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We used kernel density and scan statistics to examine the spatial distribution of cases of pediatric and adult American cutaneous leishmaniasis in an urban disease-endemic area in Salta Province, Argentina. Spatial analysis was used for the whole population and stratified by women > 14 years of age (n = 159), men > 14 years of age (n = 667), and children < 15 years of age (n = 213). Although kernel density for adults encompassed nearly the entire city, distribution in children was most prevalent in the peripheral areas of the city. Scan statistic analysis for adult males, adult females, and children found 11, 2, and 8 clusters, respectively. Clusters for children had the highest odds ratios (P < 0.05) and were located in proximity of plantations and secondary vegetation. The data from this study provide further evidence of the potential urban transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Argentina.
Financial support: This study was supported by the Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Salta and the Secretaria de Ciencia y Técnica de la Nación through PICTo-2006 and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France.
Authors' addresses: José F. Gil, Silvana P. Cajal, Marisa Juarez, and Norma Acosta, Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Salta, Argentina, E-mails: jgil@unsa.edu.ar, spcajal@yahoo.com, marjualu@yahoo.com.ar, and acosta.nor@gmail.com. Julio R. Nasser and Rubén O. Cimino, Cátedra de Química Biológica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina, E-mails: nasserj@unsa.edu.ar and rcimino@unsa.com.ar. Patricio Diosque, Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina, E-mail: pdiosque@yahoo.com.ar. Alejandro J. Krolewiecki, Área de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Huesped, Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mail: alekrol@huesped.org.ar.