Best JM, 2007. Rubella. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 12: 182–192.
Dontigny L, Arsenault MY, Martel MJ, Biringer A, Cormier J, Delaney M, Gleason T, Leduc D, Martel MJ, Penava D, Polsky J, Roggensack A, Rowntree C, Wilson AK, Society of Obstetricians and Gyneacologist of Canada, 2008. Rubella in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 30: 152–158.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Rubella and Congenital Rubella in Taiwan, October2007. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov.tw. Accessed March 2008.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Statistics of Category 2 and 3 Reported Diseases in Taiwan, 1999–2007 Annual Report.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan, 2009. Notifiable Infectious Disease Statistis System. Available at: http://nidss.cdc.gov.tw. Accessed July 2009.
Robertson SE, Cutts FT, Samuel R, Diaz-Ortega JL, 1997. Control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in developing countries, Part 2: vaccination against rubella. Bull World Health Organ 75: 69–80.
Lin CC, Hsieh HS, Huang YJ, Huang YL, Ku MK, Hung HC, 2008. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Taiwan: comparison between women born in Taiwan and other southeast countries. BMC Public Health 8: 1–7.
Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan, 2009. Statistical Yearbook of Interior in Taiwan, 2002–2006. Available at: http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/english/index.asp. Accessed March 2008.
Lin DB, Chen CJ, 1994. Seroepidemiology of rubella virus infection among female residents on the offshore islets of Taiwan. J Trop Med Hyg 97: 75–80.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan, 2006. Statistics of Communicable Diseases and Durveillance Report in Taiwan Area.
Wang IJ, Huang LM, Chen HH, Hwang KC, Chen CJ, 2007. Seroprevalence of rubella infection after national immunization program in Taiwan: vaccination status and immigration impact. J Med Virol 79: 97–103.
Lu HF, Tseng YT, Tsai HC, Sun CC, Liu CM, Lee MH, Fang R, 2006. Prenatal serum test survey at a hospital [in Chinese]. J Biomed Lab Sci 18: 7–14.
Su SB, Guo HR, 2002. Seroprevalence of rubella among women of childbearing age in Taiwan after nationwide vaccination. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 549–553.
Tseng HF, Chang CK, Tan HF, Yang SE, Chang HW, 2006. Seroepidemiology study of rubella antibodies among pregnant women from seven Asian countries: evaluation of the rubella vaccination program in Taiwan. Vaccine 24: 5772–5777.
World Health Organization, 2009. WHO Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Monitoring System 2008 Global Summary. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/en/. Accessed July 2009.
World Health Organization, 2006. WHO/IVB Database, 2006 and the World Population Prospects: the 2004 Revision.
Sathanandan D, Gupta L, Liu B, Rutherford A, Lane J, 2005. Factors associated with low immunity to rubella infection on antenatal screening. Aust NZ J Obstet Gyn 45: 435–438.
Sheridan E, Aitken C, Jeffries D, Hird M, Thayalasekaran P, 2002. Congenital rubella syndrome: a risk in immigrant populations. Lancet 359: 674–675.
Dominguez A, Plans P, Espunes J, Costa J, Torner N, Cardenosa N, Plasencia A, Salleras L, 2007. Rubella immune status of indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in Catalonia, Spain. Euo J Pub Health 17: 560–564.
Cradock-Watson JE, Ridehalgh MK, Anderson MJ, Pattison JR, 1981. Outcome of asymptomatic infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. J Hyg (Lond) 87: 147–154.
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Rubella vaccination in Taiwan started in 1986; mass vaccination was introduced into the national immunization program in 1992. In recent years, 17–31% of all marriages in Taiwan have been between Taiwanese men and foreign women. The aim of this study was to analyze rubella seroepidemiology and the rate of catch-up immunization in women. We recruited 10,089 pregnant women, including 1,920 immigrants, who had received prenatal examinations during 1999–2006. The rates of seronegativity among global, Taiwan-born, and non–Taiwan-born pregnant women were 14.0%, 11.9%, and 23.1%, respectively. The seronegativity of rubella antibodies decreased from 28.2% for Taiwan-born women born before September 1971 to 8.0% for those born thereafter. The rates of rubella catch-up immunization among global, Taiwan-born, and non–Taiwan-born pregnant women were 28.6%, 20.5%, and 42.2%, respectively. Our results suggest that substantial numbers of older Taiwan-born women and immigrant women remain susceptible to rubella infection.
Financial support: This study was supported by Fooyin University Hospital.
Authors' addresses: Ching-Chiang Lin, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, 5 Pingtung, Taiwan, E-mail: x6053@ms25.hinet.net. Chun-Yuh Yang, Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mail: chunyuh@kmu.edu.tw. Ching-Tang Shih, Department of Family Medicine, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan, E-mail: aaronshih@yahoo.com. Bai-Hsiun Chen, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mail: chen_bh.tw@yahoo.com.tw. Yeou-Lih Huang, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mail: yulihu@kmu.edu.tw.
Reprint requests: Yeou-Lih Huang, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, San Ming District, 807 Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mail: yulihu@kmu.edu.tw.
Best JM, 2007. Rubella. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 12: 182–192.
Dontigny L, Arsenault MY, Martel MJ, Biringer A, Cormier J, Delaney M, Gleason T, Leduc D, Martel MJ, Penava D, Polsky J, Roggensack A, Rowntree C, Wilson AK, Society of Obstetricians and Gyneacologist of Canada, 2008. Rubella in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 30: 152–158.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Rubella and Congenital Rubella in Taiwan, October2007. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov.tw. Accessed March 2008.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Statistics of Category 2 and 3 Reported Diseases in Taiwan, 1999–2007 Annual Report.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan, 2009. Notifiable Infectious Disease Statistis System. Available at: http://nidss.cdc.gov.tw. Accessed July 2009.
Robertson SE, Cutts FT, Samuel R, Diaz-Ortega JL, 1997. Control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in developing countries, Part 2: vaccination against rubella. Bull World Health Organ 75: 69–80.
Lin CC, Hsieh HS, Huang YJ, Huang YL, Ku MK, Hung HC, 2008. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Taiwan: comparison between women born in Taiwan and other southeast countries. BMC Public Health 8: 1–7.
Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan, 2009. Statistical Yearbook of Interior in Taiwan, 2002–2006. Available at: http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/english/index.asp. Accessed March 2008.
Lin DB, Chen CJ, 1994. Seroepidemiology of rubella virus infection among female residents on the offshore islets of Taiwan. J Trop Med Hyg 97: 75–80.
Center for Disease Control, Taiwan, 2006. Statistics of Communicable Diseases and Durveillance Report in Taiwan Area.
Wang IJ, Huang LM, Chen HH, Hwang KC, Chen CJ, 2007. Seroprevalence of rubella infection after national immunization program in Taiwan: vaccination status and immigration impact. J Med Virol 79: 97–103.
Lu HF, Tseng YT, Tsai HC, Sun CC, Liu CM, Lee MH, Fang R, 2006. Prenatal serum test survey at a hospital [in Chinese]. J Biomed Lab Sci 18: 7–14.
Su SB, Guo HR, 2002. Seroprevalence of rubella among women of childbearing age in Taiwan after nationwide vaccination. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 549–553.
Tseng HF, Chang CK, Tan HF, Yang SE, Chang HW, 2006. Seroepidemiology study of rubella antibodies among pregnant women from seven Asian countries: evaluation of the rubella vaccination program in Taiwan. Vaccine 24: 5772–5777.
World Health Organization, 2009. WHO Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Monitoring System 2008 Global Summary. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/en/. Accessed July 2009.
World Health Organization, 2006. WHO/IVB Database, 2006 and the World Population Prospects: the 2004 Revision.
Sathanandan D, Gupta L, Liu B, Rutherford A, Lane J, 2005. Factors associated with low immunity to rubella infection on antenatal screening. Aust NZ J Obstet Gyn 45: 435–438.
Sheridan E, Aitken C, Jeffries D, Hird M, Thayalasekaran P, 2002. Congenital rubella syndrome: a risk in immigrant populations. Lancet 359: 674–675.
Dominguez A, Plans P, Espunes J, Costa J, Torner N, Cardenosa N, Plasencia A, Salleras L, 2007. Rubella immune status of indigenous and immigrant pregnant women in Catalonia, Spain. Euo J Pub Health 17: 560–564.
Cradock-Watson JE, Ridehalgh MK, Anderson MJ, Pattison JR, 1981. Outcome of asymptomatic infection with rubella virus during pregnancy. J Hyg (Lond) 87: 147–154.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 338 | 267 | 112 |
Full Text Views | 298 | 8 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 65 | 9 | 4 |