosquito-borne encephaltis virus surveillance in California: 1998–2002. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 71: 17–27.
-
22.
Reisen WK, Hardy JL, Reeves WC, Presser SB, Milby MM, Meyer RP, 1990. Persistence of mosquito-borne viruses in Kern County, California, 1983–1988. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 419–437.
-
23.
Kramer LD, Fallah HM, 1999. Genetic variation among isolates of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from California. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 708–713.
-
24.
Reisen WK, Fang Y, Brault AC, 2008. Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian host competence for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus). Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 681–686.
-
25.
Nemani R, Votava P, Michaelis A, White M, Melton F, Milesi C, Pierce L, Golden K, Hashimoto H, Ichii K, Johnson L, Jolly M, Myneni R, Tague C, Coughlan J, Running S, 2007. Remote sensing methodologies for ecosystem management. Aswathanarayana U, ed. Food and Water Security. Oxford, UK: Taylor and Francis, 1–19.
-
26.
Jolly W, Graham J, Michaelis A, Nemani R, Running S, 2004. A flexible, integrated system for generating meteorological surfaces derived from point sources across multiple geographic scales. Environ Model Softw 20: 873–882.
-
27.
Thornton PE, Running SW, White MA, 1997. Generating surfaces of daily meterological variables over large regions of complex terrain. J Hydrol (Amst) 190: 241–251.
-
28.
Reisen WK, Meyer RP, Presser SB, Hardy JL, 1993. Effect of temperature on the transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses by Culex tarsalis (Diptera:Culicidae). J Med Entomol 30: 151–160.
-
29.
Lindsey AA, Newman JE, 1956. Use of official weather data in spring time–temperature analysis of an Indiana phenological record. Ecology 37: 812–823.
-
30.
Reisen WK, Presser SB, Lin J, Enge B, Hardy JL, Emmons RW, 1994. Viremia and serological responses in adult chickens infected with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10: 549–555.
-
31.
Mulhern TD, 1942. The New Jersey mechanical trap for mosquito surveys. N. J. Ag. Exp. Sta. Circ. 421: 1–8.
-
32.
Diggle PJ, 1990. Time Series: A Biostatistical Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-
33.
Branscum AJ, Perez AM, Johnson WO, Thurmond MC, 2008. Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of foot-and-mouth disease data from the Republic of Turkey. Epidemiol Infect 136: 833–842.
-
34.
Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelhalter D, 2000. WinBUGS–a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Stat Comput 10: 325–337.
-
35.
R Development Core Team, 2005. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: Foundation for Statistical Computing.
-
36.
Gelman A, Rubin D, 1992. Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences. Stat Sci 7: 457–511.
-
37.
Spiegelhalter DJ, Best NG, Carlin BR, van der Linde A, 2002. Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 64: 583–616.
-
38.
Barker CM, Eldridge BF, Reisen WK, Seasonal abundance patterns of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J Med Entomol (submitted).
-
39.
Reeves WC, Milby MM, Service MW, 1989. Changes in Transmission Patterns of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the U.S. Demography and Vector-Borne Diseases. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 121–141.
-
40.
Milby MM, Reeves WC, 1989. Comparison of New Jersey light traps and CO2-baited traps in urban and rural areas. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 57: 73–79.
-
41.
Reisen WK, Eldridge BF, Scott TW, Gutierrez A, Takahashi R, Lorenzen K, DeBenedictis J, Boyce K, Swartzell R, 2002. Comparison of dry ice-baited Centers for Disease Control and New Jersey light traps for measuring mosquito abundance in California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 18: 158–163.
-
42.
Reeves WC, 1968. A review of developments associated with the control of western equine and St. Louis encephalitis in California during 1967. Proc Mosq Control Assoc Calif 36: 65–70.
-
43.
Reeves WC, Hardy JL, Reisen WK, Milby MM, 1994. Potential effect of global warming on mosquito-borne arboviruses. J Med Entomol 31: 323–332.
-
44.
Reisen WK, 1995. Effect of temperature on Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Coachella and San Joaquin Valleys of California. J Med Entomol 32: 636–645.
-
45.
Kramer LD, Hardy JL, Presser SB, 1983. Effect of temperature of extrinsic incubation on the vector competence of Culex tarsalis for western equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 32: 1130–1139.
-
46.
Reisen WK, Hardy JL, Presser SB, Chiles RE, 1996. Seasonal variation in the vector competence of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Coachella Valley of California for western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 33: 433–437.
-
47.
Jacobs AF, Heusinkveld BG, Nieveen JP, 1998. Temperature behavior of a natural shallow water body during a summer period. Theor Appl Climatol 59: 121–127.
-
48.
Scott TW, Wright SA, Eldridge BF, Brown DA, 2001. Cost effectiveness of three arbovirus surveillance methods in northern California. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17: 118–123.
-
49.
Reisen WK, Lundstrom JO, Scott TW, Eldridge BF, Chiles RE, Cusack R, Martinez VM, Lothrop HD, Gutierrez D, Wright S, Boyce K, Hill BR, 2000. Patterns of avian seroprevalence to western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in California, USA. J Med Entomol 37: 507–527.
-
50.
Hardy JL, Houk EJ, Kramer LD, Reeves WC, 1983. Intrinsic factors affecting vector competence of mosquitoes for arboviruses. Annu Rev Entomol 28: 229–262.
-
51.
Reeves WC, Bellamy RE, Scrivani RP, 1961. Differentiation of encephalitis virus infection rates from transmission rates in mosquito vector populations. Am J Hyg 73: 303–315.
-
52.
Barker CM, Reisen WK, Eldridge BF, 2005. Factors affecting the probability of mosquito-borne virus activity in California vector control districts, 1983–2003. Proc Mosq Vector Control Assoc Calif 73: 78–86.
-
53.
Reisen WK, Chiles RE, Martinez VM, Fang Y, Green EN, 2003. Experimental infection of California birds with western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. J Med Entomol 40: 968–982.
-
54.
Reisen WK, Milby MM, Presser SB, Hardy JL, 1992. Ecology of mosquitoes and St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Los Angeles Basin of California, 1987–1990. J Med Entomol 29: 582–598.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 808 | 713 | 247 |
| Full Text Views | 242 | 14 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 79 | 21 | 0 |