Fedson DS, Scott JA, 1999. The burden of pneumococcal disease among adults in developed and developing countries: what is and is not known. Vaccine 17 (Suppl 1):S11–S18.
Saez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr, 2003. Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet 361 :2139–2148.
van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF, 2006. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med 354 :44–53.
Tikhomirov E, Santamaria M, Esteves K, 1997. Meningococcal disease: public health burden and control. World Health Stat Q 50 :170–177.
Feikin DR, Nelson CB, Watt JP, Mohsni E, Wenger JD, Levine OS, 2004. Rapid assessment tool for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1270–1276.
Hausdorff WP, 2002. Invasive pneumococcal disease in children: geographic and temporal variations in incidence and serotype distribution. Eur J Pediatr 161 (Suppl 2):S135–S139.
Stephens DS, Greenwood B, Brandtzaeg P, 2007. Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidis. Lancet 369 :2196–2210.
Kennedy WA, Chang SJ, Purdy K, Le T, Kilgore PE, Kim JS, Anh DD, Huong PL, Dong BQ, Tan DM, Clemens JD, Ward JI, 2007. Incidence of bacterial meningitis in Asia using enhanced CSF testing: polymerase chain reaction, latex agglutination and culture. Epidemiol Infect 135 :1217–1226.
Hsu VP, Hossain MJ, Parashar UD, Ali MM, Ksiazek TG, Kuzmin I, Niezgoda M, Rupprecht C, Bresee J, Breiman RF, 2004. Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2082–2087.
Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA, 2003. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Am Fam Physician 68 :1103–1108.
Mothershed EA, Sacchi CT, Whitney AM, Barnett GA, Ajello GW, Schmink S, Mayer LW, Phelan M, Taylor TH Jr, Bernhardt SA, Rosenstein NE, Popovic T, 2004. Use of real-time PCR to resolve slide agglutination discrepancies in serogroup identification of Neisseria meningitidis. J Clin Microbiol 42 :320–328.
Stackebrandt E, Charfreitag O, 1990. Partial 16S rRNA primary structure of five Actinomyces species: phylogenetic implications and development of an Actinomyces israelii-specific oligonucleotide probe. J Gen Microbiol 136 :37–43.
Carvalho MG, Tondella ML, McCaustland K, Weidlich L, McGee L, Mayer LW, Steigerwalt A, Whaley M, Facklam RR, Fields B, Carlone G, Ades EW, Dagan R, Sampson JS, 2007. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol 45 :2460–2466.
Efroymson D, Ahmed S, Townsend J, Alam SM, Dey AR, Saha R, Dhar B, Sujon AI, Ahmed KU, Rahman O, 2001. Hungry for tobacco: an analysis of the economic impact of tobacco consumption on the poor in Bangladesh. Tob Control 10 :212–217.
Ahmed S, Sobhan F, Islam A, Barkat EK, 2001. Neonatal morbidity and care-seeking behaviour in rural Bangladesh. J Trop Pediatr 47 :98–105.
Ahmed SM, Adams AM, Chowdhury M, Bhuiya A, 2000. Gender, socioeconomic development and health-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 51 :361–371.
Hossain MA, Ahmed D, Ahmed T, Islam N, Breiman RF, 2009. Increasing isolations of Neisseria meningitides serogroup A from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1999–2006. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :615–618.
Manchanda V, Gupta S, Bhalla P, 2006. Meningococcal disease: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, antimicrobial susceptibility and prevention. Indian J Med Microbiol 24 :7–19.
Nair D, Dawar R, Deb M, Capoor MR, Singal S, Upadhayay DJ, Aggarwal P, Das B, Samantaray JC, 2009. Outbreak of meningococcal disease in and around New Delhi, India, 2005–2006: a report from a tertiary care hospital. Epidemiol Infect 137 :570–576.
Boisier P, Mainassara HB, Sidikou F, Djibo S, Kairo KK, Chanteau S, 2007. Case-fatality ratio of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt: we can do better. Vaccine 26 :A24–A29.
Parent du Chatelet I, Traore Y, Gessner BD, Antignac A, Naccro B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Ouedraogo MS, Tiendrebeogo SR, Varon E, Taha MK, 2005. Bacterial meningitis in Burkina Faso: surveillance using field-based polymerase chain reaction testing. Clin Infect Dis 40 :17–25.
Brooks WA, Breiman RF, Goswami D, Hossain A, Alam K, Saha SK, Nahar K, Nasrin D, Ahmed N, El Arifeen S, Naheed A, Sack DA, Luby S, 2007. Invasive pneumococcal disease burden and implications for vaccine policy in urban Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :795–801.
Saha SK, Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, Ruhulamin M, Hanif M, El Arifeen S, Santosham M, Oishi K, Nagatake T, Black RE, 2003. Comparison of antibiotic resistance and serotype composition of carriage and invasive pneumococci among Bangladeshi children: implications for treatment policy and vaccine formulation. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5582–5587.
Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Feldman C, 2007. HIV and pneumococcal disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis 20 :11–15.
Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Gelling L, Kool JL, Reingold AL, Vugia DJ, 2000. Epidemiologic relation between HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease in San Francisco County, California. Ann Intern Med 132 :182–190.
ICDDR,B, 2005. HIV surveillance in Bangladesh: the present scenario. Health and Science Bulletin: ICDDR,B. Available at: www.icddrb.org/hsb. Accessed March 15, 2009.
Azim T, Bogaerts J, Yirrell DL, Banerjea AC, Sarker MS, Ahmed G, Amin MM, Rahman AS, Hussain AM, 2002. Injecting drug users in Bangladesh: prevalence of syphilis, hepatitis, HIV and HIV subtypes. AIDS 16 :121–123.
Hoogman M, van de Beek D, Weisfelt M, de Gans J, Schmand B, 2007. Cognitive outcome in adults after bacterial meningitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78 :1092–1096.
Saha SK, Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, Ruhulamin M, Hanif M, El Arifeen S, Oishi K, Santosham M, Nagatake T, Black RE, 2005. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases in Bangladesh, with increased resistance to antibiotics. J Pediatr 146 :227–233.
Sahai S, Mahadevan S, Srinivasan S, Kanungo R, 2001. Childhood bacterial meningitis in Pondicherry, south India. Indian J Pediatr 68 :839–841.
Invasive Bacterial Infections Surveillance (IBIS) Group of the International Clinical Epidemiology Network, 2002. Are Haemophilus influenzae infections a significant problem in India? A prospective study and review. Clin Infect Dis 34 :949–957.
Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS Jr, Swartz MN, 1993. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. N Engl J Med 328 :21–28.
Husain E, Chawla R, Dobson S, Dele Davies H, 2006. Epidemiology and outcome of bacterial meningitis in Canadian children: 1998–1999. Clin Invest Med 29 :131–135.
Baqui AH, El Arifeen S, Saha SK, Persson L, Zaman K, Gessner BD, Moulton LH, Black RE, Santosham M, 2007. Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children: a case-control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26 :565–571.
Shoma S, Rahman M, Yasmin M, 2001. Rapid detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in Bangladeshi children with pneumonia and meningitis by PCR and analysis of antimicrobial resistance. J Health Popul Nutr 19 :268–274.
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We conducted a study at four hospitals from June 2003 to July 2005 to investigate the etiologies of bacterial meningitis in Bangladesh. A total of 2,609 patients met the clinical case definition, and 766 had cerebrospinal fluid tested by at least one of the following methods: latex agglutination, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, or real-time polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria meningitidis A and C, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib); culture results were noted from patient records. In total, 189 patients (24%) of those tested, representing all age groups, were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis; 136 (18%) had meningococcal, 23 (3%) had pneumococcal, and 25 (3%) had Hib infection. Twenty percent of patients with Hib meningitis (5/25) were > 15 years old. Case-fatality ratios were 10% for N. meningitidis, 22% for S. pneumoniae, and 24% for Hib. Bacterial meningitis from vaccine-preventable pathogens causes significant morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh in adults and children.
Fedson DS, Scott JA, 1999. The burden of pneumococcal disease among adults in developed and developing countries: what is and is not known. Vaccine 17 (Suppl 1):S11–S18.
Saez-Llorens X, McCracken GH Jr, 2003. Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet 361 :2139–2148.
van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EF, 2006. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med 354 :44–53.
Tikhomirov E, Santamaria M, Esteves K, 1997. Meningococcal disease: public health burden and control. World Health Stat Q 50 :170–177.
Feikin DR, Nelson CB, Watt JP, Mohsni E, Wenger JD, Levine OS, 2004. Rapid assessment tool for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in developing countries. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1270–1276.
Hausdorff WP, 2002. Invasive pneumococcal disease in children: geographic and temporal variations in incidence and serotype distribution. Eur J Pediatr 161 (Suppl 2):S135–S139.
Stephens DS, Greenwood B, Brandtzaeg P, 2007. Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidis. Lancet 369 :2196–2210.
Kennedy WA, Chang SJ, Purdy K, Le T, Kilgore PE, Kim JS, Anh DD, Huong PL, Dong BQ, Tan DM, Clemens JD, Ward JI, 2007. Incidence of bacterial meningitis in Asia using enhanced CSF testing: polymerase chain reaction, latex agglutination and culture. Epidemiol Infect 135 :1217–1226.
Hsu VP, Hossain MJ, Parashar UD, Ali MM, Ksiazek TG, Kuzmin I, Niezgoda M, Rupprecht C, Bresee J, Breiman RF, 2004. Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2082–2087.
Seehusen DA, Reeves MM, Fomin DA, 2003. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Am Fam Physician 68 :1103–1108.
Mothershed EA, Sacchi CT, Whitney AM, Barnett GA, Ajello GW, Schmink S, Mayer LW, Phelan M, Taylor TH Jr, Bernhardt SA, Rosenstein NE, Popovic T, 2004. Use of real-time PCR to resolve slide agglutination discrepancies in serogroup identification of Neisseria meningitidis. J Clin Microbiol 42 :320–328.
Stackebrandt E, Charfreitag O, 1990. Partial 16S rRNA primary structure of five Actinomyces species: phylogenetic implications and development of an Actinomyces israelii-specific oligonucleotide probe. J Gen Microbiol 136 :37–43.
Carvalho MG, Tondella ML, McCaustland K, Weidlich L, McGee L, Mayer LW, Steigerwalt A, Whaley M, Facklam RR, Fields B, Carlone G, Ades EW, Dagan R, Sampson JS, 2007. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol 45 :2460–2466.
Efroymson D, Ahmed S, Townsend J, Alam SM, Dey AR, Saha R, Dhar B, Sujon AI, Ahmed KU, Rahman O, 2001. Hungry for tobacco: an analysis of the economic impact of tobacco consumption on the poor in Bangladesh. Tob Control 10 :212–217.
Ahmed S, Sobhan F, Islam A, Barkat EK, 2001. Neonatal morbidity and care-seeking behaviour in rural Bangladesh. J Trop Pediatr 47 :98–105.
Ahmed SM, Adams AM, Chowdhury M, Bhuiya A, 2000. Gender, socioeconomic development and health-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 51 :361–371.
Hossain MA, Ahmed D, Ahmed T, Islam N, Breiman RF, 2009. Increasing isolations of Neisseria meningitides serogroup A from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1999–2006. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80 :615–618.
Manchanda V, Gupta S, Bhalla P, 2006. Meningococcal disease: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, antimicrobial susceptibility and prevention. Indian J Med Microbiol 24 :7–19.
Nair D, Dawar R, Deb M, Capoor MR, Singal S, Upadhayay DJ, Aggarwal P, Das B, Samantaray JC, 2009. Outbreak of meningococcal disease in and around New Delhi, India, 2005–2006: a report from a tertiary care hospital. Epidemiol Infect 137 :570–576.
Boisier P, Mainassara HB, Sidikou F, Djibo S, Kairo KK, Chanteau S, 2007. Case-fatality ratio of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt: we can do better. Vaccine 26 :A24–A29.
Parent du Chatelet I, Traore Y, Gessner BD, Antignac A, Naccro B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Ouedraogo MS, Tiendrebeogo SR, Varon E, Taha MK, 2005. Bacterial meningitis in Burkina Faso: surveillance using field-based polymerase chain reaction testing. Clin Infect Dis 40 :17–25.
Brooks WA, Breiman RF, Goswami D, Hossain A, Alam K, Saha SK, Nahar K, Nasrin D, Ahmed N, El Arifeen S, Naheed A, Sack DA, Luby S, 2007. Invasive pneumococcal disease burden and implications for vaccine policy in urban Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77 :795–801.
Saha SK, Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, Ruhulamin M, Hanif M, El Arifeen S, Santosham M, Oishi K, Nagatake T, Black RE, 2003. Comparison of antibiotic resistance and serotype composition of carriage and invasive pneumococci among Bangladeshi children: implications for treatment policy and vaccine formulation. J Clin Microbiol 41 :5582–5587.
Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Feldman C, 2007. HIV and pneumococcal disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis 20 :11–15.
Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Gelling L, Kool JL, Reingold AL, Vugia DJ, 2000. Epidemiologic relation between HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease in San Francisco County, California. Ann Intern Med 132 :182–190.
ICDDR,B, 2005. HIV surveillance in Bangladesh: the present scenario. Health and Science Bulletin: ICDDR,B. Available at: www.icddrb.org/hsb. Accessed March 15, 2009.
Azim T, Bogaerts J, Yirrell DL, Banerjea AC, Sarker MS, Ahmed G, Amin MM, Rahman AS, Hussain AM, 2002. Injecting drug users in Bangladesh: prevalence of syphilis, hepatitis, HIV and HIV subtypes. AIDS 16 :121–123.
Hoogman M, van de Beek D, Weisfelt M, de Gans J, Schmand B, 2007. Cognitive outcome in adults after bacterial meningitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78 :1092–1096.
Saha SK, Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, Ruhulamin M, Hanif M, El Arifeen S, Oishi K, Santosham M, Nagatake T, Black RE, 2005. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases in Bangladesh, with increased resistance to antibiotics. J Pediatr 146 :227–233.
Sahai S, Mahadevan S, Srinivasan S, Kanungo R, 2001. Childhood bacterial meningitis in Pondicherry, south India. Indian J Pediatr 68 :839–841.
Invasive Bacterial Infections Surveillance (IBIS) Group of the International Clinical Epidemiology Network, 2002. Are Haemophilus influenzae infections a significant problem in India? A prospective study and review. Clin Infect Dis 34 :949–957.
Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS Jr, Swartz MN, 1993. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes. N Engl J Med 328 :21–28.
Husain E, Chawla R, Dobson S, Dele Davies H, 2006. Epidemiology and outcome of bacterial meningitis in Canadian children: 1998–1999. Clin Invest Med 29 :131–135.
Baqui AH, El Arifeen S, Saha SK, Persson L, Zaman K, Gessner BD, Moulton LH, Black RE, Santosham M, 2007. Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine on prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Bangladeshi children: a case-control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 26 :565–571.
Shoma S, Rahman M, Yasmin M, 2001. Rapid detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b in Bangladeshi children with pneumonia and meningitis by PCR and analysis of antimicrobial resistance. J Health Popul Nutr 19 :268–274.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 2655 | 2511 | 50 |
Full Text Views | 324 | 11 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 116 | 8 | 0 |