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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Wongsrichanalai C, Pickard AL, Wernsdorfer WH, Meshnick SR, 2002. Epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :209–218.
-
2
Asif SA, 2008. Departmental audit of malaria control programme 2001–2005 North West Frontier Province (NWFP). J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 20 :98–102.
-
3
Barnadas C, Ratsimbasoa A, Tichit M, Bouchier C, Jahevitra M, Picot S, Menard D, 2008. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in Madagascar: clinical efficacy and polymorphisms in pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52 :4233–4240.
-
4
Rungsihirunrat K, Chaijareonkul W, Seugorn A, Na-Bangchang K, Thaithong S, 2009. Association between chloroquine resistance phenotypes and point mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thailand. Acta Trop 109 :37–40.
-
5
Rungsihirunrat K, Sibley CH, Mungthin M, Na-Bangchang K, 2008. Geographical distribution of amino acid mutations in Plasmodium vivax DHFR and DHPS from malaria endemic areas of Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78 :462–467.
-
6
Alam MT, Bora H, Bharti PK, Saifi MA, Das MK, Dev V, Kumar A, Singh N, Dash AP, Das B, Wajihullah, Sharma YD, 2007. Similar trends of pyrimethamine resistance-associated mutations in Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 :857–863.
-
7
Wikipedia, 2009. Bannu District. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannu_District. Accessed April 14, 2009.
-
8
Bouma MJ, Dye C, van der Kaay HJ, 1996. Falciparum malaria and climate change in the northwest frontier province of Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :131–137.
-
9
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA, 1999. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :687–692.
-
10
CVD, 2009. PCR-ASRA protocols for Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance mutation analysis. Available at: http://medschool.umaryland.edu/CVD/malaria.asp. Accessed April 14, 2009.
-
11
Zakeri S, Motmaen SR, Afsharpad M, Djadid ND, 2009. Molecular characterization of antifolates resistance-associated genes, (dhfr and dhps) in Plasmodium vivax isolates from the Middle East. Malar J 8 :20.
-
12
Hawkins VN, Joshi H, Rungsihirunrat K, Na-Bangchang K, Sibley CH, 2007. Antifolates can have a role in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax. Trends Parasitol 23 :213–222.
-
13
Hallett RL, Dunyo S, Ord R, Jawara M, Pinder M, Randall A, Alloueche A, Walraven G, Targett GA, Alexander N, Sutherland CJ, 2006. Chloroquine/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for Gambian children with malaria: transmission to mosquitoes of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Clin Trials 1 :e15.
-
14
Baliraine FN, Amenya DA, Bonizzoni M, Menge DM, Zhou G, Zhong D, Vardo-Zalik AM, Githeko AK, Yan G, 2009. High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in a highland area of Western Kenya: a cohort study. J Infect Dis 200 :66–74.
-
15
Menge DM, Ernst KC, Vulule JM, Zimmerman PA, Guo H, John CC, 2008. Microscopy underestimates the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum in symptomatic individuals in a low transmission highland area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79 :173–177.
-
16
Ngasala B, Mubi M, Warsame M, Petzold MG, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL, Tomson G, Premji Z, Bjorkman A, 2008. Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial. Malar J 7 :199.
-
17
Garcia LS, 2007. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
-
18
Bell DR, Wilson DW, Martin LB, 2005. False-positive results of a Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2-detecting malaria rapid diagnostic test due to high sensitivity in a community with fluctuating low parasite density. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :199–203.
-
19
Mason DP, McKenzie FE, 1999. Blood-stage dynamics and clinical implications of mixed Plasmodium vivax-Plasmodium falciparum infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :367–374.
-
20
de Oliveira AM, Skarbinski J, Ouma PO, Kariuki S, Barnwell JW, Otieno K, Onyona P, Causer LM, Laserson KF, Akhwale WS, Slutsker L, Hamel M, 2009. Performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as part of routine malaria case management in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :470–474.
-
21
Hopkins H, Bebell L, Kambale W, Dokomajilar C, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, 2008. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria at sites of varying transmission intensity in Uganda. J Infect Dis 197 :510–518.
-
22
Hastings MD, Porter KM, Maguire JD, Susanti I, Kania W, Bangs MJ, Sibley CH, Baird JK, 2004. Dihydrofolate reductase mutations in Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia and therapeutic response to sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. J Infect Dis 189 :744–750.
-
23
Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, Cheng Q, Moore C, Looareesuwan S, Snounou G, White NJ, Day NP, 2005. Limited polymorphism in the dihydropteroate synthetase gene (dhps) of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 :4393–4395.
-
24
Leslie T, Mayan MI, Hasan MA, Safi MH, Klinkenberg E, Whitty CJ, Rowland M, 2007. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chlorproguanil-dapsone, or chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 297 :2201–2209.
-
25
Wang P, Lee CS, Bayoumi R, Djimde A, Doumbo O, Swedberg G, Dao LD, Mshinda H, Tanner M, Watkins WM, Sims PF, Hyde JE, 1997. Resistance to antifolates in Plasmodium falciparum monitored by sequence analysis of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase alleles in a large number of field samples of diverse origins. Mol Biochem Parasitol 89 :161–177.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 564 | 470 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 757 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 74 | 2 | 0 |
Prevalence of Antimalarial Drug Resistance Mutations in Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum from a Malaria-Endemic Area of Pakistan
Lubna Khatoon
Lubna Khatoon
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
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Frederick N. Baliraine
Frederick N. Baliraine
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
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Mariangela Bonizzoni
Mariangela Bonizzoni
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
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Salman A. Malik
Salman A. Malik
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
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Guiyun Yan
Guiyun Yan
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
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To study drug resistance in Bannu district, a malaria-endemic area in Pakistan, molecular-based analyses were undertaken. In Plasmodium vivax, antifolate resistance mutations were detected in pvdhfr gene codons 57, 58, and 117, with a 117N mutation frequency of 93.5%. All P. falciparum isolates exhibited double 59R + 108N mutations in pfdhfr, whereas the triple mutant 59R + 108N + 437G haplotype was found in 31.8% isolates. Furthermore, all (100%) P. falciparum isolates exhibited the key chloroquine resistance mutation, pfcrt 76T, which is also associated with resistance to amodiaquine. Additionally, pfmdr1 86Y and D1042Y mutations were, respectively, detected in 32% and 9% isolates. These results indicate an emerging multi-drug resistance problem in P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria parasites in Pakistan.
Author Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1
Wongsrichanalai C, Pickard AL, Wernsdorfer WH, Meshnick SR, 2002. Epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. Lancet Infect Dis 2 :209–218.
-
2
Asif SA, 2008. Departmental audit of malaria control programme 2001–2005 North West Frontier Province (NWFP). J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 20 :98–102.
-
3
Barnadas C, Ratsimbasoa A, Tichit M, Bouchier C, Jahevitra M, Picot S, Menard D, 2008. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in Madagascar: clinical efficacy and polymorphisms in pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52 :4233–4240.
-
4
Rungsihirunrat K, Chaijareonkul W, Seugorn A, Na-Bangchang K, Thaithong S, 2009. Association between chloroquine resistance phenotypes and point mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thailand. Acta Trop 109 :37–40.
-
5
Rungsihirunrat K, Sibley CH, Mungthin M, Na-Bangchang K, 2008. Geographical distribution of amino acid mutations in Plasmodium vivax DHFR and DHPS from malaria endemic areas of Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78 :462–467.
-
6
Alam MT, Bora H, Bharti PK, Saifi MA, Das MK, Dev V, Kumar A, Singh N, Dash AP, Das B, Wajihullah, Sharma YD, 2007. Similar trends of pyrimethamine resistance-associated mutations in Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51 :857–863.
-
7
Wikipedia, 2009. Bannu District. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannu_District. Accessed April 14, 2009.
-
8
Bouma MJ, Dye C, van der Kaay HJ, 1996. Falciparum malaria and climate change in the northwest frontier province of Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 55 :131–137.
-
9
Singh B, Bobogare A, Cox-Singh J, Snounou G, Abdullah MS, Rahman HA, 1999. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :687–692.
-
10
CVD, 2009. PCR-ASRA protocols for Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance mutation analysis. Available at: http://medschool.umaryland.edu/CVD/malaria.asp. Accessed April 14, 2009.
-
11
Zakeri S, Motmaen SR, Afsharpad M, Djadid ND, 2009. Molecular characterization of antifolates resistance-associated genes, (dhfr and dhps) in Plasmodium vivax isolates from the Middle East. Malar J 8 :20.
-
12
Hawkins VN, Joshi H, Rungsihirunrat K, Na-Bangchang K, Sibley CH, 2007. Antifolates can have a role in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax. Trends Parasitol 23 :213–222.
-
13
Hallett RL, Dunyo S, Ord R, Jawara M, Pinder M, Randall A, Alloueche A, Walraven G, Targett GA, Alexander N, Sutherland CJ, 2006. Chloroquine/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for Gambian children with malaria: transmission to mosquitoes of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Clin Trials 1 :e15.
-
14
Baliraine FN, Amenya DA, Bonizzoni M, Menge DM, Zhou G, Zhong D, Vardo-Zalik AM, Githeko AK, Yan G, 2009. High prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in a highland area of Western Kenya: a cohort study. J Infect Dis 200 :66–74.
-
15
Menge DM, Ernst KC, Vulule JM, Zimmerman PA, Guo H, John CC, 2008. Microscopy underestimates the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum in symptomatic individuals in a low transmission highland area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79 :173–177.
-
16
Ngasala B, Mubi M, Warsame M, Petzold MG, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL, Tomson G, Premji Z, Bjorkman A, 2008. Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial. Malar J 7 :199.
-
17
Garcia LS, 2007. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
-
18
Bell DR, Wilson DW, Martin LB, 2005. False-positive results of a Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2-detecting malaria rapid diagnostic test due to high sensitivity in a community with fluctuating low parasite density. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :199–203.
-
19
Mason DP, McKenzie FE, 1999. Blood-stage dynamics and clinical implications of mixed Plasmodium vivax-Plasmodium falciparum infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :367–374.
-
20
de Oliveira AM, Skarbinski J, Ouma PO, Kariuki S, Barnwell JW, Otieno K, Onyona P, Causer LM, Laserson KF, Akhwale WS, Slutsker L, Hamel M, 2009. Performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as part of routine malaria case management in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :470–474.
-
21
Hopkins H, Bebell L, Kambale W, Dokomajilar C, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, 2008. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria at sites of varying transmission intensity in Uganda. J Infect Dis 197 :510–518.
-
22
Hastings MD, Porter KM, Maguire JD, Susanti I, Kania W, Bangs MJ, Sibley CH, Baird JK, 2004. Dihydrofolate reductase mutations in Plasmodium vivax from Indonesia and therapeutic response to sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. J Infect Dis 189 :744–750.
-
23
Imwong M, Pukrittayakamee S, Cheng Q, Moore C, Looareesuwan S, Snounou G, White NJ, Day NP, 2005. Limited polymorphism in the dihydropteroate synthetase gene (dhps) of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49 :4393–4395.
-
24
Leslie T, Mayan MI, Hasan MA, Safi MH, Klinkenberg E, Whitty CJ, Rowland M, 2007. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, chlorproguanil-dapsone, or chloroquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 297 :2201–2209.
-
25
Wang P, Lee CS, Bayoumi R, Djimde A, Doumbo O, Swedberg G, Dao LD, Mshinda H, Tanner M, Watkins WM, Sims PF, Hyde JE, 1997. Resistance to antifolates in Plasmodium falciparum monitored by sequence analysis of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase alleles in a large number of field samples of diverse origins. Mol Biochem Parasitol 89 :161–177.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 564 | 470 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 757 | 2 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 74 | 2 | 0 |