Keiser J, Utzinger J, 2007. Artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes in the treatment of helminth infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 20: 605–612.
Utzinger J, Xiao SH, Tanner M, Keiser J, 2007. Artemisinins for schistosomiasis and beyond. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 8: 105–116.
Keiser J, Chollet J, Xiao SH, Mei JY, Jiao PY, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2009. Mefloquine-an aminoalcohol with promising antischistosomal properties in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e350.
Xiao SH, Shen BG, Chollet J, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2001. Tegumental alterations in juvenile Schistosoma haematobium harboured in hamsters following artemether treatment. Parasitol Int 50: 175–183.
Wang JX, Tang W, Shi LP, Wan J, Zhou R, Ni J, Fu YF, Yang YF, Li Y, Zuo JP, 2007. Investigation of the immunosuppressive activity of artemether on T-cell activation and proliferation. Br J Pharmacol 150: 652–661.
Sabah AA, Fletcher C, Webbe G, Doenhoff MJ, 1985. Schistosoma mansoni: reduced efficacy of chemotherapy in infected T-cell-deprived mice. Exp Parasitol 60: 348–354.
Doenhoff MJ, 1989. The immune-dependence of chemotherapy in experimental schistosomiasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 84: 31–37.
Brindley PJ, Sher A, 1987. The chemotherapeutic effect of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni is dependent on host antibody response. J Immunol 139: 215–220.
Buchanan RD, Fine DP, Colley DG, 1973. Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice depleted of thymus-dependent lymphocytes. II. Pathology and altered pathogenesis. Am J Pathol 71: 207–218.
Byram JE, von Lichtenberg F, 1977. Altered schistosome granuloma formation in nude mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 26: 944–956.
Byram JE, Doenhoff MJ, Musallam R, Brink LH, von Lichtenberg F, 1979. Schistosoma mansoni infections in T-cell deprived mice, and the ameliorating effect of administering homologous chronic infection serum. II. Pathology. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 274–285.
Gargione C, Vellosa SA, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Okumura M, Chiodelle SG, 1998. Immunosuppression and parasitic diseases: experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 53: 122–128.
Watanabe K, Mwinzi PN, Black CL, Muok EM, Karanja DM, Secor WE, Colley DG, 2007. T regulatory cell levels decrease in people infected with Schistosoma mansoni on effective treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 676–682.
Xiao SH, Guo J, Chollet J, Wu JT, Tanner M, Utzinger J, 2004. Effect of artemether on Schistosoma mansoni: dose-efficacy relationship, and changes in worm morphology and histopathology. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 22: 148–153.
Utzinger J, Chollet J, Tu ZW, Xiao SH, Tanner M, 2002. Comparative study of the effects of artemether and artesunate on juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni in experimentally infected mice. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 318–323.
Botros SS, Mahmoud MR, Moussa MM, Nosseir MM, 2007. Immunohistopathological and biochemical changes in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice treated with artemether. J Infect 55: 470–477.
Ammann P, Waldvogel A, Breyer I, Esposito M, Muller N, Gottstein B, 2004. The role of B- and T-cell immunity in toltrazuril-treated C57BL/6 WT, microMT and nude mice experimentally infected with Neospora caninum. Parasitol Res 93: 178–187.
Harnett W, Kusel JR, 1986. Increased exposure of parasite antigens at the surface of adult male Schistosoma mansoni exposed to praziquantel in vitro. Parasitology 93: 401–405.
Manneck T, Haggenmüller Y, Keiser J, 2009. Morphological effects and tegumental alterations induced by mefloquine on schistosomula and adult flukes of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology (in press). doi:10.1017/S0031182009990965
Xiao SH, Shen BG, Chollet J, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2000. Tegumental changes in adult Schistosoma mansoni harbored in mice treated with artemether. J Parasitol 86: 1125–1132.
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Immune effector mechanisms can enhance the activity of antischistosomal drugs. We examined the in vivo effect of single oral doses of the antimalarials artemether (400 mg/kg) and mefloquine (200 mg/kg), recently described to have promising antischistosomal properties, against juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni in T cell-deficient and in comparably infected age- and sex-matched immunologically intact control mice. Artemether and mefloquine are equally effective in athymic and immunocompetent mice. Artemether treatment resulted in total and female worm burden reductions ranging between 71.1% and 85.3%, whereas mefloquine achieved total and female worm burden reductions of 80.4–97.8%. In conclusion, artemether and mefloquine act T-cell independently and no synergistic interaction with the immune response was involved.
Financial support: This research received financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation to J. Keiser and M. Vargas (project no. PPOOA-114941).
Disclaimer: None of the authors has any conflicts of interest.
Authors' addresses: Jennifer Keiser and Mireille Vargas, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland, E-mails: jennifer.keiser@unibas.ch and mireille.vargas@unibas.ch. Michael J. Doenhoff, School of Biology, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, UK, E-mail: mike.doenhoff@nottingham.ac.uk.
Keiser J, Utzinger J, 2007. Artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes in the treatment of helminth infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 20: 605–612.
Utzinger J, Xiao SH, Tanner M, Keiser J, 2007. Artemisinins for schistosomiasis and beyond. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 8: 105–116.
Keiser J, Chollet J, Xiao SH, Mei JY, Jiao PY, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2009. Mefloquine-an aminoalcohol with promising antischistosomal properties in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e350.
Xiao SH, Shen BG, Chollet J, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2001. Tegumental alterations in juvenile Schistosoma haematobium harboured in hamsters following artemether treatment. Parasitol Int 50: 175–183.
Wang JX, Tang W, Shi LP, Wan J, Zhou R, Ni J, Fu YF, Yang YF, Li Y, Zuo JP, 2007. Investigation of the immunosuppressive activity of artemether on T-cell activation and proliferation. Br J Pharmacol 150: 652–661.
Sabah AA, Fletcher C, Webbe G, Doenhoff MJ, 1985. Schistosoma mansoni: reduced efficacy of chemotherapy in infected T-cell-deprived mice. Exp Parasitol 60: 348–354.
Doenhoff MJ, 1989. The immune-dependence of chemotherapy in experimental schistosomiasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 84: 31–37.
Brindley PJ, Sher A, 1987. The chemotherapeutic effect of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni is dependent on host antibody response. J Immunol 139: 215–220.
Buchanan RD, Fine DP, Colley DG, 1973. Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice depleted of thymus-dependent lymphocytes. II. Pathology and altered pathogenesis. Am J Pathol 71: 207–218.
Byram JE, von Lichtenberg F, 1977. Altered schistosome granuloma formation in nude mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 26: 944–956.
Byram JE, Doenhoff MJ, Musallam R, Brink LH, von Lichtenberg F, 1979. Schistosoma mansoni infections in T-cell deprived mice, and the ameliorating effect of administering homologous chronic infection serum. II. Pathology. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 274–285.
Gargione C, Vellosa SA, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Okumura M, Chiodelle SG, 1998. Immunosuppression and parasitic diseases: experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 53: 122–128.
Watanabe K, Mwinzi PN, Black CL, Muok EM, Karanja DM, Secor WE, Colley DG, 2007. T regulatory cell levels decrease in people infected with Schistosoma mansoni on effective treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 676–682.
Xiao SH, Guo J, Chollet J, Wu JT, Tanner M, Utzinger J, 2004. Effect of artemether on Schistosoma mansoni: dose-efficacy relationship, and changes in worm morphology and histopathology. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 22: 148–153.
Utzinger J, Chollet J, Tu ZW, Xiao SH, Tanner M, 2002. Comparative study of the effects of artemether and artesunate on juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni in experimentally infected mice. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 318–323.
Botros SS, Mahmoud MR, Moussa MM, Nosseir MM, 2007. Immunohistopathological and biochemical changes in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice treated with artemether. J Infect 55: 470–477.
Ammann P, Waldvogel A, Breyer I, Esposito M, Muller N, Gottstein B, 2004. The role of B- and T-cell immunity in toltrazuril-treated C57BL/6 WT, microMT and nude mice experimentally infected with Neospora caninum. Parasitol Res 93: 178–187.
Harnett W, Kusel JR, 1986. Increased exposure of parasite antigens at the surface of adult male Schistosoma mansoni exposed to praziquantel in vitro. Parasitology 93: 401–405.
Manneck T, Haggenmüller Y, Keiser J, 2009. Morphological effects and tegumental alterations induced by mefloquine on schistosomula and adult flukes of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology (in press). doi:10.1017/S0031182009990965
Xiao SH, Shen BG, Chollet J, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2000. Tegumental changes in adult Schistosoma mansoni harbored in mice treated with artemether. J Parasitol 86: 1125–1132.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 983 | 884 | 750 |
Full Text Views | 247 | 8 | 4 |
PDF Downloads | 57 | 9 | 4 |