World Health Organization, 2002. Control of Chagas disease. Report of a WHO Expert Committee Technical report series. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Schofield CJ, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
Zárate LG & Zárate RJ 1985. A checklist of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Ruduviidae) of México. International J Entomol 27: 102–127.
Guzmán-Bracho C 2001. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Mexico: and update. Trends Parasitol 17: 372–376.
Galvão C, Carcavallo R, Da Silva Rocha D, Jurberg J, 2003. A checklist of the current valid species of the subfamily Triatominae Jeannel, 1919 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their geographical distribution with nomenclatural and taxonomic note. Zootaxa 202: 1–36.
Martínez F, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Hortelano-Moncada Y, Espinoza B, 2005. Molecular taxonomic study of Chagas disease vectors from the Phyllosoma, Lecticularia and Rubrofasciata complexes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 321–325.
Vidal-Acosta V, Ibáñez S, Bernal R, Martínez-Campos C, 2000. Infección natural de chinches Triatominae con Trypanosoma cruzi asociada a la vivienda humana en México. Salud Públ Méx 42: 496–503.
Flores A, Magallón-Gastélum E, Bosseno MF, Ordoñez R, Lozano Kasten F, Espinoza B, Ramsey J, Breniere F, 2001. Isoenzyme variability of five principal triatomine vector species of Chagas disease in Mexico. Infect Genet Evol 1: 21–28.
Cohen JM, Wilson ML, Cruz-Celis A, Ramsey JM, 2006. Infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) is associated with housing characteristics in rural Mexico. J Med Entomol 43: 1252–1260.
Magallón-Gastélum E, Lozano-Kasten F, Soto-Gutiérrez M, Flores-Pérez A, Sánchez B, Espinoza B, Bosseno MF, Brenière SF, 2006. Epidemiological risk for Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by species of Phyllosoma complex in the occidental part of Mexico. Acta Trop 97: 331–338.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Bárcenas-Ortega NM, Nogueda-Torres B, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Lino-Rodríguez M, Magallón-Gastélum E, López-Martínez V, Romero-Nápoles J, 2001. Role of two Triatoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) species in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) to man in the west coast of Mexico. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 141–144.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Grant-Guillén Y, Morales-Corona ZY, Haro-Rodriguez S, Ventura-Rodríguez LV, Nogueda-Torres B, Bustos-Saldaña R, 2008. Importance of species of Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in western Mexico. J Med Entomol 45: 476–482.
Usinger R, 1944. The Triatominae of North and Central America and the West Indies and their public health significance. Publ Health Bull 288: 1–83.
Mazzotti L, Osorio MT, 1942. Cruzamientos experimentales entre varias especies de Triatomas. Rev Mex Med 22: 215–222.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Ventura-Rodríguez LV, Meillon-Isais K, Barajas-Martínez H, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Lupercio-Coronel P, Rocha-Chávez G, Nogueda-Torres B, 2008. Biological and genetic aspects of experimental hybrids from species of the Phyllosoma complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 236–243.
Lent H, Wygodzinsky P, 1979. Revision of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and their significance as vector of Chagas disease. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 163: 125–520.
Martínez F, Villalobos G, Cevallos AM, de la Torre P, Laclette JP, Alejandre-Aguilar R & Espinoza B 2006. Taxonomic study of the Phyllosoma complex and other triatomine (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species of epidemiological importance in the transmission of Chagas disease: using ITS-2 and mtCytB sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 41: 279–287.
Marcilla A, Bargues MD, Ramsey JM, Magallon-Gastelum E, Salazar-Shettino PM, Abad-Franch F, Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ, Mas-Coma S, 2001. The ITS-2 of the nuclear rDNA as a molecular marker for populations, species, and phylogenetic relationships in Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vector of Chagas disease. Mol Phylogenet Evol 18: 136–142.
Hypsa V, Tietz D, Zivavy J, Rigo RO, Galvao C, Jurberg J, 2002. Phylogeny and biogeography of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): molecular evidence of a New World origin of the Asiatic Clade. Mol Phylogenet Evol 23: 447–457.
Dujardin JP, Steindel M, Chavez T, Machane M, Schofield CJ, 1999. Changes in the sexual dimorphism of Triatominae in the transition from natural to artificial habitats. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94: 565–569.
Espinoza-Gómez F, Maldonado-Gutiérrez A, Coll-Cardenas R, Hernández-Suárez CM, Fernández-Salas I, 2002. Presence of triatominae Hemiptera Reduviidae and risk of trasmisión of Chagas disease in Colima México. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97: 25–30.
Walter A, Lozano-Kasten F, Bosseno MF, Ruvalcaba EG, Gutierrez MS, Luna CE, Baunaure F, Phélinas P, Magallón-Gastélum E, Brenière SF, 2007. Peridomicilary habitat and risk factors for Triatoma infestation in a rural community of the Mexican occident. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 508–515.
Brenière SF, Bosseno MF, Magallón-Gastelúm E, Castillo-Ruvalcaba EG, Soto-Gutiérrez M, Montaño-Luna EC, Tejeda-Basulto J, Mathieu-Daudè F, Walter A, Lozano-Kasten F, 2007. Peridomestic colonization of Triatoma longipennis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and Triatoma barberi (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in a rural community with active transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Jalisco state, Mexico. Acta Trop 101: 249–257.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Morales-Corona Z, Moreno Ruiz MG, 2005. Híbridos naturales fértiles entre especies del complejo Meccus phyllosoma (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Jalisco México. Entomol Mex 4: 313–319.
Catalá SS, Dujardin JP, 2007. Estructuración poblacional en los triatominos. Una visión cuantitativa de la morfología. Triatominos de Bolivia. Editado por el Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia. Programa Nacional de Chagas.
Catalá S, Sachetto C, Moreno M, Rosales R, Salazar-Schettino PM, Gorla D, 2005. Antennal phenotype of Triatoma dimidiata populations and its relationship with species of Phyllosoma and Protracta complexes. J Med Entomol 42: 719–725.
Magallón-Gastélum E, Magdaleno-Peñaloza NC, Katthain-Duchateau G, Trujillo-Contreras F, Lozano-Kasten FJ, Hernández-Gutiérrez R, 1998. Distribución de los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), en el estado de Jalisco, México. Rev Biomed 9: 151–157.
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 4876–4882.
Kimura M, 1980. A simple model for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16: 111–120.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 2004. MEGA3: integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5: 150–163.
Posada D, Crandall KA, 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of ADN substitution. Bioinform 14: 817–818.
Ronquis F, Huelsenbeck JP, 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinform 19: 1572–1574.
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, Nielsen R, Bollback JP, 2001. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 14: 2310–2314.
Holder M, Lewis PO, 2003. Phylogeny estimation: traditional and Bayesian approaches. Nat Rev Genet 4: 275–284.
Catalá S, Schofield CJ, 1994. The antennal sensilla of Rodhnius. J Morphol 219: 193–203.
Pfeiler E, Bitler BG, Ramsey JM, Palacios-Cardiel C, Markow TA, 2006. Genetic variation population structure and phylogenetic relationships of Triatoma rubida and Triatoma recurva (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from the Sonoran Desert, insect vectors of the Chagas'disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol. Phyllo. Evol. 41: 435–446.
Arnold ML, 1997. Natural Hybridization and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 232.
Monteiro FA, Donnelly MJ, Beard CB, Costa J, 2004. Nested clade and phylogeographic analyses of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil. Mol Phylogenet Evol 32: 46–56.
Costa J, Peterson TA, Dujardin JP, 2009. Morphological evidence suggests homoploid hybridization as a possible mode of speciation in the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Infect Genet Evol 9: 263–270.
Schliewen UK, Klee B, 2004. Reticulate sympatric speciation in Cameroonian Crater Lake cichlids. Front Zool 1: 1–12.
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The nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome B gene and the antennal phenotypes were analyzed for the following triatomine species: Triatoma longipennis, Triatoma pallidipennis, and Triatoma picturata, which belong to the Phyllosoma complex. These species inhabit sympatric areas from Talpa de Allende, Autlan de Navarro, and Teocuitatlan de Corona in Jalisco, Mexico. Molecular marker analysis showed that the sympatric individuals are the natural crossbred descendents of different individuals living in close proximity in these natural areas that resulted in mixed populations. The antennal phenotype results are coincident with these genetic findings, which point to the high similitude between all Phyllosoma complex populations analyzed. These data support the hypothesis that these species are morphotypes with chromatic and genetic varieties, which preserves the possibility of natural breeding with fertile descent. In conclusion, our results strongly support the hypothesis that T. pallidipennis, T. longipennis, and T. picturata are subspecies of the Phyllosoma complex.
Financial support: This work was support by grant number IN 212806 from PAPIIT-DGAPA Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Fernando Martínez-Hernandez would like to acknowledge Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia for the scholarship during his Ph.D. studies and the Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes de Posgrado from Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico for the economical support to visit the Centro Regional de Investigacion Cientifica y Transferencia Tecnologica (CRILAR), Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina.
Authors' addresses: Fernando Martínez-Hernandez, Guiehdani Villalobos, Patricia de la Torre, Juan P. Laclette, and Bertha Espinoza, Departamento de Immunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico, E-mails: fherxyz@yahoo.com.mx, guiehda@yahoo.com.mx, pdltorre@servidor.unam.mx, laclette@servidor.unam.mx, and besgu@biomedicas.unam.mx. Jose A. Martínez-Ibarra, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México, E-mail: aibarra@cusur.udg.mx. Silvia Catalá, Centro Regional de Investigación Científica y Transferencia Tecnológica (CRILAR), Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina and Departamento de Parasitología, Anillaco - La Rioja, Argentina, E-mail: scatala@crilar.com.ar. Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar, Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F., Mexico, E-mail: rialejandre@yahoo.com.mx.
Reprint requests: Bertha Espinoza, Departamento de Immunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, P.C. 04510, Mexico, D.F., Tel: (525) 56 22 89 43, Fax: (525) 56 22 91 98, E-mail: besgu@biomedicas.unam.mx.
World Health Organization, 2002. Control of Chagas disease. Report of a WHO Expert Committee Technical report series. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Schofield CJ, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
Zárate LG & Zárate RJ 1985. A checklist of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Ruduviidae) of México. International J Entomol 27: 102–127.
Guzmán-Bracho C 2001. Epidemiology of Chagas disease in Mexico: and update. Trends Parasitol 17: 372–376.
Galvão C, Carcavallo R, Da Silva Rocha D, Jurberg J, 2003. A checklist of the current valid species of the subfamily Triatominae Jeannel, 1919 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and their geographical distribution with nomenclatural and taxonomic note. Zootaxa 202: 1–36.
Martínez F, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Hortelano-Moncada Y, Espinoza B, 2005. Molecular taxonomic study of Chagas disease vectors from the Phyllosoma, Lecticularia and Rubrofasciata complexes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 321–325.
Vidal-Acosta V, Ibáñez S, Bernal R, Martínez-Campos C, 2000. Infección natural de chinches Triatominae con Trypanosoma cruzi asociada a la vivienda humana en México. Salud Públ Méx 42: 496–503.
Flores A, Magallón-Gastélum E, Bosseno MF, Ordoñez R, Lozano Kasten F, Espinoza B, Ramsey J, Breniere F, 2001. Isoenzyme variability of five principal triatomine vector species of Chagas disease in Mexico. Infect Genet Evol 1: 21–28.
Cohen JM, Wilson ML, Cruz-Celis A, Ramsey JM, 2006. Infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) is associated with housing characteristics in rural Mexico. J Med Entomol 43: 1252–1260.
Magallón-Gastélum E, Lozano-Kasten F, Soto-Gutiérrez M, Flores-Pérez A, Sánchez B, Espinoza B, Bosseno MF, Brenière SF, 2006. Epidemiological risk for Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by species of Phyllosoma complex in the occidental part of Mexico. Acta Trop 97: 331–338.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Bárcenas-Ortega NM, Nogueda-Torres B, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Lino-Rodríguez M, Magallón-Gastélum E, López-Martínez V, Romero-Nápoles J, 2001. Role of two Triatoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) species in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) to man in the west coast of Mexico. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 141–144.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Grant-Guillén Y, Morales-Corona ZY, Haro-Rodriguez S, Ventura-Rodríguez LV, Nogueda-Torres B, Bustos-Saldaña R, 2008. Importance of species of Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in western Mexico. J Med Entomol 45: 476–482.
Usinger R, 1944. The Triatominae of North and Central America and the West Indies and their public health significance. Publ Health Bull 288: 1–83.
Mazzotti L, Osorio MT, 1942. Cruzamientos experimentales entre varias especies de Triatomas. Rev Mex Med 22: 215–222.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Ventura-Rodríguez LV, Meillon-Isais K, Barajas-Martínez H, Alejandre-Aguilar R, Lupercio-Coronel P, Rocha-Chávez G, Nogueda-Torres B, 2008. Biological and genetic aspects of experimental hybrids from species of the Phyllosoma complex (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 236–243.
Lent H, Wygodzinsky P, 1979. Revision of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and their significance as vector of Chagas disease. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 163: 125–520.
Martínez F, Villalobos G, Cevallos AM, de la Torre P, Laclette JP, Alejandre-Aguilar R & Espinoza B 2006. Taxonomic study of the Phyllosoma complex and other triatomine (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species of epidemiological importance in the transmission of Chagas disease: using ITS-2 and mtCytB sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 41: 279–287.
Marcilla A, Bargues MD, Ramsey JM, Magallon-Gastelum E, Salazar-Shettino PM, Abad-Franch F, Dujardin JP, Schofield CJ, Mas-Coma S, 2001. The ITS-2 of the nuclear rDNA as a molecular marker for populations, species, and phylogenetic relationships in Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vector of Chagas disease. Mol Phylogenet Evol 18: 136–142.
Hypsa V, Tietz D, Zivavy J, Rigo RO, Galvao C, Jurberg J, 2002. Phylogeny and biogeography of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): molecular evidence of a New World origin of the Asiatic Clade. Mol Phylogenet Evol 23: 447–457.
Dujardin JP, Steindel M, Chavez T, Machane M, Schofield CJ, 1999. Changes in the sexual dimorphism of Triatominae in the transition from natural to artificial habitats. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94: 565–569.
Espinoza-Gómez F, Maldonado-Gutiérrez A, Coll-Cardenas R, Hernández-Suárez CM, Fernández-Salas I, 2002. Presence of triatominae Hemiptera Reduviidae and risk of trasmisión of Chagas disease in Colima México. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97: 25–30.
Walter A, Lozano-Kasten F, Bosseno MF, Ruvalcaba EG, Gutierrez MS, Luna CE, Baunaure F, Phélinas P, Magallón-Gastélum E, Brenière SF, 2007. Peridomicilary habitat and risk factors for Triatoma infestation in a rural community of the Mexican occident. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 508–515.
Brenière SF, Bosseno MF, Magallón-Gastelúm E, Castillo-Ruvalcaba EG, Soto-Gutiérrez M, Montaño-Luna EC, Tejeda-Basulto J, Mathieu-Daudè F, Walter A, Lozano-Kasten F, 2007. Peridomestic colonization of Triatoma longipennis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and Triatoma barberi (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) in a rural community with active transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Jalisco state, Mexico. Acta Trop 101: 249–257.
Martínez-Ibarra JA, Morales-Corona Z, Moreno Ruiz MG, 2005. Híbridos naturales fértiles entre especies del complejo Meccus phyllosoma (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Jalisco México. Entomol Mex 4: 313–319.
Catalá SS, Dujardin JP, 2007. Estructuración poblacional en los triatominos. Una visión cuantitativa de la morfología. Triatominos de Bolivia. Editado por el Ministerio de Salud de Bolivia. Programa Nacional de Chagas.
Catalá S, Sachetto C, Moreno M, Rosales R, Salazar-Schettino PM, Gorla D, 2005. Antennal phenotype of Triatoma dimidiata populations and its relationship with species of Phyllosoma and Protracta complexes. J Med Entomol 42: 719–725.
Magallón-Gastélum E, Magdaleno-Peñaloza NC, Katthain-Duchateau G, Trujillo-Contreras F, Lozano-Kasten FJ, Hernández-Gutiérrez R, 1998. Distribución de los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), en el estado de Jalisco, México. Rev Biomed 9: 151–157.
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 4876–4882.
Kimura M, 1980. A simple model for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16: 111–120.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 2004. MEGA3: integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5: 150–163.
Posada D, Crandall KA, 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of ADN substitution. Bioinform 14: 817–818.
Ronquis F, Huelsenbeck JP, 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinform 19: 1572–1574.
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, Nielsen R, Bollback JP, 2001. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 14: 2310–2314.
Holder M, Lewis PO, 2003. Phylogeny estimation: traditional and Bayesian approaches. Nat Rev Genet 4: 275–284.
Catalá S, Schofield CJ, 1994. The antennal sensilla of Rodhnius. J Morphol 219: 193–203.
Pfeiler E, Bitler BG, Ramsey JM, Palacios-Cardiel C, Markow TA, 2006. Genetic variation population structure and phylogenetic relationships of Triatoma rubida and Triatoma recurva (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from the Sonoran Desert, insect vectors of the Chagas'disease parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol. Phyllo. Evol. 41: 435–446.
Arnold ML, 1997. Natural Hybridization and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 232.
Monteiro FA, Donnelly MJ, Beard CB, Costa J, 2004. Nested clade and phylogeographic analyses of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil. Mol Phylogenet Evol 32: 46–56.
Costa J, Peterson TA, Dujardin JP, 2009. Morphological evidence suggests homoploid hybridization as a possible mode of speciation in the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Infect Genet Evol 9: 263–270.
Schliewen UK, Klee B, 2004. Reticulate sympatric speciation in Cameroonian Crater Lake cichlids. Front Zool 1: 1–12.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 923 | 876 | 709 |
Full Text Views | 373 | 8 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 75 | 9 | 4 |