Significance of Imaging Features of Alveolar Echinococcosis in Studies on Nonhuman Primates

Miori Kishimoto Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Kazutaka Yamada Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Kimiaki Yamano Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Nobuyuki Kobayashi Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Satoshi Fujimoto Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Junichiro Shimizu Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Ki-Ja Lee Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Toshiroh Iwasaki Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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Yoh-Ichi Miyake Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Obihiro Zoo, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan

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In this study, we report the imaging findings in two Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) diagnosed with alveolar echinococcosis. Both monkeys were treated with albendazole for 10 years, without surgery. Radiography, computed tomography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were performed under general anesthesia. This is the first report on contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic imaging for alveolar echinococcosis wherein perflubutane was used as the contrast medium. The findings of the imaging analyses were similar to those reported for alveolar echinococcosis in humans, such as snowflake sign and worm-eaten sign. In addition, the serology correlated well with the imaging data in these two monkeys. Therefore, we propose that the imaging findings of alveolar echinococcosis in nonhuman primates may be used to accumulate data on this condition in human alveolar echinococcosis.

Author Notes

Reprint requests: Kazutaka Yamada, Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, West 2-sen 11, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan, E-mail: kyamada@obihiro.ac.jp.
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