Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

N. Esther Babady Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

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Lynne M. Sloan Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

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Jon E. Rosenblatt Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

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Bobbi S. Pritt Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

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We previously developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection of the four Plasmodium species that infect humans. Recent studies have shown that natural transmission of the simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi to humans occurs frequently in Southeast Asia. We have expanded our PCR assay to include detection of P. knowlesi.

Author Notes

  • 1

    Cox-Singh J, Davis TM, Lee KS, Shamsul SS, Matusop A, Ratnam S, Rahman HA, Conway DJ, Singh B, 2008. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. Clin Infect Dis 46 :165–171.

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  • 2

    Singh B, Kim Sung L, Matusop A, Radhakrishnan A, Shamsul SS, Cox-Singh J, Thomas A, Conway DJ, 2004. A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. Lancet 363 :1017–1024.

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  • 3

    White NJ, 2008. Plasmodium knowlesi: the fifth human malaria parasite. Clin Infect Dis 46 :172–173.

  • 4

    Swan H, Sloan L, Muyombwe A, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P, Krudsood S, Leowattana W, Wilairatana P, Looareesuwan S, Rosenblatt J, 2005. Evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of malaria in patients from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :850–854.

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  • 5

    Fong YL, Cadigan FC, Coatney GR, 1971. A presumptive case of naturally occurring Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in man in Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 65 :839–840.

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  • 6

    Jongwutiwes S, Putaporntip C, Iwasaki T, Sata T, Kanbara H, 2004. Naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2211–2213.

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  • 7

    Luchavez J, Espino F, Curameng P, Espina R, Bell D, Chiodini P, Nolder D, Sutherland C, Lee KS, Singh B, 2008. Human Infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, the Philippines. Emerg Infect Dis 14 :811–813.

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  • 8

    Ng OT, Ooi EE, Lee CC, Lee PJ, Ng LC, Pei SW, Tu TM, Loh JP, Leo YS, 2008. Naturally acquired human Plasmodium knowlesi infection, Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis 14 :814–816.

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  • 9

    Vythilingam I, Tan CH, Asmad M, Chan ST, Lee KS, Singh B, 2006. Natural transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to humans by Anopheles latens in Sarawak, Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100 :1087–1088.

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  • 10

    Gushulak BD, MacPherson DW, 2004. Globalization of infectious diseases: the impact of migration. Clin Infect Dis 38 :1742–1748.

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