Mardani M, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, 2007. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Arch Iran Med 10 :204ā214.
Wallace MR, Hale BR, Utz GC, Olson PE, Earhart KC, Thornton SA, Hyams KC, 2002. Endemic infectious diseases of Afghanistan. Clin Infect Dis 34 (Suppl 5):S171āS207.
Athar MN, Baqai HZ, Ahmad M, Khalid MA, Bashir N, Ahmad AM, Balouch AH, Bashir K, 2003. Short report: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :284ā287.
van Eeden PJ, Joubert JR, van de Wal BW, King JB, de Kock A, Groenewald JH, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part I. Clinical features. S Afr Med J 68 :711ā717.
Casals J, 1969. Antigenic similarity between the virus causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Congo virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 131 :233ā236.
Swanepoel R, Shepherd AJ, Leman PA, Shepherd SP, Miller GB, 1985. A common-source outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm. S Afr Med J 68 :635ā637.
van de Wal BW, Joubert JR, van Eeden PJ, King JB, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part IV. Preventive and prophylactic measures. S Afr Med J 68 :729ā732.
Saleem J, Usman M, Nadeem A, Sethi SA, Salman M, 2009. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a first case from Abbottabad, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 13 :e121āe123.
Mardani M, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Holakouie Naieni K, Zeinali M, 2003. The Efficacy of oral ribavirin in the treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Clin Infect Dis 36 :1613ā1618.
Rahnavardi M, Rajaeinejad M, Pourmalek F, Mardani M, Holakouie-Naieni K, Dowlatshahi S, 2008. Knowledge and attitude toward Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in occupationally at-risk Iranian healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 69 :77ā85.
Hoogstraal H, 1979. The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J Med Entomol 15 :307ā317.
Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, Schmaljohn AL, Hughes JM, Jahrling PB, Ksiazek T, Johnson KM, Meyerhoff A, OāToole T, Ascher MS, Bartlett J, Breman JG, Eitzen EM Jr, Hamburg M, Hauer J, Henderson DA, Johnson RT, Kwik G, Layton M, Lillibridge S, Nabel GJ, Osterholm MT, Perl TM, Russell P, Tonat K, 2002. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 287 :2391ā2405.
Izadi S, Holakouie-Naieni K, Madjdzadeh SR, Nadim A, 2004. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Sistan and Balouchestan Province of Iran, a case-control study on epidemiological characteristics. Int J Infect Dis 8 :299ā306.
Fisher-Hoch SP, Khan AJ, Rehman S, Mirza S, Khurshid M, McCormick JB, 1995. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever treated with oral ribavirin. Lancet 346 :472ā475.
Sannikova IV, Pacechnikov VD, Maleev VV, 2007. Respiratory lesions in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Ter Arkh 79 :20ā23.
Doganci L, Ceyhan M, Tasdeler NF, Sarikayalar H, Tulek N, 2008. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Trop Doct 38 :252ā254.
Mardani M, 2001. Nosocomial Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran, 1999ā2000. Clin Microbiol Infect 7 (Suppl 1):213.
Shepherd AJ, Swanepoel R, Shepherd SP, Leman PA, Blackburn NK, Hallet AF, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part V. Virological and serological observations. S Afr Med J 68 :733ā736.
GuĢrbuĢz Y, Sencan I, OztuĢrk B, TuĢtuĢncuĢ E, 2009. A case of nosocomial transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever from patient to patient. Int J Infect Dis 13 :e105āe197.
Altaf A, Luby S, Ahmed AJ, Zaidi N, Khan AJ, Mirza S, McCormick J, Fisher-Hoch S, 1998. Outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Quetta, Pakistan: contact tracing and risk assessment. Trop Med Int Health 3 :878ā882.
Mardani M, Rahnavardi M, Rajaienejad M, Holakoui Naini K, Chinikar S, Pourmalek F, Rostami M, Hashemi Shahri M, 2007. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in Iran: a seroprevalence study in two endemic regions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :443ā445.
Weber DJ, Rutala WA, 2001. Risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases. Clin Infect Dis 32 :446ā456.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1998. Management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep37 (Suppl 3):1ā16.
Suleiman MN, Muscat-Baron JM, Harries JR, Satti AG, Platt GS, Bowen ET, Simpson DI, 1980. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Dubai: an outbreak at the Rashid Hospital. Lancet 2 :939ā941.
Whitehouse CA, 2004. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 64 :145ā160.
Izadi S, Salehi M, Holakouie-Naieni K, Chinikar S, 2008. The risk of transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus from human cases to first-degree relatives. Jpn J Infect Dis 61 :494ā496.
Sheikh AS, Sheikh AA, Sheikh NS, Tariq M, 2004. Ribavirin: an effective treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Pak J Med Sci 20 :201ā206.
Mardani M, Bijani B, 2003. Clinico-epidemiologic features and outcome analysis of hemorrhagic forms of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Iran. 41th Annual Meeting of IDSA. Abstract no. 763.
Ergonul O, Celikbas A, Dokuzoguz B, Eren S, Baykam N, Esener H, 2004. The characteristics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in a recent outbreak in Turkey and the impact of oral ribavirin therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39 :285ā289.
Ozkurt Z, Kiki I, Erol S, Erdem F, Yilmaz N, Parlak M, Gundogdu M, Tasyaran MA, 2006. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in eastern Turkey: clinical features, risk factors, and efficacy of ribavirin therapy. J Infect 52 :207ā215.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 29 | 29 | 10 |
Full Text Views | 300 | 108 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 92 | 42 | 0 |
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease with several different modes of transmission. We describe the manifestations, outcome, and likely modes of transmission for three nosocomial cases. All threee cases were healthcare workers (two men and one woman). They had fever, myalgia, and petechia. Disseminated intravascular coagulation resulted in the death occurred in the woman. Because this disease is manifested with non-specific influenza-like symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult. Data for these patients can be used to investigate airborne or sexual transmission of this virus, although neither route was substantiated for these patients. Use of universal precautions and early case detection are the most helpful strategy for preventing nosocomial transmission of CCHF.
Mardani M, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, 2007. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Arch Iran Med 10 :204ā214.
Wallace MR, Hale BR, Utz GC, Olson PE, Earhart KC, Thornton SA, Hyams KC, 2002. Endemic infectious diseases of Afghanistan. Clin Infect Dis 34 (Suppl 5):S171āS207.
Athar MN, Baqai HZ, Ahmad M, Khalid MA, Bashir N, Ahmad AM, Balouch AH, Bashir K, 2003. Short report: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :284ā287.
van Eeden PJ, Joubert JR, van de Wal BW, King JB, de Kock A, Groenewald JH, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part I. Clinical features. S Afr Med J 68 :711ā717.
Casals J, 1969. Antigenic similarity between the virus causing Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Congo virus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 131 :233ā236.
Swanepoel R, Shepherd AJ, Leman PA, Shepherd SP, Miller GB, 1985. A common-source outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever on a dairy farm. S Afr Med J 68 :635ā637.
van de Wal BW, Joubert JR, van Eeden PJ, King JB, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part IV. Preventive and prophylactic measures. S Afr Med J 68 :729ā732.
Saleem J, Usman M, Nadeem A, Sethi SA, Salman M, 2009. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a first case from Abbottabad, Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 13 :e121āe123.
Mardani M, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Holakouie Naieni K, Zeinali M, 2003. The Efficacy of oral ribavirin in the treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Clin Infect Dis 36 :1613ā1618.
Rahnavardi M, Rajaeinejad M, Pourmalek F, Mardani M, Holakouie-Naieni K, Dowlatshahi S, 2008. Knowledge and attitude toward Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in occupationally at-risk Iranian healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect 69 :77ā85.
Hoogstraal H, 1979. The epidemiology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Asia, Europe, and Africa. J Med Entomol 15 :307ā317.
Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, Schmaljohn AL, Hughes JM, Jahrling PB, Ksiazek T, Johnson KM, Meyerhoff A, OāToole T, Ascher MS, Bartlett J, Breman JG, Eitzen EM Jr, Hamburg M, Hauer J, Henderson DA, Johnson RT, Kwik G, Layton M, Lillibridge S, Nabel GJ, Osterholm MT, Perl TM, Russell P, Tonat K, 2002. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA 287 :2391ā2405.
Izadi S, Holakouie-Naieni K, Madjdzadeh SR, Nadim A, 2004. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Sistan and Balouchestan Province of Iran, a case-control study on epidemiological characteristics. Int J Infect Dis 8 :299ā306.
Fisher-Hoch SP, Khan AJ, Rehman S, Mirza S, Khurshid M, McCormick JB, 1995. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever treated with oral ribavirin. Lancet 346 :472ā475.
Sannikova IV, Pacechnikov VD, Maleev VV, 2007. Respiratory lesions in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Ter Arkh 79 :20ā23.
Doganci L, Ceyhan M, Tasdeler NF, Sarikayalar H, Tulek N, 2008. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Trop Doct 38 :252ā254.
Mardani M, 2001. Nosocomial Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran, 1999ā2000. Clin Microbiol Infect 7 (Suppl 1):213.
Shepherd AJ, Swanepoel R, Shepherd SP, Leman PA, Blackburn NK, Hallet AF, 1985. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part V. Virological and serological observations. S Afr Med J 68 :733ā736.
GuĢrbuĢz Y, Sencan I, OztuĢrk B, TuĢtuĢncuĢ E, 2009. A case of nosocomial transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever from patient to patient. Int J Infect Dis 13 :e105āe197.
Altaf A, Luby S, Ahmed AJ, Zaidi N, Khan AJ, Mirza S, McCormick J, Fisher-Hoch S, 1998. Outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Quetta, Pakistan: contact tracing and risk assessment. Trop Med Int Health 3 :878ā882.
Mardani M, Rahnavardi M, Rajaienejad M, Holakoui Naini K, Chinikar S, Pourmalek F, Rostami M, Hashemi Shahri M, 2007. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in Iran: a seroprevalence study in two endemic regions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 :443ā445.
Weber DJ, Rutala WA, 2001. Risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases. Clin Infect Dis 32 :446ā456.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1998. Management of patients with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep37 (Suppl 3):1ā16.
Suleiman MN, Muscat-Baron JM, Harries JR, Satti AG, Platt GS, Bowen ET, Simpson DI, 1980. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Dubai: an outbreak at the Rashid Hospital. Lancet 2 :939ā941.
Whitehouse CA, 2004. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 64 :145ā160.
Izadi S, Salehi M, Holakouie-Naieni K, Chinikar S, 2008. The risk of transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus from human cases to first-degree relatives. Jpn J Infect Dis 61 :494ā496.
Sheikh AS, Sheikh AA, Sheikh NS, Tariq M, 2004. Ribavirin: an effective treatment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Pak J Med Sci 20 :201ā206.
Mardani M, Bijani B, 2003. Clinico-epidemiologic features and outcome analysis of hemorrhagic forms of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Iran. 41th Annual Meeting of IDSA. Abstract no. 763.
Ergonul O, Celikbas A, Dokuzoguz B, Eren S, Baykam N, Esener H, 2004. The characteristics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in a recent outbreak in Turkey and the impact of oral ribavirin therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39 :285ā289.
Ozkurt Z, Kiki I, Erol S, Erdem F, Yilmaz N, Parlak M, Gundogdu M, Tasyaran MA, 2006. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in eastern Turkey: clinical features, risk factors, and efficacy of ribavirin therapy. J Infect 52 :207ā215.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 29 | 29 | 10 |
Full Text Views | 300 | 108 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 92 | 42 | 0 |