Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Mackenzie JS, Lindsay MD, Coelen RJ, Broom AK, Hall RA, Smith DW, 1994. Arboviruses causing human disease in the Australasian zoogeographic region. Arch Virol 136 :447–467.
-
2
Russell RC, 2002. Ross River virus: ecology and distribution. Annu Rev Entomol 47 :1–31.
-
3
Hanna JN, Ritchie SA, Phillips DA, Serafin IL, Hills SL, van den Hurk AF, Pyke AT, McBride WJ, Amadio MG, Spark RL, 2001. An epidemic of dengue 3 in far north Queensland, 1997–1999. Med J Aust 174 :178–182.
-
4
Ritchie SA, Long S, Smith G, Pyke A, Knox TB, 2004. Entomological investigations in a focus of dengue transmission in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, by using the sticky ovitraps. J Med Entomol 41 :1–4.
-
5
Mackenzie JS, Johansen CA, Ritchie SA, van den Hurk AF, Hall RA, 2002. Japanese encephalitis as an emerging virus: the emergence and spread of Japanese encephalitis virus in Australasia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267 :49–73.
-
6
Jansen CC, Webb CE, Northill JA, Ritchie SA, Russell RC, van den Hurk AF, 2008. Vector competence of Australian mosquito species for a North American strain of West Nile virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :805–811.
-
7
Kay BH, Boreham PFL, Williams GM, 1979. Host preferences and feeding patterns of mosquitoes at Kowanyama, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland. Bull Entomol Res 69 :441–457.
-
8
Kay BH, Boyd AM, Ryan PA, Hall RA, 2007. Mosquito feeding patterns and natural infection of vertebrates with Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses in Brisbane, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :417–423.
-
9
Muller MJ, Murray MD, Edwards JA, 1981. Blood-sucking midges and mosquitoes feeding on mammals at Beatrice Hill, N.T. Aust J Zool 29 :573–588.
-
10
van den Hurk AF, Johansen CA, Zborowski P, Paru R, Foley PN, Beebe NW, Mackenzie JS, Ritchie SA, 2003. Mosquito host-feeding patterns and implications for Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Med Vet Entomol 17 :403–411.
-
11
Australian Bureau of Statisitics, 2008. Regional Population Growth, Australia 2006–07, Catalog No. 3218.0 and National Regional Profile: Australia. Available at: www.abs.gov.au. Accessed November 12, 2008.
-
12
Ritchie SA, Fanning ID, Phillips DA, Standfast HA, McGinn D, Kay BH, 1997. Ross River virus in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) during the 1994 epidemic around Brisbane, Australia. J Med Entomol 34 :156–159.
-
13
Harley D, Ritchie S, Phillips D, van den Hurk A, 2000. Mosquito isolates of Ross River virus from Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :561–565.
-
14
Lee DJ, Clinton KJ, O’Gower AK, 1954. The blood sources of some Australian mosquitoes. Aust J Biol Sci 7 :282–301.
-
15
Kay BH, Boreham PF, Fanning ID, 1985. Host-feeding patterns of Culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at Charleville, southwestern Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 22 :529–535.
-
16
Boyle DB, Dickerman RW, Marshall ID, 1983. Primary viraemia responses of herons to experimental infection with Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 61 :655–664.
-
17
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :311–322.
-
18
Boakye DA, Tang J, Truc P, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1999. Identification of bloodmeals in haematophagous diptera by cytochrome B heteroduplex analysis. Med Vet Entomol 13 :282–287.
-
19
Apperson CS, Harrison BA, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Irby WS, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Watson DW, Rueda LM, Engber BR, Nasci RS, 2002. Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 39 :777–785.
-
20
van den Hurk AF, Smith IL, Smith GA, 2007. Development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to identify mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) bloodmeals originating from native Australian mammals. J Med Entomol 44 :85–92.
-
21
Ngo KA, Kramer LD, 2003. Identification of mosquito bloodmeals using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with order-specific primers. J Med Entomol 40 :215–222.
-
22
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, Vossbrinck CR, 2006. Host feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :468–474.
-
23
Williams CR, Long SA, Russell RC, Ritchie SA, 2006. Field efficacy of the BG-Sentinel compared with CDC Backpack Aspirators and CO2-baited EVS traps for collection of adult Aedes aegypti in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22 :296–300.
-
24
Blackwell A, Mordue AJ, Mordue W, 1994. Identification of blood-meals of the Scottish biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Med Vet Entomol 8 :20–24.
-
25
van den Hurk AF, Nisbet DJ, Johansen CA, Foley PN, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2001. Japanese encephalitis on Badu Island, Australia: the first isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from Culex gelidus in the Australasian region and the role of mosquito host-feeding patterns in virus transmission cycles. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :595–600.
-
26
Cicero C, Johnson NK, 2001. Higher-level phylogeny of new world vireos (aves: vireonidae) based on sequences of multiple mitochondrial DNA genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 20 :27–40.
-
27
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24 :1596–1599.
-
28
Simpson D, Day N, 2004. Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. London: Christopher Helm.
-
29
Johnson KP, Sorenson MD, 1999. Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (Genus: Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence. Auk 116 :792–805.
-
30
Joseph L, Wilke T, Ten Have J, Terry Chesser R, 2006. Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia. J Avian Biol 37 :625–636.
-
31
Driskell AC, Christidis L, 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters (Passeriformes, Meliphagidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 31 :943–960.
-
32
Cupp EW, Zhang D, Yue X, Cupp MS, Guyer C, Sprenger TR, Unnasch TR, 2004. Identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central Alabama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :272–276.
-
33
Kerr KC, Stoeckle MY, Dove CJ, Weigt LA, Francis CM, Hebert PD, 2007. Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds. Mol Ecol Notes 7 :535–543.
-
34
Edman JD, Kale HW, 1971. Host behavior: its influence on the feeding success of mosquitoes. Ann Entomol Soc Am 64 :513–516.
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35
Edman JD, Webber LA, Schmid AA, 1974. Effect of host defenses on the feeding pattern of Culex nigripalpus when offered a choice of blood sources. J Parasitol 60 :874–883.
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36
Webber LA, Edman JD, 1972. Anti-mosquito behaviour of ciconiiform birds. Anim Behav 20 :228–232.
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37
Darbro JM, Harrington LC, 2007. Avian defensive behaviour and blood-feeding success of the West Nile vector mosqutio, Culex pipiens. Behav Ecol 18 :750–757.
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van den Hurk AF, Nisbet DJ, Hall RA, Kay BH, MacKenzie JS, Ritchie SA, 2003. Vector competence of Australian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Japanese encephalitis virus. J Med Entomol 40 :82–90.
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Blood Sources of Mosquitoes Collected from Urban and Peri-Urban Environments in Eastern Australia with Species-Specific Molecular Analysis of Avian Blood Meals
Cassie C. Jansen
Cassie C. Jansen
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Cameron E. Webb
Cameron E. Webb
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Glenn C. Graham
Glenn C. Graham
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Scott B. Craig
Scott B. Craig
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Paul Zborowski
Paul Zborowski
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Scott A. Ritchie
Scott A. Ritchie
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Richard C. Russell
Richard C. Russell
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Andrew F. van den Hurk
Andrew F. van den Hurk
Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Medical Entomology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Organic Chemistry, and Virology, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland, Australia; World Health Organization/World Health Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agricultural Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis, Communicable Diseases Unit, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Australia; School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia; Tropical Population Health Network, Queensland Health, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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To identify the hosts of mosquitoes collected from urban and peri-urban habitats in eastern Australia, 1,180 blood fed mosquitoes representing 15 species were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and molecular techniques. Four common and epidemiologically important species could be classified according to their host-feeding patterns: Aedes aegypti was anthropophilic, Ae. vigilax was mammalophilic, Culex quinquefasciatus was ornithophilic, and Cx. annulirostris was opportunistic, readily feeding on birds and mammals. Mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequence data showed that more than 75% of avian blood meals identified from Cx. annulirostris collected from Brisbane, Newcastle, and Sydney originated from ducks (Order Anseriformes, Family Anatidae). More than 75% of avian blood meals from Cx. quinquefasciatus from Cairns belonged to one of three Passerine species, namely Sphecotheres vieilloti (figbird), Sturnus tristis (common myna), and Philemon buceroides (helmeted friarbird). This study demonstrates associations between vectors in Australia and vertebrate hosts of endemic and exotic arboviruses.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Mackenzie JS, Lindsay MD, Coelen RJ, Broom AK, Hall RA, Smith DW, 1994. Arboviruses causing human disease in the Australasian zoogeographic region. Arch Virol 136 :447–467.
-
2
Russell RC, 2002. Ross River virus: ecology and distribution. Annu Rev Entomol 47 :1–31.
-
3
Hanna JN, Ritchie SA, Phillips DA, Serafin IL, Hills SL, van den Hurk AF, Pyke AT, McBride WJ, Amadio MG, Spark RL, 2001. An epidemic of dengue 3 in far north Queensland, 1997–1999. Med J Aust 174 :178–182.
-
4
Ritchie SA, Long S, Smith G, Pyke A, Knox TB, 2004. Entomological investigations in a focus of dengue transmission in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, by using the sticky ovitraps. J Med Entomol 41 :1–4.
-
5
Mackenzie JS, Johansen CA, Ritchie SA, van den Hurk AF, Hall RA, 2002. Japanese encephalitis as an emerging virus: the emergence and spread of Japanese encephalitis virus in Australasia. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267 :49–73.
-
6
Jansen CC, Webb CE, Northill JA, Ritchie SA, Russell RC, van den Hurk AF, 2008. Vector competence of Australian mosquito species for a North American strain of West Nile virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :805–811.
-
7
Kay BH, Boreham PFL, Williams GM, 1979. Host preferences and feeding patterns of mosquitoes at Kowanyama, Cape York Peninsula, northern Queensland. Bull Entomol Res 69 :441–457.
-
8
Kay BH, Boyd AM, Ryan PA, Hall RA, 2007. Mosquito feeding patterns and natural infection of vertebrates with Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses in Brisbane, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :417–423.
-
9
Muller MJ, Murray MD, Edwards JA, 1981. Blood-sucking midges and mosquitoes feeding on mammals at Beatrice Hill, N.T. Aust J Zool 29 :573–588.
-
10
van den Hurk AF, Johansen CA, Zborowski P, Paru R, Foley PN, Beebe NW, Mackenzie JS, Ritchie SA, 2003. Mosquito host-feeding patterns and implications for Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Med Vet Entomol 17 :403–411.
-
11
Australian Bureau of Statisitics, 2008. Regional Population Growth, Australia 2006–07, Catalog No. 3218.0 and National Regional Profile: Australia. Available at: www.abs.gov.au. Accessed November 12, 2008.
-
12
Ritchie SA, Fanning ID, Phillips DA, Standfast HA, McGinn D, Kay BH, 1997. Ross River virus in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) during the 1994 epidemic around Brisbane, Australia. J Med Entomol 34 :156–159.
-
13
Harley D, Ritchie S, Phillips D, van den Hurk A, 2000. Mosquito isolates of Ross River virus from Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :561–565.
-
14
Lee DJ, Clinton KJ, O’Gower AK, 1954. The blood sources of some Australian mosquitoes. Aust J Biol Sci 7 :282–301.
-
15
Kay BH, Boreham PF, Fanning ID, 1985. Host-feeding patterns of Culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at Charleville, southwestern Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 22 :529–535.
-
16
Boyle DB, Dickerman RW, Marshall ID, 1983. Primary viraemia responses of herons to experimental infection with Murray Valley encephalitis, Kunjin and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 61 :655–664.
-
17
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D, Davis B, Bowen R, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :311–322.
-
18
Boakye DA, Tang J, Truc P, Merriweather A, Unnasch TR, 1999. Identification of bloodmeals in haematophagous diptera by cytochrome B heteroduplex analysis. Med Vet Entomol 13 :282–287.
-
19
Apperson CS, Harrison BA, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Irby WS, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Watson DW, Rueda LM, Engber BR, Nasci RS, 2002. Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 39 :777–785.
-
20
van den Hurk AF, Smith IL, Smith GA, 2007. Development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to identify mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) bloodmeals originating from native Australian mammals. J Med Entomol 44 :85–92.
-
21
Ngo KA, Kramer LD, 2003. Identification of mosquito bloodmeals using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with order-specific primers. J Med Entomol 40 :215–222.
-
22
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, Vossbrinck CR, 2006. Host feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes and West Nile virus transmission, northeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis 12 :468–474.
-
23
Williams CR, Long SA, Russell RC, Ritchie SA, 2006. Field efficacy of the BG-Sentinel compared with CDC Backpack Aspirators and CO2-baited EVS traps for collection of adult Aedes aegypti in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22 :296–300.
-
24
Blackwell A, Mordue AJ, Mordue W, 1994. Identification of blood-meals of the Scottish biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Med Vet Entomol 8 :20–24.
-
25
van den Hurk AF, Nisbet DJ, Johansen CA, Foley PN, Ritchie SA, Mackenzie JS, 2001. Japanese encephalitis on Badu Island, Australia: the first isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from Culex gelidus in the Australasian region and the role of mosquito host-feeding patterns in virus transmission cycles. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 :595–600.
-
26
Cicero C, Johnson NK, 2001. Higher-level phylogeny of new world vireos (aves: vireonidae) based on sequences of multiple mitochondrial DNA genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 20 :27–40.
-
27
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24 :1596–1599.
-
28
Simpson D, Day N, 2004. Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. London: Christopher Helm.
-
29
Johnson KP, Sorenson MD, 1999. Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (Genus: Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence. Auk 116 :792–805.
-
30
Joseph L, Wilke T, Ten Have J, Terry Chesser R, 2006. Implications of mitochondrial DNA polyphyly in two ecologically undifferentiated but morphologically distinct migratory birds, the masked and white-browed woodswallows Artamus spp. of inland Australia. J Avian Biol 37 :625–636.
-
31
Driskell AC, Christidis L, 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters (Passeriformes, Meliphagidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 31 :943–960.
-
32
Cupp EW, Zhang D, Yue X, Cupp MS, Guyer C, Sprenger TR, Unnasch TR, 2004. Identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central Alabama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 :272–276.
-
33
Kerr KC, Stoeckle MY, Dove CJ, Weigt LA, Francis CM, Hebert PD, 2007. Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds. Mol Ecol Notes 7 :535–543.
-
34
Edman JD, Kale HW, 1971. Host behavior: its influence on the feeding success of mosquitoes. Ann Entomol Soc Am 64 :513–516.
-
35
Edman JD, Webber LA, Schmid AA, 1974. Effect of host defenses on the feeding pattern of Culex nigripalpus when offered a choice of blood sources. J Parasitol 60 :874–883.
-
36
Webber LA, Edman JD, 1972. Anti-mosquito behaviour of ciconiiform birds. Anim Behav 20 :228–232.
-
37
Darbro JM, Harrington LC, 2007. Avian defensive behaviour and blood-feeding success of the West Nile vector mosqutio, Culex pipiens. Behav Ecol 18 :750–757.
-
38
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