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1
Lawrence C, Olson JA, 1986. Birefringent hemozoin identifies malaria. Am J Clin Pathol 86 :360–363.
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2
Romagosa C, Menendez C, Ismail MR, Quintó L, Ferrer B, Alonso PL, Ordi J, 2004. Polarisation microscopy increases the sensitivity of hemozoin and Plasmodium detection in the histological assessment of placental malaria. Acta Trop 90 :277–284.
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3
Mendelow BV, Lyons C, Nhlangothi P, Tana M, Munster M, Wypkema E, Liebowitz L, Marshall L, Scott S, Coetzer TL, 1999. Automated malaria detection by depolarization of laser light. Br J Haematol 104 :499–503.
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4
Kramer B, Grobusch MP, Suttorp N, Neukammer J, Rinneberg H, 2001. Relative frequency of malaria pigment-carrying monocytes of nonimmune and semi-immune patients from flow cytometric depolarized side scatter. Cytometry 45 :133–140.
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5
Maude RJ, Koh GC, Silamut K, 2008. Taking photographs with a microscope. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79 :471–472.
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A Simplified, Low-Cost Method for Polarized Light Microscopy
Richard J. Maude
Richard J. Maude
Centre for Tropical Diseases, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wanchana Buapetch
Wanchana Buapetch
Centre for Tropical Diseases, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kamolrat Silamut
Kamolrat Silamut
Centre for Tropical Diseases, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Malaria pigment is an intracellular inclusion body that appears in blood and tissue specimens on microscopic examination and can help in establishing the diagnosis of malaria. In simple light microscopy, it can be difficult to discern from cellular background and artifacts. It has long been known that if polarized light microscopy is used, malaria pigment can be much easier to distinguish. However, this technique is rarely used because of the need for a relatively costly polarization microscope. We describe a simple and economical technique to convert any standard light microscope suitable for examination of malaria films into a polarization microscope.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Lawrence C, Olson JA, 1986. Birefringent hemozoin identifies malaria. Am J Clin Pathol 86 :360–363.
-
2
Romagosa C, Menendez C, Ismail MR, Quintó L, Ferrer B, Alonso PL, Ordi J, 2004. Polarisation microscopy increases the sensitivity of hemozoin and Plasmodium detection in the histological assessment of placental malaria. Acta Trop 90 :277–284.
-
3
Mendelow BV, Lyons C, Nhlangothi P, Tana M, Munster M, Wypkema E, Liebowitz L, Marshall L, Scott S, Coetzer TL, 1999. Automated malaria detection by depolarization of laser light. Br J Haematol 104 :499–503.
-
4
Kramer B, Grobusch MP, Suttorp N, Neukammer J, Rinneberg H, 2001. Relative frequency of malaria pigment-carrying monocytes of nonimmune and semi-immune patients from flow cytometric depolarized side scatter. Cytometry 45 :133–140.
-
5
Maude RJ, Koh GC, Silamut K, 2008. Taking photographs with a microscope. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79 :471–472.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 501 | 346 | 30 |
| Full Text Views | 520 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 288 | 9 | 0 |