Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Vinetz JM, Glass GE, Flexner CE, Mueller P, Kaslow DC, 1996. Sporadic urban leptospirosis. Ann Intern Med 125: 794–798.
-
2.
Reis RB, Ribeiro GS, Felzemburgh RD, Santana FS, Mohr S, Melendez AX, Queiroz A, Santos AC, Ravines RR, Tassinari WS, Carvalho MS, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2008. Impact of environment and social gradient on leptospira infection in urban slums. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e228.
-
3.
McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2005. Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18: 376–386.
-
4.
Sasaki DM, Pang L, Minette HP, Wakida CK, Fujimoto WJ, Manea SJ, Kunioka R, Middleton CR, 1993. Active surveillance and risk factors for leptospirosis in Hawaii. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48: 35–43.
-
5.
Leal-Castellanos CB, Garcia-Suarez R, Gonzalez-Figueroa E, Fuentes-Allen JL, Escobedo-de la Penal J, 2003. Risk factors and the prevalence of leptospirosis infection in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico. Epidemiol Infect 131: 1149–1156.
-
6.
de Faria MT, Calderwood MS, Athanazio DA, McBride AJ, Hartskeerl RA, Pereira MM, Ko AI, Reis MG, 2008. Carriage of Leptospira interrogans among domestic rats from an urban setting highly endemic for leptospirosis in Brazil. Acta Trop 108: 1–5.
-
7.
Koizumi N, Muto M, Tanikawa T, Mizutani H, Sohmura Y, Hayashi E, Akao N, Hoshino M, Kawabata H, Watanabe H, 2009. Human leptospirosis cases and the prevalence of rats harbouring Leptospira interrogans in urban areas of Tokyo, Japan. J Med Microbiol 58: 1227–1230.
-
8.
Johnson MA, Smith H, Joeph P, Gilman RH, Bautista CT, Campos KJ, Cespedes M, Klatsky P, Vidal C, Terry H, Calderon MM, Coral C, Cabrera L, Parmar PS, Vinetz JM, 2004. Environmental exposure and leptospirosis, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1016–1022.
-
9.
Kupek E, de Sousa Santos Faversani MC, de Souza Philippi JM, 2000. The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianopolis, Brazil, 1991–1996. Braz J Infect Dis 4: 131–134.
-
10.
Cachay ER, Vinetz JM, 2005. A global research agenda for leptospirosis. J Postgrad Med 51: 174–178.
-
11.
Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, Middleton CR, Sasaki DM, 2001. Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974–1998. Clin Infect Dis 33: 1834–1841.
-
12.
Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM, 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 757–771.
-
13.
Levett PN, Branch SL, 2002. Evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies in acute leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 745–748.
-
14.
Winslow WE, Merry DJ, Pirc ML, Devine PL, 1997. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin M antibody in diagnosis of human leptospiral infection. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1938–1942.
-
15.
Cumberland P, Everard CO, Levett PN, 1999. Assessment of the efficacy of an IgM-elisa and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in the diagnosis of acute leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 731–734.
-
16.
Bharadwaj R, Bal AM, Joshi SA, Kagal A, Pol SS, Garad G, Arjunwadkar V, Katti R, 2002. An urban outbreak of leptospirosis in Mumbai, India. Jpn J Infect Dis 55: 194–196.
-
17.
Jena AB, Mohanty KC, Devadasan N, 2004. An outbreak of leptospirosis in Orissa, India: the importance of surveillance. Trop Med Int Health 9: 1016–1021.
-
18.
Manocha H, Ghoshal U, Singh SK, Kishore J, Ayyagari A, 2004. Frequency of leptospirosis in patients of acute febrile illness in Uttar Pradesh. J Assoc Physicians India 52: 623–625.
-
19.
Vijayachari P, Sugunan AP, Sharma S, Roy S, Natarajaseenivasan K, Sehgal SC, 2008. Leptospirosis in the Andaman Islands, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 117–122.
-
20.
LaRocque RC, Breiman RF, Ari MD, Morey RE, Janan FA, Hayes JM, Hossain MA, Brooks WA, Levett PN, 2005. Leptospirosis during dengue outbreak, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 766–769.
-
21.
Morshed MG, Konishi H, Terada Y, Arimitsu Y, Nakazawa T, 1994. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in a rural flood prone district of Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 112: 527–531.
-
22.
Brooks WA, Hossain A, Goswami D, Nahar K, Alam K, Ahmed N, Naheed A, Nair GB, Luby S, Breiman RF, 2005. Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 326–329.
-
23.
Bajani MD, Ashford DA, Bragg SL, Woods CW, Aye T, Spiegel RA, Plikaytis BD, Perkins BA, Phelan M, Levett PN, Weyant RS, 2003. Evaluation of four commercially available rapid serologic tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 803–809.
-
24.
Dikken H, Kmeti E, 1978. Serological typing methods of leptospires. Norris JR, ed. Methods in Microbiology. London: Academic Press, 259–307.
-
25.
World Health Organization, 2003. Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control. Valletta, Malta: World Health Organization.
-
26.
Levett PN, 2003. Usefulness of serologic analysis as a predictor of the infecting serovar in patients with severe leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis 36: 447–452.
-
27.
Katz AR, Effler PV, Ansdell VE, 2003. Comparison of serology and isolates for the identification of infecting leptospiral serogroups in Hawaii, 1979–1998. Trop Med Int Health 8: 639–642.
-
28.
Katz AR, Effler PV, 2003. “Probable” versus “confirmed” leptospirosis: an epidemiologic and clinical comparison utilizing a surveillance case classification. Ann Epidemiol 13: 196–203.
-
29.
Yang HY, Hsu PY, Pan MJ, Wu MS, Lee CH, Yu CC, Hung CC, Yang CW, 2005. Clinical distinction and evaluation of leptospirosis in Taiwan: a case-control study. J Nephrol 18: 45–53.
-
30.
Smythe LD, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Suputtamongkol Y, Tiengrim S, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Slack AT, Apiwattanaporn A, Chueasuwanchai S, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2009. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is an unreliable predictor of infecting Leptospira serovar in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 695–697.
-
31.
Vinetz JM, 2003. A mountain out of a molehill: do we treat acute leptospirosis, and if so, with what? Clin Infect Dis 36: 1514–1515.
-
32.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296–326.
-
33.
Laras K, Cao BV, Bounlu K, Nguyen TK, Olson JG, Thongchanh S, Tran NV, Hoang KL, Punjabi N, Ha BK, Ung SA, Insisiengmay S, Watts DM, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, 2002. The importance of leptospirosis in southeast Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 278–286.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 33 | 33 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 451 | 247 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 118 | 54 | 2 |
Leptospirosis as a Cause of Fever in Urban Bangladesh
Emily A. Kendall
Emily A. Kendall
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Regina C. LaRocque
Regina C. LaRocque
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Duy M. Bui
Duy M. Bui
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Renee Galloway
Renee Galloway
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mary D. Ari
Mary D. Ari
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Doli Goswami
Doli Goswami
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Robert F. Breiman
Robert F. Breiman
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Stephen Luby
Stephen Luby
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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W. Abdullah Brooks
W. Abdullah Brooks
Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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We tested paired sera from 584 febrile persons in an low-income urban community in Bangladesh for evidence of Leptospira infection. A total of 8.4% of the persons met criteria for definite or probable infection. Persons with leptospirosis were older than those with undifferentiated fever in this population. The dominant infecting serogroups in Bangladesh differed from serogroups commonly reported in nearby regions.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (U01-AI58935 and GR-00100, K01 TW07144 to Regina C. LaRocque, and R24 TW007988 to Emily A. Kendall), by a cooperative agreement from the U.S. Agency for International Development (HRN-A-00-96-90005-00), and by core donors to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh: Centre for Health and Population Research. The funding sources had no involvement in the study design, interpretation, or decision to publish.
Authors' addresses: Emily A. Kendall, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, E-mail: e.a.kendall@vanderbilt.edu. Regina C. LaRocque, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, E-mail: rclarocque@partners.org. Duy M. Bui and Renee Galloway, Zoonotic and Select Agent Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: gum8@cdc.gov and zul0@cdc.gov. Mary D. Ari, Office of the Chief Science Officer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: mari@cdc.gov. Doli Goswami, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: drdolly@icddrb.org. Robert F. Breiman, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Stephen Luby, Programme on Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: sluby@icddrb.org. W. Abdullah Brooks, Health Systems Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: abrooks@icddrb.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Vinetz JM, Glass GE, Flexner CE, Mueller P, Kaslow DC, 1996. Sporadic urban leptospirosis. Ann Intern Med 125: 794–798.
-
2.
Reis RB, Ribeiro GS, Felzemburgh RD, Santana FS, Mohr S, Melendez AX, Queiroz A, Santos AC, Ravines RR, Tassinari WS, Carvalho MS, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2008. Impact of environment and social gradient on leptospira infection in urban slums. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e228.
-
3.
McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2005. Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18: 376–386.
-
4.
Sasaki DM, Pang L, Minette HP, Wakida CK, Fujimoto WJ, Manea SJ, Kunioka R, Middleton CR, 1993. Active surveillance and risk factors for leptospirosis in Hawaii. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48: 35–43.
-
5.
Leal-Castellanos CB, Garcia-Suarez R, Gonzalez-Figueroa E, Fuentes-Allen JL, Escobedo-de la Penal J, 2003. Risk factors and the prevalence of leptospirosis infection in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico. Epidemiol Infect 131: 1149–1156.
-
6.
de Faria MT, Calderwood MS, Athanazio DA, McBride AJ, Hartskeerl RA, Pereira MM, Ko AI, Reis MG, 2008. Carriage of Leptospira interrogans among domestic rats from an urban setting highly endemic for leptospirosis in Brazil. Acta Trop 108: 1–5.
-
7.
Koizumi N, Muto M, Tanikawa T, Mizutani H, Sohmura Y, Hayashi E, Akao N, Hoshino M, Kawabata H, Watanabe H, 2009. Human leptospirosis cases and the prevalence of rats harbouring Leptospira interrogans in urban areas of Tokyo, Japan. J Med Microbiol 58: 1227–1230.
-
8.
Johnson MA, Smith H, Joeph P, Gilman RH, Bautista CT, Campos KJ, Cespedes M, Klatsky P, Vidal C, Terry H, Calderon MM, Coral C, Cabrera L, Parmar PS, Vinetz JM, 2004. Environmental exposure and leptospirosis, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1016–1022.
-
9.
Kupek E, de Sousa Santos Faversani MC, de Souza Philippi JM, 2000. The relationship between rainfall and human leptospirosis in Florianopolis, Brazil, 1991–1996. Braz J Infect Dis 4: 131–134.
-
10.
Cachay ER, Vinetz JM, 2005. A global research agenda for leptospirosis. J Postgrad Med 51: 174–178.
-
11.
Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, Middleton CR, Sasaki DM, 2001. Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974–1998. Clin Infect Dis 33: 1834–1841.
-
12.
Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM, 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 757–771.
-
13.
Levett PN, Branch SL, 2002. Evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies in acute leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 745–748.
-
14.
Winslow WE, Merry DJ, Pirc ML, Devine PL, 1997. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin M antibody in diagnosis of human leptospiral infection. J Clin Microbiol 35: 1938–1942.
-
15.
Cumberland P, Everard CO, Levett PN, 1999. Assessment of the efficacy of an IgM-elisa and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in the diagnosis of acute leptospirosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 731–734.
-
16.
Bharadwaj R, Bal AM, Joshi SA, Kagal A, Pol SS, Garad G, Arjunwadkar V, Katti R, 2002. An urban outbreak of leptospirosis in Mumbai, India. Jpn J Infect Dis 55: 194–196.
-
17.
Jena AB, Mohanty KC, Devadasan N, 2004. An outbreak of leptospirosis in Orissa, India: the importance of surveillance. Trop Med Int Health 9: 1016–1021.
-
18.
Manocha H, Ghoshal U, Singh SK, Kishore J, Ayyagari A, 2004. Frequency of leptospirosis in patients of acute febrile illness in Uttar Pradesh. J Assoc Physicians India 52: 623–625.
-
19.
Vijayachari P, Sugunan AP, Sharma S, Roy S, Natarajaseenivasan K, Sehgal SC, 2008. Leptospirosis in the Andaman Islands, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 117–122.
-
20.
LaRocque RC, Breiman RF, Ari MD, Morey RE, Janan FA, Hayes JM, Hossain MA, Brooks WA, Levett PN, 2005. Leptospirosis during dengue outbreak, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 766–769.
-
21.
Morshed MG, Konishi H, Terada Y, Arimitsu Y, Nakazawa T, 1994. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in a rural flood prone district of Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 112: 527–531.
-
22.
Brooks WA, Hossain A, Goswami D, Nahar K, Alam K, Ahmed N, Naheed A, Nair GB, Luby S, Breiman RF, 2005. Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 326–329.
-
23.
Bajani MD, Ashford DA, Bragg SL, Woods CW, Aye T, Spiegel RA, Plikaytis BD, Perkins BA, Phelan M, Levett PN, Weyant RS, 2003. Evaluation of four commercially available rapid serologic tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 803–809.
-
24.
Dikken H, Kmeti E, 1978. Serological typing methods of leptospires. Norris JR, ed. Methods in Microbiology. London: Academic Press, 259–307.
-
25.
World Health Organization, 2003. Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control. Valletta, Malta: World Health Organization.
-
26.
Levett PN, 2003. Usefulness of serologic analysis as a predictor of the infecting serovar in patients with severe leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis 36: 447–452.
-
27.
Katz AR, Effler PV, Ansdell VE, 2003. Comparison of serology and isolates for the identification of infecting leptospiral serogroups in Hawaii, 1979–1998. Trop Med Int Health 8: 639–642.
-
28.
Katz AR, Effler PV, 2003. “Probable” versus “confirmed” leptospirosis: an epidemiologic and clinical comparison utilizing a surveillance case classification. Ann Epidemiol 13: 196–203.
-
29.
Yang HY, Hsu PY, Pan MJ, Wu MS, Lee CH, Yu CC, Hung CC, Yang CW, 2005. Clinical distinction and evaluation of leptospirosis in Taiwan: a case-control study. J Nephrol 18: 45–53.
-
30.
Smythe LD, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Suputtamongkol Y, Tiengrim S, Dohnt MF, Symonds ML, Slack AT, Apiwattanaporn A, Chueasuwanchai S, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2009. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is an unreliable predictor of infecting Leptospira serovar in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 695–697.
-
31.
Vinetz JM, 2003. A mountain out of a molehill: do we treat acute leptospirosis, and if so, with what? Clin Infect Dis 36: 1514–1515.
-
32.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296–326.
-
33.
Laras K, Cao BV, Bounlu K, Nguyen TK, Olson JG, Thongchanh S, Tran NV, Hoang KL, Punjabi N, Ha BK, Ung SA, Insisiengmay S, Watts DM, Beecham HJ, Corwin AL, 2002. The importance of leptospirosis in southeast Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 278–286.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 33 | 33 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 451 | 247 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 118 | 54 | 2 |