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1
Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, Alvar J, Boelaert M, 2007. Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol 5 :873–882.
-
2
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7 :581–596.
-
3
Bern C, Maguire JH, Alvar J, 2008. Complexities of assessing the disease burden attributable to leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2 :e313.
-
4
Garcia AL, Parrado R, Rojas E, Delgado R, Dujardin JC, Reithinger R, 2009. Leishmaniases in Bolivia: comprehensive review and current status. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :704–711.
-
5
Lawn SD, Whetham J, Chiodini PL, Kanagalingam J, Watson J, Behrens RH, Lockwood DN, 2004. New world mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis: an emerging health problem among British travellers. QJM 97 :781–788.
-
6
Protto JP, Schaaf D, Suárez MF, Darras C, 2008. Epidemiological environment and response to the HIV epidemic in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica 23 :288–294.
-
7
UNAIDS. Country Responses. Bolivia. http://www.unaids.org/en/CountryResponses/Countries/bolivia.asp.
-
8
Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Ter Horst R, López-Vélez R, Moreno J, 2008. The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 21 :334–359.
-
9
Romero HD, Taranto NJ, Malchiodi EL, 2004. American integumentary leishmaniasis associated with AIDS in Argentina. Medicina (B Aires) 64 :47–50.
-
10
Amato VS, Nicodemo AC, Amato JG, Boulos M, Neto VA, 2000. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection treated successfully with liposomal amphotericin B(AmBisome). J Antimicrob Chemother 46 :341–342.
-
11
Borges AS, Machado AA, Ferreira MS, de Castro Figueiredo JF, Silva GF, Cimerman S, Bacha HA, Teixeira MC, 1999. Concurrent leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a study of four cases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 32 :713–719.
-
12
Da-Cruz AM, Filgueiras DV, Coutinho Z, Mayrink W, Grimaldi G Jr, De Luca PM, Mendonca SC, Coutinho SG, 1999. Atypical mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: T-cell responses and remission of lesions associated with antigen immunotherapy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94 :537–542.
-
13
Mattos M, Caiza A, Fernandes O, Gonçalves AJ, Pirmez C, Souza CS, Oliveira-Neto MP, 1998. American cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection: report of four cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 10 :218–225.
-
14
Machado ES, Braga Mda P, Da Cruz AM, Coutinho SG, Vieira AR, Rutowitsch MS, Cuzzi-Maya T, Grimaldi G Jr, Menezes JA, 1992. Disseminated American muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in a patient with AIDS: a case report. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87 :487–492.
-
15
Fourcade S, Huber FI, Blanchet D, Aznar C, Clyti E, Simon S, Sainte-Marie D, Carme B, Couppié P, 2008. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis: a case report in an HIV-infected patient. Med Trop 68 :533–536.
-
16
Couppié P, Clyti E, Sobesky M, Bissuel F, Del Giudice P, Sainte-Marie D, Dedet JP, Carme B, Pradinaud R, 2004. Comparative study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients in French Guiana. Br J Dermatol 151 :1165–1171.
-
17
Echevarría J, Campos P, Chang J, Cuéllar L, Gotuzzo E, Paz L, Llanos-Cuentas A, 1993. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and AIDS: case report. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :186.
-
18
Garcia AL, Tellez T, Parrado R, Rojas E, Bermudez H, Dujardin JC, 2007. Epidemiological monitoring of American tegumentary leishmaniasis: molecular characterization of a peridomestic transmission cycle in the Amazonian lowlands of Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101 :1208–1213.
-
19
Rojas E, Parrado R, Delgado R, Reithinger R, Garcia AL, 2009. Leishmaniasis in Chaparé, Bolivia. Emerg Infect Dis 15 :678–680.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 290 | 210 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 298 | 9 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 119 | 9 | 2 |
Co-Infection of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and HIV: Report of a Case of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in Cochabamba, Bolivia
Faustino Torrico
Faustino Torrico
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Rudy Parrado
Rudy Parrado
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Rosario Castro
Rosario Castro
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Carla Jimena Marquez
Carla Jimena Marquez
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Mary Cruz Torrico
Mary Cruz Torrico
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Marco Solano
Marco Solano
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Richard Reithinger
Richard Reithinger
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Ana Lineth García
Ana Lineth García
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Laboratorio de Referencia Departamental, Servicio Departamental de Salud, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Infectología, Hospitalario Viedma, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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We describe the first case of Leishmania/HIV co-infection reported in Bolivia. Initially hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia and bronchitis, the patient had numerous cutaneous and mucosal lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The patient was also diagnosed as severely immunocompromised because of HIV infection.
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-
1
Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, Alvar J, Boelaert M, 2007. Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol 5 :873–882.
-
2
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7 :581–596.
-
3
Bern C, Maguire JH, Alvar J, 2008. Complexities of assessing the disease burden attributable to leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2 :e313.
-
4
Garcia AL, Parrado R, Rojas E, Delgado R, Dujardin JC, Reithinger R, 2009. Leishmaniases in Bolivia: comprehensive review and current status. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :704–711.
-
5
Lawn SD, Whetham J, Chiodini PL, Kanagalingam J, Watson J, Behrens RH, Lockwood DN, 2004. New world mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis: an emerging health problem among British travellers. QJM 97 :781–788.
-
6
Protto JP, Schaaf D, Suárez MF, Darras C, 2008. Epidemiological environment and response to the HIV epidemic in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica 23 :288–294.
-
7
UNAIDS. Country Responses. Bolivia. http://www.unaids.org/en/CountryResponses/Countries/bolivia.asp.
-
8
Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Ter Horst R, López-Vélez R, Moreno J, 2008. The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 21 :334–359.
-
9
Romero HD, Taranto NJ, Malchiodi EL, 2004. American integumentary leishmaniasis associated with AIDS in Argentina. Medicina (B Aires) 64 :47–50.
-
10
Amato VS, Nicodemo AC, Amato JG, Boulos M, Neto VA, 2000. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection treated successfully with liposomal amphotericin B(AmBisome). J Antimicrob Chemother 46 :341–342.
-
11
Borges AS, Machado AA, Ferreira MS, de Castro Figueiredo JF, Silva GF, Cimerman S, Bacha HA, Teixeira MC, 1999. Concurrent leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a study of four cases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 32 :713–719.
-
12
Da-Cruz AM, Filgueiras DV, Coutinho Z, Mayrink W, Grimaldi G Jr, De Luca PM, Mendonca SC, Coutinho SG, 1999. Atypical mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: T-cell responses and remission of lesions associated with antigen immunotherapy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94 :537–542.
-
13
Mattos M, Caiza A, Fernandes O, Gonçalves AJ, Pirmez C, Souza CS, Oliveira-Neto MP, 1998. American cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection: report of four cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 10 :218–225.
-
14
Machado ES, Braga Mda P, Da Cruz AM, Coutinho SG, Vieira AR, Rutowitsch MS, Cuzzi-Maya T, Grimaldi G Jr, Menezes JA, 1992. Disseminated American muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in a patient with AIDS: a case report. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87 :487–492.
-
15
Fourcade S, Huber FI, Blanchet D, Aznar C, Clyti E, Simon S, Sainte-Marie D, Carme B, Couppié P, 2008. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis: a case report in an HIV-infected patient. Med Trop 68 :533–536.
-
16
Couppié P, Clyti E, Sobesky M, Bissuel F, Del Giudice P, Sainte-Marie D, Dedet JP, Carme B, Pradinaud R, 2004. Comparative study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients in French Guiana. Br J Dermatol 151 :1165–1171.
-
17
Echevarría J, Campos P, Chang J, Cuéllar L, Gotuzzo E, Paz L, Llanos-Cuentas A, 1993. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and AIDS: case report. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87 :186.
-
18
Garcia AL, Tellez T, Parrado R, Rojas E, Bermudez H, Dujardin JC, 2007. Epidemiological monitoring of American tegumentary leishmaniasis: molecular characterization of a peridomestic transmission cycle in the Amazonian lowlands of Bolivia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101 :1208–1213.
-
19
Rojas E, Parrado R, Delgado R, Reithinger R, Garcia AL, 2009. Leishmaniasis in Chaparé, Bolivia. Emerg Infect Dis 15 :678–680.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 290 | 210 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 298 | 9 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 119 | 9 | 2 |