World Health Organization, 2002. Report of the Expert Committee on the Control of Chagas’ Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Pan-American Health Organization, 2007. Report of the technical consultation on information, education and communication (IEC) on congenital Chagas’ disease. Available at: http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/dch-congenita-iec-07.doc. Accessed December 3, 2007
Buekens P, Almendares O, Carlier Y, Dumonteil E, Eberhard M, Gamboa-Leon R, James M, Padilla N, Wesson D, Xiong X, 2008. Mother-to-child transmission of Chagas’ disease in North America: why don’t we do more? Matern Child Health J 12: 283–286.
Blanco SB, Segura EL, Cura EN, Chuit R, Tulian L, Flores I, Garbarino G, Villalonga JF, Gurtler RE, 2000. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: an operational outline for detecting and treating infected infants in northwestern Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 5: 293–301.
Carlier Y, Torrico F, 2003. Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: from mechanisms of transmission to strategies for diagnosis and control. Conclusions of round tables and synopsis of an international colloquium. Cochabamba, Bolivia, November 6–8, 2002. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36: 767–771.
Gurtler RE, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2003. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 29–32.
Russomando G, Almiron M, Candia N, Franco L, Sanchez Z, de Guillen I, 2005. Implementación y evaluación de un sistema localmente sustentable de diagnóstico prenatal que permite detectar casos de transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas en zonas endémicas del Paraguay. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38: 49–54.
Freilij H, Muller L, Gonzales Cappa SM, 1983. Direct micro-method for diagnosis of acute and congenital Chagas’desease. J Clin Microbiol 18: 327–330.
Affranchino JL, Ibanez CF, Luquetti AO, Rassi A, Reyes MB, Macina RA, Aslund L, Pettersson U, Frasch AC, 1989. Identification of a Trypanosoma cruzi antigen that is shed during the acute phase of Chagas’ disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 34: 221–228.
Frasch AC, Reyes MB, 1990. Diagnosis of Chagas’ disease using recombinant DNA technology. Parasitol Today 6: 137–139.
Reyes MB, Lorca M, Munoz P, Frasch AC, 1990. Fetal IgG specificities against Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in infected newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 2846–2850.
Cazzulo JJ, Frasch AC, 1992. SAPA/trans-sialidase and cruzipain: two antigens from Trypanosoma cruzi contain immunodominant but enzymatically inactive domains. FASEB J 6: 3259–3264.
Russomando G, 1999. Assessment of a locally sustainable system for Chagas’ disease diagnosis in two endemic regions of Paraguay. TDR News 16. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdrold/research/finalreps/pdf/fr16.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2009
Breniere SF, Bosseno MF, Noireau F, Yacsik N, Liegeard P, Aznar C, Hontebeyrie M, 2002. Integrated study of a Bolivian population infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas’ disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97: 289–295.
Vergara U, Veloso C, Gonzalez A, Lorca M, 1992. Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Chagas’ disease using synthetic peptides. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 39–43.
Mallimaci MC, Sijvarger C, Dates A, Alvarez M, Sosa-Estani S, 2001. Seroprevalence of Chagas’ disease in Ushuaia, Argentina, an area without triatominae. Rev Panam Salud Publica 9: 169–171.
Ministerio de Salud de Argentina, Programa Federal de Chagas’, 2007. Situación de la enfermedad de Chagas y su control en Argentina. Available at: http://www.msal.gov.ar/chagas/home.htm. Accessed April 20, 2009
Brutus L, Schneider D, Postigo J, Delgado W, Mollinedo S, Chippaux JP, 2007. Evidence of congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a vector-free area of Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 1159–1160.
Mora MC, Sanchez Negrette O, Marco D, Barrio A, Ciaccio M, Segura MA, Basombrio MA, 2005. Early diagnosis of congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection using PCR, hemoculture, and capillary concentration, as compared with delayed serology. J Parasitol 91: 1468–1473.
Diez CN, Manattini S, Zanuttini JC, Bottasso O, Marcipar I, 2008. The value of molecular studies for the diagnosis of congenital Chagas’ disease in northeastern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 624–627.
Zaidenberg M, Segovia A, 1993. Congenital Chagas’ disease in the city of Salta, Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 35: 35–43.
Lorca M, Veloso C, Munoz P, Bahamonde MI, Garcia A, 1995. Diagnostic value of detecting specific IgA and IgM with recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in congenital Chagas’ disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 512–515.
Breniere SF, Yaksic N, Telleria J, Bosseno MF, Noireau F, Wincker P, Sanchez D, 1997. Immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi shed acute phase antigen in children from an endemic area for Chagas’ disease in Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 92: 503–507.
Moya PR, Paolasso RD, Blanco S, Lapasset M, Sanmartino C, Basso B, Moretti E, Cura D, 1985. Treatment of Chagas’ disease with nifurtimox during the first months of life. Medicina (B Aires) 45: 553–558.
Schijman AG, Altcheh J, Burgos JM, Biancardi M, Bisio M, Levin MJ, Freilij H, 2003. Aetiological treatment of congenital Chagas’ disease diagnosed and monitored by the polymerase chain reaction. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 441–449.
Pan American Health Organization, 1999. Tratamiento etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas. Conclusiones de una consulta técnica. OPS/HCP/HCT/140/99. Available at: http://www.paho.org/Spanish/AD/DPC/CD/chagas.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2009.
Sosa-Estani S, 2005. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2): 29–32.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 150 | 106 | 4 |
Full Text Views | 427 | 9 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 81 | 10 | 4 |
Chagas' disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanasoma cruzi. It is estimated that 15,000 new cases of congenital T. cruzi transmission occur in the Americas each year. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of congenital T. cruzi infection in infants born to infected women living in Ushuaia, Argentina, as well to assess a serologic test using Shed Acute Phase Antigen (SAPA) for a timely diagnosis of congenital infection. The rate of congenital infection among children in the study was 4.4% (3/68). Our results show that for infants younger than 30 days of age, matched blood samples from mother and infant were capable of identifying congenital transmission of infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with SAPA. For infants older than 3 months, congenital infection could be ruled out using the same procedure.
Financial support: This work was supported by the Minister of Health, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay; and Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud, Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Minister of Health, Argentina.
Authors' addresses: María Cristina Mallimaci, Carina Sijvarger, Isabel Marcela Alvarez, Lola Barrionuevo, and Carlos Lopez, Laboratorio Central, Hospital Regional Ushuaia, 12 de octubre y Maipú, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Tel: 54-2901-44-1066/1070, Fax: 54-2901-421173, E-mails: crismallimaci@yahoo.com.ar, carina.sijvarger@gmail.com, chabelaush@hotmail.com, loladvb@hotmail.com, and rufianmelanco41@hotmail.com. Sergio Sosa-Estani, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación de Endemoepidemias (CeNDIE) ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, 1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel: 54-11-4331-4010, Fax: 54-11-4331-2536 and Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Viamonte 2146 - 3er piso, 1056 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel/Fax: 54-11-4953-4058, E-mail: ssosa@msal.gov.ar. Graciela Russomando and Zunilda Sanchez, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Rio de la Plata y Lagerenza, Asunción, Paraguay, Tel: 595-21-424 520, Fax: 595-21-480 185, E-mails: grusso@rieder.net.py and zunysanchez@hotmail.com. Elsa Leonor Segura, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben/ANLIS, Av. Paseo Colón 568, 1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel: 54-11-4331-4010, Fax: 54-11-4331-2536, E-mail: elsasegura@fibertel.com.ar.
World Health Organization, 2002. Report of the Expert Committee on the Control of Chagas’ Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Pan-American Health Organization, 2007. Report of the technical consultation on information, education and communication (IEC) on congenital Chagas’ disease. Available at: http://www.paho.org/English/AD/DPC/CD/dch-congenita-iec-07.doc. Accessed December 3, 2007
Buekens P, Almendares O, Carlier Y, Dumonteil E, Eberhard M, Gamboa-Leon R, James M, Padilla N, Wesson D, Xiong X, 2008. Mother-to-child transmission of Chagas’ disease in North America: why don’t we do more? Matern Child Health J 12: 283–286.
Blanco SB, Segura EL, Cura EN, Chuit R, Tulian L, Flores I, Garbarino G, Villalonga JF, Gurtler RE, 2000. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: an operational outline for detecting and treating infected infants in northwestern Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 5: 293–301.
Carlier Y, Torrico F, 2003. Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: from mechanisms of transmission to strategies for diagnosis and control. Conclusions of round tables and synopsis of an international colloquium. Cochabamba, Bolivia, November 6–8, 2002. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 36: 767–771.
Gurtler RE, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2003. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 29–32.
Russomando G, Almiron M, Candia N, Franco L, Sanchez Z, de Guillen I, 2005. Implementación y evaluación de un sistema localmente sustentable de diagnóstico prenatal que permite detectar casos de transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas en zonas endémicas del Paraguay. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38: 49–54.
Freilij H, Muller L, Gonzales Cappa SM, 1983. Direct micro-method for diagnosis of acute and congenital Chagas’desease. J Clin Microbiol 18: 327–330.
Affranchino JL, Ibanez CF, Luquetti AO, Rassi A, Reyes MB, Macina RA, Aslund L, Pettersson U, Frasch AC, 1989. Identification of a Trypanosoma cruzi antigen that is shed during the acute phase of Chagas’ disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 34: 221–228.
Frasch AC, Reyes MB, 1990. Diagnosis of Chagas’ disease using recombinant DNA technology. Parasitol Today 6: 137–139.
Reyes MB, Lorca M, Munoz P, Frasch AC, 1990. Fetal IgG specificities against Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in infected newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 2846–2850.
Cazzulo JJ, Frasch AC, 1992. SAPA/trans-sialidase and cruzipain: two antigens from Trypanosoma cruzi contain immunodominant but enzymatically inactive domains. FASEB J 6: 3259–3264.
Russomando G, 1999. Assessment of a locally sustainable system for Chagas’ disease diagnosis in two endemic regions of Paraguay. TDR News 16. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdrold/research/finalreps/pdf/fr16.pdf. Accessed June 29, 2009
Breniere SF, Bosseno MF, Noireau F, Yacsik N, Liegeard P, Aznar C, Hontebeyrie M, 2002. Integrated study of a Bolivian population infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas’ disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97: 289–295.
Vergara U, Veloso C, Gonzalez A, Lorca M, 1992. Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Chagas’ disease using synthetic peptides. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 39–43.
Mallimaci MC, Sijvarger C, Dates A, Alvarez M, Sosa-Estani S, 2001. Seroprevalence of Chagas’ disease in Ushuaia, Argentina, an area without triatominae. Rev Panam Salud Publica 9: 169–171.
Ministerio de Salud de Argentina, Programa Federal de Chagas’, 2007. Situación de la enfermedad de Chagas y su control en Argentina. Available at: http://www.msal.gov.ar/chagas/home.htm. Accessed April 20, 2009
Brutus L, Schneider D, Postigo J, Delgado W, Mollinedo S, Chippaux JP, 2007. Evidence of congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a vector-free area of Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 1159–1160.
Mora MC, Sanchez Negrette O, Marco D, Barrio A, Ciaccio M, Segura MA, Basombrio MA, 2005. Early diagnosis of congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection using PCR, hemoculture, and capillary concentration, as compared with delayed serology. J Parasitol 91: 1468–1473.
Diez CN, Manattini S, Zanuttini JC, Bottasso O, Marcipar I, 2008. The value of molecular studies for the diagnosis of congenital Chagas’ disease in northeastern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 624–627.
Zaidenberg M, Segovia A, 1993. Congenital Chagas’ disease in the city of Salta, Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 35: 35–43.
Lorca M, Veloso C, Munoz P, Bahamonde MI, Garcia A, 1995. Diagnostic value of detecting specific IgA and IgM with recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in congenital Chagas’ disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 512–515.
Breniere SF, Yaksic N, Telleria J, Bosseno MF, Noireau F, Wincker P, Sanchez D, 1997. Immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi shed acute phase antigen in children from an endemic area for Chagas’ disease in Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 92: 503–507.
Moya PR, Paolasso RD, Blanco S, Lapasset M, Sanmartino C, Basso B, Moretti E, Cura D, 1985. Treatment of Chagas’ disease with nifurtimox during the first months of life. Medicina (B Aires) 45: 553–558.
Schijman AG, Altcheh J, Burgos JM, Biancardi M, Bisio M, Levin MJ, Freilij H, 2003. Aetiological treatment of congenital Chagas’ disease diagnosed and monitored by the polymerase chain reaction. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 441–449.
Pan American Health Organization, 1999. Tratamiento etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas. Conclusiones de una consulta técnica. OPS/HCP/HCT/140/99. Available at: http://www.paho.org/Spanish/AD/DPC/CD/chagas.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2009.
Sosa-Estani S, 2005. Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Argentina. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 38 (Suppl 2): 29–32.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 150 | 106 | 4 |
Full Text Views | 427 | 9 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 81 | 10 | 4 |