ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Cheng AC, Currie BJ, 2005. Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 383–416.
-
2.
Suputtamongkol Y, Hall AJ, Dance DA, Chaowagul W, Rajchanuvong A, Smith MD, White NJ, 1994. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, northeast Thailand. Int J Epidemiol 23: 1082–1090.
-
3.
Currie BJ, Fisher DA, Howard DM, Burrow JN, Selvanayagam S, Snelling PL, Anstey NM, Mayo MJ, 2000. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Acta Trop 74: 121–127.
-
4.
Currie BJ, Dance DA, Cheng AC, 2008. The global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis: an update. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 (Suppl 1): S1–S4.
-
5.
Rolim DB, Vilar DC, Sousa AQ, Miralles IS, de Oliveira DC, Harnett G, O'Reilly L, Howard K, Sampson I, Inglis TJ, 2005. Melioidosis, northeastern Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1458–1460.
-
6.
Currie BJ, Jacups SP, Cheng AC, Fisher DA, Anstey NM, Huffam SE, Krause VL, 2004. Melioidosis epidemiology and risk factors from a prospective whole-population study in northern Australia. Trop Med Int Health 9: 1167–1174.
-
7.
Currie BJ, Fisher DA, Howard DM, Burrow JN, Lo D, Selva-Nayagam S, Anstey NM, Huffam SE, Snelling PL, Marks PJ, Stephens DP, Lum GD, Jacups SP, Krause VL, 2000. Endemic melioidosis in tropical northern Australia: a 10-year prospective study and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 31: 981–986.
-
9.
Cheng AC, Stephens DP, Anstey NM, Currie BJ, 2004. Adjunctive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of septic shock due to melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 38: 32–37.
-
10.
Warner JM, Pelowa DB, Currie BJ, Hirst RG, 2007. Melioidosis in a rural community of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 809–813.
-
11.
Chaowagul W, Simpson AJ, Suputtamongkol Y, Smith MD, Angus BJ, White NJ, 1999. A comparison of chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline with doxycycline alone as maintenance therapy for melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 29: 375–380.
-
12.
Chaowagul W, Chierakul W, Simpson AJ, Short JM, Stepniewska K, Maharjan B, Rajchanuvong A, Busarawong D, Limmathurotsakul D, Cheng AC, Wuthiekanun V, Newton PN, White NJ, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2005. Open-label randomized trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline for maintenance therapy of melioidosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 4020–4025.
-
13.
Cheng AC, Limmathurotsakul D, Chierakul W, Getchalarat N, Wuthiekanun V, Stephens DP, Day NP, White NJ, Chaowagul W, Currie BJ, Peacock SJ, 2007. A randomized controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of severe sepsis due to melioidosis in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 45: 308–314.
-
14.
Chierakul W, Anunnatsiri S, Short JM, Maharjan B, Mootsikapun P, Simpson AJ, Limmathurotsakul D, Cheng AC, Stepniewska K, Newton PN, Chaowagul W, White NJ, Peacock SJ, Day NP, Chetchotisakd P, 2005. Two randomized controlled trials of ceftazidime alone versus ceftazidime in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 41: 1105–1113.
-
15.
Aekplakorn W, Abbott-Klafter J, Premgamone A, Dhanamun B, Chaikittiporn C, Chongsuvivatwong V, Suwanprapisa T, Chaipornsupaisan W, Tiptaradol S, Lim SS, 2007. Prevalence and management of diabetes and associated risk factors by regions of Thailand: Third National Health Examination Survey 2004. Diabetes Care 30: 2007–2012.
-
16.
Bureau of Policy and Strategy MoPH, 2009. Thailand Health Profile 2005–2007. Bangkok: The War Veterans Organization of Thailand Publishing, 161–172.
-
17.
White NJ, Dance DA, Chaowagul W, Wattanagoon Y, Wuthiekanun V, Pitakwatchara N, 1989. Halving of mortality of severe melioidosis by ceftazidime. Lancet 2: 697–701.
-
18.
Overtoom R, Khieu V, Hem S, Cavailler P, Te V, Chan S, Lau P, Guillard B, Vong S, 2008. A first report of pulmonary melioidosis in Cambodia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 (Suppl 1): S21–S25.
-
19.
Phetsouvanh R, Phongmany S, Newton P, Mayxay M, Ramsay A, Wuthiekanun V, White NJ, 2001. Melioidosis and Pandora's box in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Clin Infect Dis 32: 653–654.
-
20.
Wuthiekanun V, Pheaktra N, Putchhat H, Sin L, Sen B, Kumar V, Langla S, Peacock SJ, Day NP, 2008. Burkholderia pseudomallei antibodies in children, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 301–303.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1212 | 843 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 814 | 26 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 397 | 24 | 1 |
Increasing Incidence of Human Melioidosis in Northeast Thailand
Direk Limmathurotsakul
Direk Limmathurotsakul
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin
Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Nittaya Teerawattanasook
Nittaya Teerawattanasook
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gumphol Wongsuvan
Gumphol Wongsuvan
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Seksan Chaisuksant
Seksan Chaisuksant
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Ploenchan Chetchotisakd
Ploenchan Chetchotisakd
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wipada Chaowagul
Wipada Chaowagul
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Nicholas P.J. Day
Nicholas P.J. Day
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sharon J. Peacock
Sharon J. Peacock
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Melioidosis is a serious community-acquired infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. A prospective cohort study identified 2,243 patients admitted to Sappasithiprasong Hospital in northeast Thailand with culture-confirmed melioidosis between 1997 and 2006. These data were used to calculate an average incidence rate for the province of 12.7 cases of melioidosis per 100,000 people per year. Incidence increased incrementally from 8.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.2–10.0) in 2000 to 21.3 (95% CI = 19.2–23.6) in 2006 (P < 0.001; χ2 test for trend). Male sex, age ≥ 45 years, and either known or undiagnosed diabetes were independent risk factors for melioidosis. The average mortality rate from melioidosis over the study period was 42.6%. The minimum estimated population mortality rate from melioidosis in 2006 was 8.63 per 100,000 people (95% CI = 7.33–10.11), the third most common cause of death from infectious diseases in northeast Thailand after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain.
Authors' addresses: Direk Limmathurotsakul, Gumphol Wongsuvan, and Nicholas P. J. Day, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: direk@tropmedres.ac, gumphol@tropmedres.ac, and nickd@tropmedres.ac. Surasakdi Wongratanacheewin, Department of Microbiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: sura_wng@kku.ac.th. Nittaya Teerawattanasook, Department of Microbiology, Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Seksan Chaisuksant, Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: ploenchan@kku.ac.th. Wipada Chaowagul, Department of Medicine, Sappsithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, E-mail: vipada_1@yahoo.com. Sharon J. Peacock, Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, E-mail: sharon@tropmedres.ac.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Cheng AC, Currie BJ, 2005. Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 383–416.
-
2.
Suputtamongkol Y, Hall AJ, Dance DA, Chaowagul W, Rajchanuvong A, Smith MD, White NJ, 1994. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, northeast Thailand. Int J Epidemiol 23: 1082–1090.
-
3.
Currie BJ, Fisher DA, Howard DM, Burrow JN, Selvanayagam S, Snelling PL, Anstey NM, Mayo MJ, 2000. The epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Acta Trop 74: 121–127.
-
4.
Currie BJ, Dance DA, Cheng AC, 2008. The global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis: an update. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 (Suppl 1): S1–S4.
-
5.
Rolim DB, Vilar DC, Sousa AQ, Miralles IS, de Oliveira DC, Harnett G, O'Reilly L, Howard K, Sampson I, Inglis TJ, 2005. Melioidosis, northeastern Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1458–1460.
-
6.
Currie BJ, Jacups SP, Cheng AC, Fisher DA, Anstey NM, Huffam SE, Krause VL, 2004. Melioidosis epidemiology and risk factors from a prospective whole-population study in northern Australia. Trop Med Int Health 9: 1167–1174.
-
7.
Currie BJ, Fisher DA, Howard DM, Burrow JN, Lo D, Selva-Nayagam S, Anstey NM, Huffam SE, Snelling PL, Marks PJ, Stephens DP, Lum GD, Jacups SP, Krause VL, 2000. Endemic melioidosis in tropical northern Australia: a 10-year prospective study and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 31: 981–986.
-
9.
Cheng AC, Stephens DP, Anstey NM, Currie BJ, 2004. Adjunctive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of septic shock due to melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 38: 32–37.
-
10.
Warner JM, Pelowa DB, Currie BJ, Hirst RG, 2007. Melioidosis in a rural community of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 809–813.
-
11.
Chaowagul W, Simpson AJ, Suputtamongkol Y, Smith MD, Angus BJ, White NJ, 1999. A comparison of chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline with doxycycline alone as maintenance therapy for melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 29: 375–380.
-
12.
Chaowagul W, Chierakul W, Simpson AJ, Short JM, Stepniewska K, Maharjan B, Rajchanuvong A, Busarawong D, Limmathurotsakul D, Cheng AC, Wuthiekanun V, Newton PN, White NJ, Day NP, Peacock SJ, 2005. Open-label randomized trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline for maintenance therapy of melioidosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 4020–4025.
-
13.
Cheng AC, Limmathurotsakul D, Chierakul W, Getchalarat N, Wuthiekanun V, Stephens DP, Day NP, White NJ, Chaowagul W, Currie BJ, Peacock SJ, 2007. A randomized controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of severe sepsis due to melioidosis in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 45: 308–314.
-
14.
Chierakul W, Anunnatsiri S, Short JM, Maharjan B, Mootsikapun P, Simpson AJ, Limmathurotsakul D, Cheng AC, Stepniewska K, Newton PN, Chaowagul W, White NJ, Peacock SJ, Day NP, Chetchotisakd P, 2005. Two randomized controlled trials of ceftazidime alone versus ceftazidime in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis. Clin Infect Dis 41: 1105–1113.
-
15.
Aekplakorn W, Abbott-Klafter J, Premgamone A, Dhanamun B, Chaikittiporn C, Chongsuvivatwong V, Suwanprapisa T, Chaipornsupaisan W, Tiptaradol S, Lim SS, 2007. Prevalence and management of diabetes and associated risk factors by regions of Thailand: Third National Health Examination Survey 2004. Diabetes Care 30: 2007–2012.
-
16.
Bureau of Policy and Strategy MoPH, 2009. Thailand Health Profile 2005–2007. Bangkok: The War Veterans Organization of Thailand Publishing, 161–172.
-
17.
White NJ, Dance DA, Chaowagul W, Wattanagoon Y, Wuthiekanun V, Pitakwatchara N, 1989. Halving of mortality of severe melioidosis by ceftazidime. Lancet 2: 697–701.
-
18.
Overtoom R, Khieu V, Hem S, Cavailler P, Te V, Chan S, Lau P, Guillard B, Vong S, 2008. A first report of pulmonary melioidosis in Cambodia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102 (Suppl 1): S21–S25.
-
19.
Phetsouvanh R, Phongmany S, Newton P, Mayxay M, Ramsay A, Wuthiekanun V, White NJ, 2001. Melioidosis and Pandora's box in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Clin Infect Dis 32: 653–654.
-
20.
Wuthiekanun V, Pheaktra N, Putchhat H, Sin L, Sen B, Kumar V, Langla S, Peacock SJ, Day NP, 2008. Burkholderia pseudomallei antibodies in children, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 301–303.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1212 | 843 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 814 | 26 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 397 | 24 | 1 |