McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB, 2003. Echinococcosis. Lancet 362 :1295–1304.
Lucius R, 2003. Molecular confirmation of human alveolar echinococcosis in Poland. Clin Infect Dis 37 :e121–e125.
Craig PS, McManus DP, Lightowlers MW, Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Lorca M, Naquira C, Nieto A, Schantz PM, 2007. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis 7 :385–394.
Jenne L, Kilwinski J, Radloff P, Flick W, Kern P, 1998. Clinical efficacy of and immunologic alterations caused by interferon gamma therapy for alveolar echinococcosis. Clin Infect Dis 26 :492–494.
WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, 1996. Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Bull World Health Organ 74 :231–242.
Parsak CK, Demiryurek HH, Inal M, Sakman G, Koltas IS, Erkocak EU, Korkmaz M, Acarturk TO, 2007. Alveolar hydatid disease: imaging findings and surgical approach. Acta Chir Belg 107 :572–577.
Ito A, Nakao M, Sako Y, 2007. Echinococcosis: serological detection of patients and molecular identification of parasites. Future Microbiol 2 :439–449.
Sako Y, Fukuda K, Kobayashi Y, Ito A, 2009. Development of an immunochromatographic test to detect antibodies against recombinant Em18 for diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol 47 :252–254.
Bacciarini LN, Gottstein B, Pagan O, Rehmann P, Gröne A, 2004. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol 41 :229–234.
Brack M, Tackmann K, Conraths FJ, Rensing S, 1997. Alveolar hydatidosis (Echinococcus multilocularis) in a captive rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Germany. Trop Med Int Health 2 :754–759.
Rehmann P, Gröne A, Lawrenz A, Pagan O, Gottstein B, Bacciarini LN, 2003. Echinococcus multilocularis in two lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla). J Comp Pathol 129 :85–88.
Sato C, Kawase S, Yano S, Nagano H, Fujimoto S, Kobayashi N, Miyahara K, Yamada K, Sato M, Kobayashi Y, 2005. Outbreak of larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in a zoo, Hokkaido: western blotting patterns in the infected monkeys. J Vet Med Sci 67 :133–135.
Tappe D, Brehm K, Frosch M, Blankenburg A, Schrod A, Kaup FJ, Mätz-Rensing K, 2007. Echinococcus multilocularis infection of several Old World monkey species in a breeding enclosure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :504–506.
Yamano K, Goto A, Miyoshi M, Furuya K, Sawada Y, Sato N, 2009. Diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis using immunoblotting with plural low molecular weight antigens. J Helminthol 83 :57–61.
Laemmli UK, 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227 :680–685.
Furuya K, Sato H, Kumagai M, 1987. Application of Western blotting method for immunoserologic diagnosis of hydatidosis (in Japanese). J Cli Exp Med 141 :41–42.
Czermak BV, Akhan O, Hiemetzberger R, Zelger B, Vogel W, Jaschke W, Rieger M, Kim SY, Lim JH, 2008. Echinococcosis of the liver. Abdom Imaging 33 :133–143.
Suzuki Y, Fujimoto Y, Hosoki Y, Suzuki M, Inoue M, Sakurai S, Ohtake T, Ohhira M, Saito H, Kohgo Y, 2003. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced wide-band Doppler ultrasonograpy to diagnose alveolar echinococcosis of the liver and evaluate the effect of the treatment. Eur J Radiol 48 :305–311.
Bresson-Hadni S, Delabrousse E, Blagosklonov O, Bartholomot B, Koch S, Miguet JP, André Mantion G, Angèle Vuitton D, 2006. Imaging aspects and non-surgical interventional treatment in human alveolar echinococcosis. Parasitol Int 55 :S267–S272.
Chopdat N, Menezes CN, John MA, Mahomed N, Grobusch MP, 2007. A gardener who coughed up blood. Lancet 370 :1520.
Sailer M, Soelder B, Allerberger F, Zaknun D, Feichtinger H, Gottstein B, 1997. Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver in a six-year-old girl with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Pediatr 130 :320–323.
Rausch RL, Wilson JF, Schantz PM, McMahon BJ, 1987. Spontaneous death of Echinococcus multilocularis: cases diagnosed serologically (by Em2 ELISA) and clinical significance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36 :576–585.
Alexiadis G, Lambropoulou M, Deftereos S, Papadopoulos N, Manavis J, 2002. Primary muscular hydatidosis. US, CT and MR findings. Acta Radiol 43 :428–430.
Czermak BV, Unsinn KM, Gotwald T, Waldenberger P, Freund MC, Bale RJ, Vogel W, Jaschke WR, 2001. Echinococcus multilocularis revisited. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176 :1207–1212.
Ohsaki Y, Sasaki T, Shibukawa K, Takahashi T, Osanai S, 2007. Radiological findings of alveolar hydatid disease of the lung caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Respirology 12 :458–461.
LaPook JD, Magun AM, Nickerson KG, Meltzer JI, 2000. Sheep, watercress, and the Internet. Lancet 356 :218.
Schwabe CW, 1984. Veterinary Medicine and Human Health. Third edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Zinsstag J, Schelling E, Wyss K, Mahamat MB, 2005. Potential of cooperation between human and animal health to strengthen health systems. Lancet 366 :2142–2145.
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In this study, we report the imaging findings in two Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) diagnosed with alveolar echinococcosis. Both monkeys were treated with albendazole for 10 years, without surgery. Radiography, computed tomography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were performed under general anesthesia. This is the first report on contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic imaging for alveolar echinococcosis wherein perflubutane was used as the contrast medium. The findings of the imaging analyses were similar to those reported for alveolar echinococcosis in humans, such as snowflake sign and worm-eaten sign. In addition, the serology correlated well with the imaging data in these two monkeys. Therefore, we propose that the imaging findings of alveolar echinococcosis in nonhuman primates may be used to accumulate data on this condition in human alveolar echinococcosis.
McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB, 2003. Echinococcosis. Lancet 362 :1295–1304.
Lucius R, 2003. Molecular confirmation of human alveolar echinococcosis in Poland. Clin Infect Dis 37 :e121–e125.
Craig PS, McManus DP, Lightowlers MW, Chabalgoity JA, Garcia HH, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Lorca M, Naquira C, Nieto A, Schantz PM, 2007. Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis. Lancet Infect Dis 7 :385–394.
Jenne L, Kilwinski J, Radloff P, Flick W, Kern P, 1998. Clinical efficacy of and immunologic alterations caused by interferon gamma therapy for alveolar echinococcosis. Clin Infect Dis 26 :492–494.
WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, 1996. Guidelines for treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Bull World Health Organ 74 :231–242.
Parsak CK, Demiryurek HH, Inal M, Sakman G, Koltas IS, Erkocak EU, Korkmaz M, Acarturk TO, 2007. Alveolar hydatid disease: imaging findings and surgical approach. Acta Chir Belg 107 :572–577.
Ito A, Nakao M, Sako Y, 2007. Echinococcosis: serological detection of patients and molecular identification of parasites. Future Microbiol 2 :439–449.
Sako Y, Fukuda K, Kobayashi Y, Ito A, 2009. Development of an immunochromatographic test to detect antibodies against recombinant Em18 for diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol 47 :252–254.
Bacciarini LN, Gottstein B, Pagan O, Rehmann P, Gröne A, 2004. Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet Pathol 41 :229–234.
Brack M, Tackmann K, Conraths FJ, Rensing S, 1997. Alveolar hydatidosis (Echinococcus multilocularis) in a captive rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Germany. Trop Med Int Health 2 :754–759.
Rehmann P, Gröne A, Lawrenz A, Pagan O, Gottstein B, Bacciarini LN, 2003. Echinococcus multilocularis in two lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla). J Comp Pathol 129 :85–88.
Sato C, Kawase S, Yano S, Nagano H, Fujimoto S, Kobayashi N, Miyahara K, Yamada K, Sato M, Kobayashi Y, 2005. Outbreak of larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) in a zoo, Hokkaido: western blotting patterns in the infected monkeys. J Vet Med Sci 67 :133–135.
Tappe D, Brehm K, Frosch M, Blankenburg A, Schrod A, Kaup FJ, Mätz-Rensing K, 2007. Echinococcus multilocularis infection of several Old World monkey species in a breeding enclosure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :504–506.
Yamano K, Goto A, Miyoshi M, Furuya K, Sawada Y, Sato N, 2009. Diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis using immunoblotting with plural low molecular weight antigens. J Helminthol 83 :57–61.
Laemmli UK, 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227 :680–685.
Furuya K, Sato H, Kumagai M, 1987. Application of Western blotting method for immunoserologic diagnosis of hydatidosis (in Japanese). J Cli Exp Med 141 :41–42.
Czermak BV, Akhan O, Hiemetzberger R, Zelger B, Vogel W, Jaschke W, Rieger M, Kim SY, Lim JH, 2008. Echinococcosis of the liver. Abdom Imaging 33 :133–143.
Suzuki Y, Fujimoto Y, Hosoki Y, Suzuki M, Inoue M, Sakurai S, Ohtake T, Ohhira M, Saito H, Kohgo Y, 2003. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced wide-band Doppler ultrasonograpy to diagnose alveolar echinococcosis of the liver and evaluate the effect of the treatment. Eur J Radiol 48 :305–311.
Bresson-Hadni S, Delabrousse E, Blagosklonov O, Bartholomot B, Koch S, Miguet JP, André Mantion G, Angèle Vuitton D, 2006. Imaging aspects and non-surgical interventional treatment in human alveolar echinococcosis. Parasitol Int 55 :S267–S272.
Chopdat N, Menezes CN, John MA, Mahomed N, Grobusch MP, 2007. A gardener who coughed up blood. Lancet 370 :1520.
Sailer M, Soelder B, Allerberger F, Zaknun D, Feichtinger H, Gottstein B, 1997. Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver in a six-year-old girl with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Pediatr 130 :320–323.
Rausch RL, Wilson JF, Schantz PM, McMahon BJ, 1987. Spontaneous death of Echinococcus multilocularis: cases diagnosed serologically (by Em2 ELISA) and clinical significance. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36 :576–585.
Alexiadis G, Lambropoulou M, Deftereos S, Papadopoulos N, Manavis J, 2002. Primary muscular hydatidosis. US, CT and MR findings. Acta Radiol 43 :428–430.
Czermak BV, Unsinn KM, Gotwald T, Waldenberger P, Freund MC, Bale RJ, Vogel W, Jaschke WR, 2001. Echinococcus multilocularis revisited. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176 :1207–1212.
Ohsaki Y, Sasaki T, Shibukawa K, Takahashi T, Osanai S, 2007. Radiological findings of alveolar hydatid disease of the lung caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Respirology 12 :458–461.
LaPook JD, Magun AM, Nickerson KG, Meltzer JI, 2000. Sheep, watercress, and the Internet. Lancet 356 :218.
Schwabe CW, 1984. Veterinary Medicine and Human Health. Third edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
Zinsstag J, Schelling E, Wyss K, Mahamat MB, 2005. Potential of cooperation between human and animal health to strengthen health systems. Lancet 366 :2142–2145.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 629 | 541 | 6 |
Full Text Views | 365 | 11 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 89 | 6 | 0 |