Fleury A, Dessein A, Preux PM, Dumas M, Tapia G, Larralde C, Sciutto E, 2004. Symptomatic human neurocysticercosis: age, sex and exposure factors relating with disease heterogeneity. J Neurol 251: 830–830.
Bandres JA, White AC, Samo T, Murphy EC, Harris RL, 1992. Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: report of five cases and review of literature on management. Clin Infect Dis 15: 799–799.
Venkataraman S, Roy AK, Dhamija RM, Sanchetee PC, 1990. Cysticercal meningoencephalitis: clinical presentation and autopsy findings. J Assoc Physicians India 38: 763–763.
Singh G, 1997. Neurocysticercosis in the South-Central America and the Indian subcontinent. A comparative evaluation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 55: 349–349.
Vaz AJ, Hanashiro AS, Chieffi PP, Ferreira AW, 1990. Frequency of patients with anti-cysticercus cellulosae antibodies in 5 municipalities of state of São Paulo. Rev Soc Bas Med Trop 23: 97–97.
Puri V, Sharma DK, Kumar S, Choudhury V, Gupta RK, Khalil A, 1991. Neurocysticercosis in children. Indian Pediatr 28: 1309–1309.
Barry M, Kaldijan LC, 1993. Neurocysticercosis. Semin Neurol 13: 131–131.
Bittencourt PR, Costa AJ, Oliveira TV, Gracia CM, Gorz AM, Mazer S, 1990. Clinical, radiological and cerebrospinal fluid presentation of neurocyticercosis: a prospective study. Arq Neuropsychiatr 48: 286–286.
Del Brutto OH, Rajshekhar V, White AC Jr, Tsang VC, Nash TE, Takayanagui OM, Schantz PM, Evans CA, Flisser A, Correa D, Botero D, Allan JC, Sarti E, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Garcia HH, 2001. Proposed diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. Neurology 57: 177–177.
Levy As, Lillehei KO, Rubenstein D, Steras JC, 1995. Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis with occlusion of the major intracranial arteries: case report. Neurosurgery 36: 183–183.
Monteiro L, Almeida-Pinto J, Leite I, Xavier J, Correira M, 1994. Cerebral cysticercus arteritis: five angiographic cases. Cerebrovasc Dis 4: 125–125.
Visudhiphan P, Chiemchanya S, 1997. Acute cysticercal meningitis in children: response to praziquantel. Ann Trop Paediatr 17: 9–9.
Mishra D, Sharma S, Gupta S, Das M, Chauhan D, 2006. Acute cysticercal meningitis: missed diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr 73: 835–835.
Rogel-Ortiz F, Vera-Pedro M, 1997. Cysticerci meningitis. Gac Med Mex 133: 301–301.
Castillo-Iglesias H, Mouly S, Ducros A, Sarfati C, Sulahian A, Bergmann JF, 2006. Late-onset eosinophilic chronic meningitis occurring 30 years after Taenia solium infestation in a white caucasian woman. J Infect 53: e35–e38.
Joubert J, 1990. Cysticercal meningitis- a pernicious form of neurocysticercosis which responds poorly to praziquantel. S Afr Med J 77: 528–528.
Bonametti AM, Baldy SJL, Bortoliero AL, de Maio CM, Passso Jdo N, Takata PK, de Pauli DS, Guimarãres JC, Anzai ET, Elisbão Mdo C, 1994. Neurocysticercosis with initial clinical picture of acute meningitis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 36: 27–27.
Soto-Hernandez JL, Gomez-Llata Andrade S, Rojas-Echeverri LA, Texeira F, Romero Y, 1996. Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured inflammatory aneurysm: a possible manifestation of neurocysticercosis: case report. Neurosurgery 38: 197–197.
La Mantia L, Costa A, Eoli M, Savoiardo M, 1995. Racemose neurocysticercosis after chronic meningitis: effect of medical treatment. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 97: 50–50.
Torabi AM, Quinceno M, Mendelsohn DB, Powell CM, 2004. Multilevel intramedullary spinal neurocysticercosis with eosinophilic meningitis. Arch Neurol 61: 770–770.
Cheillan D, Bancel J, Tiliket C, Savet J, Caudie C, Later R, Vighetto A, 1999. A surprising aglycorrachia! A case of neurocysticercosis. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 57: 356–356.
Roth S, Pulcini C, Vandenbos F, Bernard E, Delaunay P, Dellamonica P, 2002. A case of lymphocytic meningitis revealing a neurocysticercosis. Rev Med Interne 23: 402–402.
Goel UC, Bajaj S, Misra R, 1999. Neurocysticercosis presenting as chronic meningitis. J Assoc Physicians India 47: 1024.
Torrealba G, Del Villar S, Tagle P, Arriagada P, Kase CS, 1984. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system: clinical and therapeutic considerations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47: 784–784.
Sotelo J, Guerrero V, Rubio F, 1985. Neurocysticercosis: a new classification based on active and inactive forms. Arch Intern Med 145: 442–442.
McCormick GF, 1985. Cysticercosis: review of 230 patients. Bull Clin Neurosci 50: 76–76.
McCormick GE, 1982. Cysticercosis cerebri: review of 127 cases. Arch Neurol 39: 534–534.
Grisolia JS, Wiederholt WC, 1982. CNS cysticercosis. Arch Neurol 39: 540–540.
Bel Brutto OH, García E, Talamás O, Sotelo J, 1988. Sex related severity of inflammation in parenchymal brain cysticercosis. Arch Intern Med 148: 544–544.
Yang SY, Wang ML, Xue QC, 1990. Cerebral cysticercosis. Surg Neurol 34: 286–286.
Uddin J, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Friedland JS, 2005. Monocyte-astrocyte networks and the regulation of chemokine secretion in neurocysticercosis. J Immunol 175: 3278–3278.
Uddin J, González AE, Gilman RH, Garcia HH, Verastegui M, Moore LJ, Evans CA, Read RC, Friedland JS, 2006. Neurocysticercal antigens stimulate chemokine secretion from human monocytes via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. Microbes Infect 8: 1732–1732.
Sotelo J, Marín C, 1987. Hydrocephalus secondary to cysticercotic arachnoiditis. A long-term follow-up review of 92 cases. J Neurosurg 66: 686–686.
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In disease-endemic areas, severe cysticercal meningitis (SCM) is characterized by intense inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and negative bacterial and fungal cultures. There have been no systematic studies of SCM. We characterized patients with SCM and compare them with neurocysticercosis (NC) patients with mild CSF abnormalities by conducting a nine-year retrospective review at a neurological referral center. Two groups of patients were compared: group A, those with severe CSF pleocytosis > 1,000 cells/mm3 (n = 12), and group B, those with CSF pleocytosis ≤ 1,000 cells/mm3 (n = 126). All patients had positive CSF results in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cysticercal antigens and negative CSF cultures for bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria. Intracranial hypertension, meningeal signs, CSF hypoglycorrachia, and a longer clinical course of NC were more frequently seen in group A. It is likely that SCM often goes unrecognized. Its correct identification may reduce morbidity and risks of unnecessary surgery in patients with chronic NC and CSF shunts.
Authors' addresses: Graciela Cárdenas, Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: grace_goker@yahoo.de. Helgi Jung, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: helgijung@yahoo.com.mx. Camilo Ríos, Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: crios@cueyatl.uam.mx. Agnes Fleury, Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: afleury@correo.biomedicas.unam.mx. José Luís Soto-Hernández, Department of Neuroinfectology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico, E-mail: joseluis_sotohernandez@yahoo.com.
Fleury A, Dessein A, Preux PM, Dumas M, Tapia G, Larralde C, Sciutto E, 2004. Symptomatic human neurocysticercosis: age, sex and exposure factors relating with disease heterogeneity. J Neurol 251: 830–830.
Bandres JA, White AC, Samo T, Murphy EC, Harris RL, 1992. Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: report of five cases and review of literature on management. Clin Infect Dis 15: 799–799.
Venkataraman S, Roy AK, Dhamija RM, Sanchetee PC, 1990. Cysticercal meningoencephalitis: clinical presentation and autopsy findings. J Assoc Physicians India 38: 763–763.
Singh G, 1997. Neurocysticercosis in the South-Central America and the Indian subcontinent. A comparative evaluation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 55: 349–349.
Vaz AJ, Hanashiro AS, Chieffi PP, Ferreira AW, 1990. Frequency of patients with anti-cysticercus cellulosae antibodies in 5 municipalities of state of São Paulo. Rev Soc Bas Med Trop 23: 97–97.
Puri V, Sharma DK, Kumar S, Choudhury V, Gupta RK, Khalil A, 1991. Neurocysticercosis in children. Indian Pediatr 28: 1309–1309.
Barry M, Kaldijan LC, 1993. Neurocysticercosis. Semin Neurol 13: 131–131.
Bittencourt PR, Costa AJ, Oliveira TV, Gracia CM, Gorz AM, Mazer S, 1990. Clinical, radiological and cerebrospinal fluid presentation of neurocyticercosis: a prospective study. Arq Neuropsychiatr 48: 286–286.
Del Brutto OH, Rajshekhar V, White AC Jr, Tsang VC, Nash TE, Takayanagui OM, Schantz PM, Evans CA, Flisser A, Correa D, Botero D, Allan JC, Sarti E, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Garcia HH, 2001. Proposed diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis. Neurology 57: 177–177.
Levy As, Lillehei KO, Rubenstein D, Steras JC, 1995. Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis with occlusion of the major intracranial arteries: case report. Neurosurgery 36: 183–183.
Monteiro L, Almeida-Pinto J, Leite I, Xavier J, Correira M, 1994. Cerebral cysticercus arteritis: five angiographic cases. Cerebrovasc Dis 4: 125–125.
Visudhiphan P, Chiemchanya S, 1997. Acute cysticercal meningitis in children: response to praziquantel. Ann Trop Paediatr 17: 9–9.
Mishra D, Sharma S, Gupta S, Das M, Chauhan D, 2006. Acute cysticercal meningitis: missed diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr 73: 835–835.
Rogel-Ortiz F, Vera-Pedro M, 1997. Cysticerci meningitis. Gac Med Mex 133: 301–301.
Castillo-Iglesias H, Mouly S, Ducros A, Sarfati C, Sulahian A, Bergmann JF, 2006. Late-onset eosinophilic chronic meningitis occurring 30 years after Taenia solium infestation in a white caucasian woman. J Infect 53: e35–e38.
Joubert J, 1990. Cysticercal meningitis- a pernicious form of neurocysticercosis which responds poorly to praziquantel. S Afr Med J 77: 528–528.
Bonametti AM, Baldy SJL, Bortoliero AL, de Maio CM, Passso Jdo N, Takata PK, de Pauli DS, Guimarãres JC, Anzai ET, Elisbão Mdo C, 1994. Neurocysticercosis with initial clinical picture of acute meningitis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 36: 27–27.
Soto-Hernandez JL, Gomez-Llata Andrade S, Rojas-Echeverri LA, Texeira F, Romero Y, 1996. Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured inflammatory aneurysm: a possible manifestation of neurocysticercosis: case report. Neurosurgery 38: 197–197.
La Mantia L, Costa A, Eoli M, Savoiardo M, 1995. Racemose neurocysticercosis after chronic meningitis: effect of medical treatment. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 97: 50–50.
Torabi AM, Quinceno M, Mendelsohn DB, Powell CM, 2004. Multilevel intramedullary spinal neurocysticercosis with eosinophilic meningitis. Arch Neurol 61: 770–770.
Cheillan D, Bancel J, Tiliket C, Savet J, Caudie C, Later R, Vighetto A, 1999. A surprising aglycorrachia! A case of neurocysticercosis. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 57: 356–356.
Roth S, Pulcini C, Vandenbos F, Bernard E, Delaunay P, Dellamonica P, 2002. A case of lymphocytic meningitis revealing a neurocysticercosis. Rev Med Interne 23: 402–402.
Goel UC, Bajaj S, Misra R, 1999. Neurocysticercosis presenting as chronic meningitis. J Assoc Physicians India 47: 1024.
Torrealba G, Del Villar S, Tagle P, Arriagada P, Kase CS, 1984. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system: clinical and therapeutic considerations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47: 784–784.
Sotelo J, Guerrero V, Rubio F, 1985. Neurocysticercosis: a new classification based on active and inactive forms. Arch Intern Med 145: 442–442.
McCormick GF, 1985. Cysticercosis: review of 230 patients. Bull Clin Neurosci 50: 76–76.
McCormick GE, 1982. Cysticercosis cerebri: review of 127 cases. Arch Neurol 39: 534–534.
Grisolia JS, Wiederholt WC, 1982. CNS cysticercosis. Arch Neurol 39: 540–540.
Bel Brutto OH, García E, Talamás O, Sotelo J, 1988. Sex related severity of inflammation in parenchymal brain cysticercosis. Arch Intern Med 148: 544–544.
Yang SY, Wang ML, Xue QC, 1990. Cerebral cysticercosis. Surg Neurol 34: 286–286.
Uddin J, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Friedland JS, 2005. Monocyte-astrocyte networks and the regulation of chemokine secretion in neurocysticercosis. J Immunol 175: 3278–3278.
Uddin J, González AE, Gilman RH, Garcia HH, Verastegui M, Moore LJ, Evans CA, Read RC, Friedland JS, 2006. Neurocysticercal antigens stimulate chemokine secretion from human monocytes via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. Microbes Infect 8: 1732–1732.
Sotelo J, Marín C, 1987. Hydrocephalus secondary to cysticercotic arachnoiditis. A long-term follow-up review of 92 cases. J Neurosurg 66: 686–686.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 183 | 110 | 7 |
Full Text Views | 371 | 8 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 109 | 9 | 4 |