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1.
Wilde H, Khawplod P, Khamoltham T, Hemachudha T, Tepsumethanon V, Lumlerdacha B, Mitmoonpitak C, Sitprija V, 2005. Rabies control in South and Southeast Asia. Vaccine 23: 2284–2289.
-
2.
Bernade KW, Fishbein DB, 1991. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis for travelers: are the benefits worth the cost? Vaccine 9: 833–836.
-
3.
Meslin FX, 2005. Rabies as a travelers' risk, especially in high endemicity areas. J Travel Med 12: S30–S40.
-
4.
Phanuphak P, Ubolyam S, Sirivichayakul S, 1994. Should travelers in rabies endemic areas receive pre-exposure rabies immunization? Ann Med Interne (Paris) 145: 409–411.
-
5.
Tourism Authority of Thailand. Tourist statistics. Available at: www.tourismthailand.org. Accessed December 1, 2008.
-
6.
Menachem M, Grupper M, Paz A, Potasman I, 2008. Assessment of rabies exposure risk among Israeli travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 6: 12–16.
-
7.
World Health Organization, 2009. International Travel and Health 2009. Geneva: WHO Press, 93–145.
-
8.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009. Health Information for International Travel 2010. Atlanta, GA: Mosby Elsevier, 95–97.
-
9.
Department of Health and Health Protection Agency, Immunisation against infectious diseases (Green Book) 2006. Available at: http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk. Accessed October 18, 2009.
-
10.
Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE, 2009. Travel vaccination for rabies. Expert Rev Vaccines 7: 613–620.
-
11.
LeGuerrier P, Pilon PA, Deshaies D, Allard R, 1996. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis for the international traveler: a decision analysis. Vaccine 14: 167–176.
-
12.
Gautret P, Schwartz E, Shaw M, Soula G, Gazin P, Delmont J, Parola P, Soavi MJ, Matchett E, Brown G, Torresi J; for the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, 2007. Animal-associated injuries and related diseases among returned travelers: a review of GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Vaccine 25: 2656–2663.
-
13.
Altmann M, Parola P, Delmont J, 2009. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of French travelers from Marseille regarding rabies risk and prevention. J Travel Med 16: 107–111.
-
14.
Van Herck K, Van Damme P, Castelli F, Zuckerman J, Nothdurft H, Dahlgren AL, Gisler S, Steffen R, Gargalianos P, Lopez-Velez R, Overbosch D, Caumes E, Walker E, 2004. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in travel-related infectious diseases: the European airport survey. J Travel Med 11: 3–8.
-
15.
Piyaphanee W, Wattanagoon Y, Silachamroon U, Mansanguan C, Wichianprasat P, Waler E, 2009. Knowledge, attitudes and practices among foreign backpackers towards malaria risk in Southeast Asia. J Travel Med 16: 101–106.
-
16.
Krause E, Grundmann H, Hatz C, 1999. Pretravel advice neglects rabies risk for travelers to tropical countries. J Travel Med 6: 163–167.
-
17.
Ross RS, Wolters B, Viazov SO, 2006. Awareness of rabies risks and knowledge about preventive measures among experienced German travel health advisors. J Travel Med 13: 261–267.
-
18.
Kositprapa C, Wimalratna O, Chomchey P, Chareonwai S, Benjavongkulchai M, Khawplod P, 1998. Problems with rabies post exposure management: a survey of 499 public hospitals in Thailand. J Travel Med 5: 30–32.
-
19.
Wilde H, Khawplod P, Khamoltham T, Hemachudha T, Tepsumethanon V, Lumlerdacha B, 2005. Rabies control in South and Southeast Asia. Vaccine 23: 2284–2289.
-
20.
Ly S, Buchy P, Heng NY, Ong S, Chhor N, Bourhy H, 2009. Rabies situation in Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e511.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 2071 | 1850 | 460 |
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Rabies Exposure Risk among Foreign Backpackers in Southeast Asia
Watcharapong Piyaphanee
Watcharapong Piyaphanee
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Prapimporn Shantavasinkul
Prapimporn Shantavasinkul
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Weerapong Phumratanaprapin
Weerapong Phumratanaprapin
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Piyada Udomchaisakul
Piyada Udomchaisakul
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pongdej Wichianprasat
Pongdej Wichianprasat
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Maneerat Benjavongkulchai
Maneerat Benjavongkulchai
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thitiya Ponam
Thitiya Ponam
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Terapong Tantawichian
Terapong Tantawichian
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rabies remains a problem in Southeast Asia where large numbers of backpackers visit each year. During May–June 2008, a survey study was conducted of foreign backpackers in Bangkok, Thailand to assess their risk of rabies exposure. Eight hundred seventy (870) questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The median age of the backpackers was 25.5 years. Most of them were European (68.4%), followed by North American (13.2%). Although 80.7% had sought health information before traveling, only 55.6% had received information about rabies. Only 18.1% had completed pre-exposure rabies vaccination (3 shots) before travel, whereas 70.9% had not been vaccinated for rabies at all. In this study, the incidence of being licked was 3.56%, and of being bitten 0.69%, on average stays of 30.06 days in Southeast Asia. More than a half (54%) of exposures occurred in the first 10 days after arrival in Southeast Asia.
Author Notes
Disclosure: This study, in part, was presented as a poster at the Conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine (CISTM11) Budapest, Hungary May 24–28, 2009.
Authors' addresses: Watcharapong Piyaphanee, Weerapong Phumratanaprapin, Pongdej Wichianprasat, and Thitiya Ponam, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: tewpe@mahidol.ac.th. Prapimporn Shantavasinkul, Piyada Udomchaisakul, and Maneerat Benjavongkulchai, Queen Saovabha Memorial institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand. Terapong Tantawichien, Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Wilde H, Khawplod P, Khamoltham T, Hemachudha T, Tepsumethanon V, Lumlerdacha B, Mitmoonpitak C, Sitprija V, 2005. Rabies control in South and Southeast Asia. Vaccine 23: 2284–2289.
-
2.
Bernade KW, Fishbein DB, 1991. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis for travelers: are the benefits worth the cost? Vaccine 9: 833–836.
-
3.
Meslin FX, 2005. Rabies as a travelers' risk, especially in high endemicity areas. J Travel Med 12: S30–S40.
-
4.
Phanuphak P, Ubolyam S, Sirivichayakul S, 1994. Should travelers in rabies endemic areas receive pre-exposure rabies immunization? Ann Med Interne (Paris) 145: 409–411.
-
5.
Tourism Authority of Thailand. Tourist statistics. Available at: www.tourismthailand.org. Accessed December 1, 2008.
-
6.
Menachem M, Grupper M, Paz A, Potasman I, 2008. Assessment of rabies exposure risk among Israeli travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 6: 12–16.
-
7.
World Health Organization, 2009. International Travel and Health 2009. Geneva: WHO Press, 93–145.
-
8.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009. Health Information for International Travel 2010. Atlanta, GA: Mosby Elsevier, 95–97.
-
9.
Department of Health and Health Protection Agency, Immunisation against infectious diseases (Green Book) 2006. Available at: http://www.immunisation.nhs.uk. Accessed October 18, 2009.
-
10.
Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE, 2009. Travel vaccination for rabies. Expert Rev Vaccines 7: 613–620.
-
11.
LeGuerrier P, Pilon PA, Deshaies D, Allard R, 1996. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis for the international traveler: a decision analysis. Vaccine 14: 167–176.
-
12.
Gautret P, Schwartz E, Shaw M, Soula G, Gazin P, Delmont J, Parola P, Soavi MJ, Matchett E, Brown G, Torresi J; for the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, 2007. Animal-associated injuries and related diseases among returned travelers: a review of GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Vaccine 25: 2656–2663.
-
13.
Altmann M, Parola P, Delmont J, 2009. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of French travelers from Marseille regarding rabies risk and prevention. J Travel Med 16: 107–111.
-
14.
Van Herck K, Van Damme P, Castelli F, Zuckerman J, Nothdurft H, Dahlgren AL, Gisler S, Steffen R, Gargalianos P, Lopez-Velez R, Overbosch D, Caumes E, Walker E, 2004. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in travel-related infectious diseases: the European airport survey. J Travel Med 11: 3–8.
-
15.
Piyaphanee W, Wattanagoon Y, Silachamroon U, Mansanguan C, Wichianprasat P, Waler E, 2009. Knowledge, attitudes and practices among foreign backpackers towards malaria risk in Southeast Asia. J Travel Med 16: 101–106.
-
16.
Krause E, Grundmann H, Hatz C, 1999. Pretravel advice neglects rabies risk for travelers to tropical countries. J Travel Med 6: 163–167.
-
17.
Ross RS, Wolters B, Viazov SO, 2006. Awareness of rabies risks and knowledge about preventive measures among experienced German travel health advisors. J Travel Med 13: 261–267.
-
18.
Kositprapa C, Wimalratna O, Chomchey P, Chareonwai S, Benjavongkulchai M, Khawplod P, 1998. Problems with rabies post exposure management: a survey of 499 public hospitals in Thailand. J Travel Med 5: 30–32.
-
19.
Wilde H, Khawplod P, Khamoltham T, Hemachudha T, Tepsumethanon V, Lumlerdacha B, 2005. Rabies control in South and Southeast Asia. Vaccine 23: 2284–2289.
-
20.
Ly S, Buchy P, Heng NY, Ong S, Chhor N, Bourhy H, 2009. Rabies situation in Cambodia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e511.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2071 | 1850 | 460 |
| Full Text Views | 443 | 18 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 195 | 16 | 0 |