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-
1
Ali SA, Hill DR, 2003. Giardia intestinalis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 16 :453–460.
-
2
Rai K, Sherchand JB, Bhatta DR, Bhattarai NR, 2005. Status of Giardia intestinalis infection among the children attending Kanti children hospital, Nepal. Scientific World 3 :102–105.
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3
Hoge CW, Echeverria P, Rajah R, Jacobs J, Malthouse S, Chapman E, Jimenez LM, Shlim DR, 1995. Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal. J Clin Microbiol 33 :3058–3060.
-
4
Monis PT, Andrews RH, Mayrhofer G, Ey PL, 1999. Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan. Giardia intestinalis. Mol Biol Evol 16 :1135–1144.
-
5
Adam RD, 2001. Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev 14 :447–475.
-
6
Ajjampur SS, Sankaran P, Kannan A, Sathyakumar K, Sarkar R, Gladstone BP, Kang G, 2009. Short report: Giardia duodenalis assemblages associated with diarrhea in children in south India identified by PCR-RFLP. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :16–19.
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7
Read C, Walters J, Robertson ID, Thompson RC, 2002. Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol 32 :229–231.
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8
Aydin AF, Besirbellioglu BA, Avci IY, Tanyuksel M, Araz E, Pahsa A, 2004. Classification of Giardia duodenalis parasites in Turkey into groups A and B using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 50 :147–151.
-
9
Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER, 2005. Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 192 :2171–2173.
-
10
Ng CT, Gilchrist CA, Lane A, Roy S, Haque R, Houpt ER, 2005. Multiplex real-time PCR assay using Scorpion probes and DNA capture for genotype-specific detection of Giardia lamblia on fecal samples. J Clin Microbiol 43 :1256–1260.
-
11
Hoge CW, Echeverria P, Rajah R, Jacobs J, Malthouse S, Chapman E, Jimenez LM, Shlim DR, 1995. Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal. J Clin Microbiol 33 :3058–3060.
-
12
Amar CF, Dear PH, McLauchlin J, 2003. Detection and genotyping by real time PCR/RFLP analyses of Giardia duodenalis from human faeces. J Med Microbiol 52 :681–683.
-
13
Sulaiman IM, Jiang J, Singh A, Xiao L, 2004. Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 :3776–3780.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1455 | 1223 | 32 |
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Giardia intestinalis Assemblages A and B Infections in Nepal
Anjana Singh
Anjana Singh
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Lalitha Janaki
Lalitha Janaki
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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William A. Petri Jr
William A. Petri Jr
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Eric R. Houpt
Eric R. Houpt
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Giardia intestinalis is comprised of two major genotypes, A and B, which may vary in their propensity to cause disease. We tested for the presence of these two genotypes in stool samples from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in Nepal. A total of 1,096 clinical specimens were screened by microscopy, and 45 samples with G. intestinalis were identified. Giardia infection was confirmed in 35 of 45 samples by a Giardia specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Genotyping of the Giardia PCR product by restriction fragment length polymorphism indicated that 74% (26 of 35) were assemblage B, 20% (7 of 35) were assemblage A, and 6% (2 of 35) were mixed assemblages.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Ali SA, Hill DR, 2003. Giardia intestinalis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 16 :453–460.
-
2
Rai K, Sherchand JB, Bhatta DR, Bhattarai NR, 2005. Status of Giardia intestinalis infection among the children attending Kanti children hospital, Nepal. Scientific World 3 :102–105.
-
3
Hoge CW, Echeverria P, Rajah R, Jacobs J, Malthouse S, Chapman E, Jimenez LM, Shlim DR, 1995. Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal. J Clin Microbiol 33 :3058–3060.
-
4
Monis PT, Andrews RH, Mayrhofer G, Ey PL, 1999. Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan. Giardia intestinalis. Mol Biol Evol 16 :1135–1144.
-
5
Adam RD, 2001. Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev 14 :447–475.
-
6
Ajjampur SS, Sankaran P, Kannan A, Sathyakumar K, Sarkar R, Gladstone BP, Kang G, 2009. Short report: Giardia duodenalis assemblages associated with diarrhea in children in south India identified by PCR-RFLP. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :16–19.
-
7
Read C, Walters J, Robertson ID, Thompson RC, 2002. Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol 32 :229–231.
-
8
Aydin AF, Besirbellioglu BA, Avci IY, Tanyuksel M, Araz E, Pahsa A, 2004. Classification of Giardia duodenalis parasites in Turkey into groups A and B using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 50 :147–151.
-
9
Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER, 2005. Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 192 :2171–2173.
-
10
Ng CT, Gilchrist CA, Lane A, Roy S, Haque R, Houpt ER, 2005. Multiplex real-time PCR assay using Scorpion probes and DNA capture for genotype-specific detection of Giardia lamblia on fecal samples. J Clin Microbiol 43 :1256–1260.
-
11
Hoge CW, Echeverria P, Rajah R, Jacobs J, Malthouse S, Chapman E, Jimenez LM, Shlim DR, 1995. Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal. J Clin Microbiol 33 :3058–3060.
-
12
Amar CF, Dear PH, McLauchlin J, 2003. Detection and genotyping by real time PCR/RFLP analyses of Giardia duodenalis from human faeces. J Med Microbiol 52 :681–683.
-
13
Sulaiman IM, Jiang J, Singh A, Xiao L, 2004. Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 :3776–3780.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1455 | 1223 | 32 |
| Full Text Views | 220 | 9 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 62 | 6 | 0 |