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-
1
Stamm DD, 1966. Relationship of birds and arboviruses. Auk 83 :84–97.
-
2
Tsai TF, 1991. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 5 :73–102.
-
3
Unnasch RS, Sprenger T, Katholi CR, Cupp EW, Hill GE, Unnasch TR, 2006. A dynamic transmission model of eastern equine encephalitis virus. Ecol Modell 192 :425–440.
-
4
Hamer GL, Walker ED, Brawn JD, Loss SR, Ruiz MO, Goldberg TL, Schotthoefer AM, Brown WM, Wheeler E, Kitron UD, 2008. Rapid amplification of West Nile virus: the role of hatch-year birds. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :57–67.
-
5
Loss SR, Hamer GL, Goldberg TL, Ruiz MO, Kitron UD, Walker ED, Brawn JD, 2008. Nestling passerines are not important hosts for amplification of West Nile virus in Chicago, Illinois. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9 :13–18.
-
6
Blackmore JS, Dow RP, 1958. Differential feeding of Culex tarsalis on nestling and adult birds. Mosq News 18 :15–17.
-
7
Griffing SM, Kilpatrick AM, Clark L, Marra PP, 2007. Mosquito landing rates on nesting American robins (Turdus migratorius). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :437–443.
-
8
Ansell J, Hu JT, Gilbert SC, Hamilton KA, Hill AV, Lindsay SW, 2000. Improved method for distinguishing the human source of mosquito blood meals between close family members. Am J Trop Med Hyg 94 :572–574.
-
9
Gowaty PA, Plissner JH, 1998. Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis). Poole A. ed. The Birds of North America Online. No. 381. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/381. doi:10.2173/bna.381. Accessed October 27, 2008.
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10
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. West Nile Virus: Vertebrate Ecology, Bird Species. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/birdspecies.htm. Accessed December 10, 2008.
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11
LaDeau SL, Kilpatrick AM, Marra PP, 2007. West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations. Nature 447 :710–713.
-
12
Hill GE, Siefferman L, Liu M, Hassan H, Unnasch TR, 2009. The effects of West Nile virus on reproductive success and overwinter survival of eastern bluebirds in Alabama. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis (In press).
-
13
Yuval B, 1994. The vertebrate host as mating encounter site for its ectoparasites: ecological and evolutionary considerations. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 19 :115–120.
-
14
Yuval B, 2006. Mating systems of blood-feeding flies. Annu Rev Entomol 51 :413–440.
-
15
Apperson CS, Harrison BA, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Irby WS, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Watson DW, Rueda LM, Engber BR, Nasci RS, 2002. Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 39 :777–785.
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16
Balenger SL, Johnson LS, Mays HL, Masters BS, 2009. Extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) and its effect on the potential for sexual selection. J Avian Biol 40 :173–180.
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17
Darbro JM, Dhondt AA, Vermeylen FM, Harrington LC, 2007. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) affects mosquito blood feeding patterns. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :488–494.
-
18
Hassan HK, Cupp EW, Hill GE, Katholi CR, Klinger K, Unnasch TR, 2003. Avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :641–647.
-
19
Apperson CS, Hassan HK, Harrison BA, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Farajollahi A, Crans W, Daniels TJ, Falco RC, Benedict M, Anderson M, McMillen L, Unnasch TR, 2004. Host feeding patterns of established and potential mosquito vectors of West Nile virus in the eastern United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4 :71–82.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 461 | 393 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 231 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 9 | 0 |
Assessing Mosquito Feeding Patterns on Nestling and Brooding Adult Birds Using Microsatellite Markers
Russell A. Ligon
Russell A. Ligon
Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Global Health Infectious Disease Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Global Health Infectious Disease Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Mark Liu
Mark Liu
Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Global Health Infectious Disease Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Geoffrey E. Hill
Geoffrey E. Hill
Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Global Health Infectious Disease Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Hassan K. Hassan
Hassan K. Hassan
Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Global Health Infectious Disease Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Thomas R. Unnasch
Thomas R. Unnasch
Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Global Health Infectious Disease Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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The role that different age classes of birds play in the amplification of arthropod-borne viruses depends critically on the feeding choices made by mosquitoes. To determine if mosquitoes are more likely to feed on nestling or adult birds, we introduced Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes into eastern bluebird Sialia sialis nest boxes after dark and recaptured them the following morning. We collected blood from each nestling and brooding mother and used molecular genotyping methods to trace the blood meals of individual mosquitoes to the individual bird fed upon (mothers or chicks). Of the 14 recaptured mosquitoes, whose blood meals were identified to the species level, 10 fed only on nestlings, three fed only on an adult, and one mosquito fed on an adult and two nestlings. These preliminary data show that microsatellite genotyping may be used to answer important questions concerning mosquito feeding patterns on different age classes of birds.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Stamm DD, 1966. Relationship of birds and arboviruses. Auk 83 :84–97.
-
2
Tsai TF, 1991. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 5 :73–102.
-
3
Unnasch RS, Sprenger T, Katholi CR, Cupp EW, Hill GE, Unnasch TR, 2006. A dynamic transmission model of eastern equine encephalitis virus. Ecol Modell 192 :425–440.
-
4
Hamer GL, Walker ED, Brawn JD, Loss SR, Ruiz MO, Goldberg TL, Schotthoefer AM, Brown WM, Wheeler E, Kitron UD, 2008. Rapid amplification of West Nile virus: the role of hatch-year birds. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :57–67.
-
5
Loss SR, Hamer GL, Goldberg TL, Ruiz MO, Kitron UD, Walker ED, Brawn JD, 2008. Nestling passerines are not important hosts for amplification of West Nile virus in Chicago, Illinois. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9 :13–18.
-
6
Blackmore JS, Dow RP, 1958. Differential feeding of Culex tarsalis on nestling and adult birds. Mosq News 18 :15–17.
-
7
Griffing SM, Kilpatrick AM, Clark L, Marra PP, 2007. Mosquito landing rates on nesting American robins (Turdus migratorius). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :437–443.
-
8
Ansell J, Hu JT, Gilbert SC, Hamilton KA, Hill AV, Lindsay SW, 2000. Improved method for distinguishing the human source of mosquito blood meals between close family members. Am J Trop Med Hyg 94 :572–574.
-
9
Gowaty PA, Plissner JH, 1998. Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis). Poole A. ed. The Birds of North America Online. No. 381. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/381. doi:10.2173/bna.381. Accessed October 27, 2008.
-
10
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. West Nile Virus: Vertebrate Ecology, Bird Species. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/birdspecies.htm. Accessed December 10, 2008.
-
11
LaDeau SL, Kilpatrick AM, Marra PP, 2007. West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations. Nature 447 :710–713.
-
12
Hill GE, Siefferman L, Liu M, Hassan H, Unnasch TR, 2009. The effects of West Nile virus on reproductive success and overwinter survival of eastern bluebirds in Alabama. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis (In press).
-
13
Yuval B, 1994. The vertebrate host as mating encounter site for its ectoparasites: ecological and evolutionary considerations. Bull Soc Vector Ecol 19 :115–120.
-
14
Yuval B, 2006. Mating systems of blood-feeding flies. Annu Rev Entomol 51 :413–440.
-
15
Apperson CS, Harrison BA, Unnasch TR, Hassan HK, Irby WS, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Watson DW, Rueda LM, Engber BR, Nasci RS, 2002. Host-feeding habits of Culex and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the borough of Queens in New York City, with characters and techniques for identification of Culex mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 39 :777–785.
-
16
Balenger SL, Johnson LS, Mays HL, Masters BS, 2009. Extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous mountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides) and its effect on the potential for sexual selection. J Avian Biol 40 :173–180.
-
17
Darbro JM, Dhondt AA, Vermeylen FM, Harrington LC, 2007. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) affects mosquito blood feeding patterns. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :488–494.
-
18
Hassan HK, Cupp EW, Hill GE, Katholi CR, Klinger K, Unnasch TR, 2003. Avian host preference by vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69 :641–647.
-
19
Apperson CS, Hassan HK, Harrison BA, Savage HM, Aspen SE, Farajollahi A, Crans W, Daniels TJ, Falco RC, Benedict M, Anderson M, McMillen L, Unnasch TR, 2004. Host feeding patterns of established and potential mosquito vectors of West Nile virus in the eastern United States. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 4 :71–82.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 461 | 393 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 231 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 53 | 9 | 0 |