Risk Factors Associated with Triatomines and Its Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in Rural Communities from the Southern Region of the State of Mexico, Mexico

Imelda Medina-Torres Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

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Juan C. Vázquez-Chagoyán Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

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Roger I. Rodríguez-Vivas Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

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Roberto Montes de Oca-Jiménez Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

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Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence in triatomines and risk factors associated to the presence of the insect were studied in 990 rural houses in the southern region of the State of Mexico, Mexico. In each house, triatomines were collected, and information related to house construction material was obtained. T. cruzi infection was diagnosed in all triatomines. A primary screening was performed using 2 × 2 contingency tables of exposure variables. All variables with P ≤ 0.20 were analyzed by logistic regression. Triatomines (N = 125) were collected from 822 houses and analyzed for T. cruzi infection. Triatoma pallidipennis (97.4%) and Triatoma dimidiata (2.6%) were identified in 52.1% of the localities and in 6.1% of the houses. Infection was found in 28.0% of triatomines, from which 28.9% were nymphs. Factors associated with triatomine infestation were flooring construction material (dirt floor: odds ratio [OR], 10.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.31–18.04; P = 0.0001), house rooms (at least three rooms: OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.07–3.86; P = 0.028), and ceiling construction material (cardboard lamina tile: OR, 6.84; 95% CI, 1.49–31.31; P = 0.013). This study shows T. cruzi circulation in triatomines in the area of study, and because triatomines are adapted for living and reproducing in the domestic environment, there is a potential risk of Chagas disease transmission to humans. Also, we can conclude that the construction materials and house inhabitants are risk factors of triatomines infestation.

Author Notes

*Address correspondence to Montes de Oca Jiménez, R. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, km 15.5 Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, Mexico. E-mail: romojimenez@yahoo.com

Financial support: This project was supported by Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico Grant 2522/2007U. I.M.T. received a scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT.

Authors' addresses: Imelda Medina-Torres and Roberto Montes de Oca-Jiménez, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, km 15.5 Autopista de Cuota, Toluca Atlacomulco, C.P. 50090, Mexico, E-mails: imedinat@hotmail.com and romojimenez@yahoo.com. Juan C. Vázquez-Chagoyán, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, km 15.5 Autopista de Cuota, Toluca Atlacomulco, C.P. 50090, Mexico, E-mail: jcvch@yahoo.com. Roger I. Rodríguez-Vivas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km 15.5 Carretera, Mérida-Xmatkui 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, México, E-mail: rvivas@uady.mx.

Reprint requests: Roberto Montes de Oca-Jimenez, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, km 15.5 Autopista de Cuota, Toluca Atlacomulco, C.P. 50090, Mexico, E-mail: romojimenez@yahoo.com.

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