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1
Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Goldsmith CS, Nolte KB, Foucar K, Feddersen RM, Zumwalt RE, Miller GL, Khan AS, 1995. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease. Am J Pathol 146 :552–579.
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2
Schmaljohn C, Hjelle B, 1997. Hantaviruses: a global disease problem. Emerg Infect Dis 3 :95–104.
-
3
Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Feldmann H, Sanchez A, Childs J, Zaki S, Peters CJ, 1993. Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science 262 :914–917.
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4
Johnson AM, Bowen MD, Ksiazek TG, Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, Peters CJ, Nichol ST, 1997. Laguna negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia. Virology 238 :115–127.
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5
Padula PJ, Colavecchia SB, Martinez VP, Gonzalez Della Valle MO, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, Russi J, Riquelme JM, Colucci N, Almiron M, Rabinovich RD, 2000. Genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in South America. J Clin Microbiol 38 :3029–3035.
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6
Suzuki A, Bisordi I, Levis S, Garcia J, Pereira LE, Souza RP, Sugahara TK, Pini N, Enria D, Souza LT, 2004. Identifying rodent hantavirus reservoirs, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2127–2134.
-
7
Padula P, Figueroa R, Navarrete M, Pizarro E, Cadiz R, Bellomo C, Jofre C, Zaror L, Rodriguez E, Murua R, 2004. Transmission study of Andes hantavirus infection in wild sigmodontine rodents. J Virol 78 :11972–11979.
-
8
Botten J, Mirowsky K, Ye C, Gottlieb K, Saavedra M, Ponce L, Hjelle B, 2002. Shedding and intracage transmission of Sin Nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) model. J Virol 76 :7587–7594.
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9
Safronetz D, Drebot MA, Artsob H, Cote T, Makowski K, Lindsay LR, 2008. Sin Nombre virus shedding patterns in naturally infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in relation to duration of infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :97–100.
-
10
Chaparro J, Vega J, Terry W, Vera JL, Barra B, Meyer R, Peters CJ, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, 1998. Assessment of person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a Chilean hospital setting. J Hosp Infect 40 :281–285.
-
11
Padula PJ, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, Lopez NM, Rossi CM, Rabinovich RD, 1998. Epidemic outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina: molecular evidence of person to person transmission of Andes virus. Medicina (B Aires) 58 (Suppl 1):27–36.
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12
Armstrong LR, Zaki SR, Goldoft MJ, Todd RL, Khan AS, Khabbaz RF, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, 1995. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome associated with entering or cleaning rarely used, rodent-infested structures. J Infect Dis 172 :1166.
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13
Douglass RJ, Kuenzi AJ, Williams CY, Douglass SJ, Mills JN, 2003. Removing deer mice from buildings and the risk for human exposure to Sin Nombre virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :390–392.
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14
Kuenzi AJ, Douglass RJ, Bond CW, 2000. Sin Nombre virus in deer mice captured inside homes, southwestern Montana. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :386–388.
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15
Fulhorst CF, Milazzo ML, Armstrong LR, Childs JE, Rollin PE, Khabbaz R, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG, 2007. Hantavirus and arena-virus antibodies in persons with occupational rodent exposure. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :532–538.
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16
Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Ellis BA, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Yates TL, Gannon WL, Levy CE, Engelthaler DM, Davis T, Tanda DT, Frampton JW, Nichols CR, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1997. Patterns of association with host and habitat: antibody reactive with Sin Nombre virus in small mammals in the major biotic communities of the southwestern United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :273–284.
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17
Mills JN, Childs JE, 1998. Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: their relevance for human health. Emerg Infect Dis 4 :529–537.
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18
Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1999. Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: a synthesis. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :135–142.
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19
Glass GE, Shields T, Cai B, Yates TL, Parmenter R, 2007. Persistently highest risk areas for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: potential sites for refugia. Ecol Appl 17 :129–139.
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20
Yahnke CJ, Meserve PL, Ksiazek TG, Mills JN, 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :768–776.
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21
Vincent MJ, Quiroz E, Gracia F, Sanchez AJ, Ksiazek TG, Kitsutani PT, Ruedas LA, Tinnin DS, Caceres L, Garcia A, Rollin PE, Mills JN, Peters CJ, Nichol ST, 2000. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Panama: identification of novel hantaviruses and their likely reservoirs. Virology 277 :14–19.
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22
Bayard V, Kitsutani PT, Barria EO, Ruedas LA, Tinnin DS, Munoz C, de Mosca IB, Guerrero G, Kant R, Garcia A, Caceres L, Gracio FG, Quiroz E, de Castillo Z, Armien B, Libel M, Mills JN, Khan AS, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, 2004. Outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999–2000. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1635–1642.
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23
Ruedas LA, Salazar-Bravo J, Tinnin DS, Armien B, Caceres L, Garcia A, Diaz MA, Gracia F, Suzan G, Peters CJ, Yates TL, Mills JN, 2004. Community ecology of small mammal populations in Panama following an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. J Vector Ecol 29 :177–191.
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24
Salazar-Bravo J, Armien B, Suzan G, Armien A, Ruedas LA, Avila M, Zaldivar Y, Pascale JM, Gracia F, Yates TL, 2004. Serosurvey of wild rodents for hantaviruses in Panama, 2000–2002. J Wildl Dis 40 :103–109.
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25
Suzan G, Giermakowski JT, Marce E, Suzan-Azpiri H, Armien B, Yates TL, 2006. Modeling hantavirus reservoir species dominance in high seroprevalence areas on the Azuero Peninsula of Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :1103–1110.
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26
Armien B, Pascale JM, Bayard V, Munoz C, Mosca I, Guerrero G, Armien A, Quiroz E, Castillo Z, Zaldivar Y, Gracia F, Hjelle B, Koster F, 2004. High seroprevalence of hantavirus infection on the Azuero Peninsula of Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :682–687.
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27
Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, Palma RE, Vera I, De Velasquez F, Baez E, Schmidt WE, Figueroa RE, Peters CJ, Zaki SR, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, 1997. An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :274–282.
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28
Calderon G, Pini N, Bolpe J, Levis S, Mills J, Segura E, Guthmann N, Cantoni G, Becker J, Fonollat A, Ripoll C, Bortman M, Benedetti R, Enria D, 1999. Hantavirus reservoir hosts associated with peridomestic habitats in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :792–797.
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29
Torres-Perez F, Navarrete-Droguett J, Aldunate R, Yates TL, Mertz GJ, Vial PA, Ferres M, Marquet PA, Palma RE, 2004. Peridomestic small mammals associated with confirmed cases of human hantavirus disease in southcentral Chile. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :305–309.
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30
Carroll DS, Mills JN, Montgomery JM, Bausch DG, Blair PJ, Burans JP, Felices V, Gianella A, Iihoshi N, Nichol ST, Olson JG, Rogers DS, Salazar M, Ksiazek TG, 2005. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in central bolivia: relationships between reservoir hosts, habitats, and viral genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :42–46.
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31
Wood S, Sebastian K, Sherr SJ, 2000. Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Agroecosystems. A Joint Study by the International Food Policy Research Institute and the World Resources Institute. Washington, DC: International Food Research Policy Institute.
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32
Mills JN, Yates T, Childs JE, Parmenter RR, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Peters CJ, 1995. Guidelines for working with rodents potentially infected with hantavirus. J Mammalogy 76 :716–722.
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33
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Reid FA, 1997. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Mills JN, Johnson JM, Ksiazek TG, Ellis BA, Rollin PE, Yates TL, Mann MO, Johnson MR, Campbell ML, Miyashiro J, Patrick M, Zyzak M, Lavender D, Novak MG, Schmidt K, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1998. A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States national parks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :525–532.
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37
Mills JN, Schmidt K, Ellis BA, Calderon G, Enria DA, Ksiazek TG, 2007. A longitudinal study of hantavirus infection in three sympatric reservoir species in agroecosystems on the Argentine pampa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :229–240.
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McIntyre NE, Chu YK, Owen RD, Abuzeineh A, De la Sancha N, Dick CW, Holsomback T, Nisbett RA, Jonsson C, 2005. A longitudinal study of Bayou virus, hosts, and habitat. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :1043–1049.
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Escutenaire S, Chalon P, De Jaegere F, Karelle-Bui L, Mees G, Brochier B, Rozenfeld F, Pastoret PP, 2002. Behavioral, physiologic, and habitat influences on the dynamics of Puumala virus infection in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Emerg Infect Dis 8 :930–936.
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Kuenzi AJ, Douglass RJ, White D Jr, Bond CW, Mills JN, 2001. Antibody to Sin Nombre virus in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central Montana. Am Trop Med Hyg 64 :137–146.
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Hantavirus Infection and Habitat Associations among Rodent Populations in Agroecosystems of Panama: Implications for Human Disease Risk
Aníbal G. Armién
Aníbal G. Armién
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Blas Armién
Blas Armién
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Frederick Koster
Frederick Koster
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Juan M. Pascale
Juan M. Pascale
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Mario Avila
Mario Avila
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Publio Gonzalez
Publio Gonzalez
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Manuel de la Cruz
Manuel de la Cruz
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Yamitzel Zaldivar
Yamitzel Zaldivar
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Yaxelis Mendoza
Yaxelis Mendoza
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Fernando Gracia
Fernando Gracia
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Brian Hjelle
Brian Hjelle
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Sang-Joon Lee
Sang-Joon Lee
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Terry L. Yates
Terry L. Yates
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Jorge Salazar-Bravo
Jorge Salazar-Bravo
Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama; Ministry of Health, Herrera Province, Panama; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Center for Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which is caused by infection with Choclo virus, is uncommon in Panama, yet seropositivity among rural residents is as high as 60%. To clarify the environmental risk factors favoring rodent-to-human transmission, we tested serum from 3,067 rodents captured over a five-year period for antibodies against recombinant N protein of hantavirus by enzyme immunoassay and strip immunoblot. Among 220 seropositive rodents, Oligoryzomys fulvescens, the reservoir of Choclo virus, had the highest overall seroprevalence (23.5%); more abundant rodents (Zygodontomys brevicauda and Sigmodon hirsutus) had lower seroprevalences. In the mixed (combined modern and traditional) productive agroecosystem, the highest seroprevalence was among O. fulvescens captured in residences and in crops grown within 40 meters of a residence, with significantly lower seroprevalence in adjacent pasture and non-productive vegetation. Thus, crop habitats may serve as refugia for invasion into adjacent human residences and suggests several interventions to reduce human infection.
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BibTeX
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-
1
Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, Goldsmith CS, Nolte KB, Foucar K, Feddersen RM, Zumwalt RE, Miller GL, Khan AS, 1995. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease. Am J Pathol 146 :552–579.
-
2
Schmaljohn C, Hjelle B, 1997. Hantaviruses: a global disease problem. Emerg Infect Dis 3 :95–104.
-
3
Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Feldmann H, Sanchez A, Childs J, Zaki S, Peters CJ, 1993. Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science 262 :914–917.
-
4
Johnson AM, Bowen MD, Ksiazek TG, Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, Peters CJ, Nichol ST, 1997. Laguna negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia. Virology 238 :115–127.
-
5
Padula PJ, Colavecchia SB, Martinez VP, Gonzalez Della Valle MO, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, Russi J, Riquelme JM, Colucci N, Almiron M, Rabinovich RD, 2000. Genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in South America. J Clin Microbiol 38 :3029–3035.
-
6
Suzuki A, Bisordi I, Levis S, Garcia J, Pereira LE, Souza RP, Sugahara TK, Pini N, Enria D, Souza LT, 2004. Identifying rodent hantavirus reservoirs, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :2127–2134.
-
7
Padula P, Figueroa R, Navarrete M, Pizarro E, Cadiz R, Bellomo C, Jofre C, Zaror L, Rodriguez E, Murua R, 2004. Transmission study of Andes hantavirus infection in wild sigmodontine rodents. J Virol 78 :11972–11979.
-
8
Botten J, Mirowsky K, Ye C, Gottlieb K, Saavedra M, Ponce L, Hjelle B, 2002. Shedding and intracage transmission of Sin Nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) model. J Virol 76 :7587–7594.
-
9
Safronetz D, Drebot MA, Artsob H, Cote T, Makowski K, Lindsay LR, 2008. Sin Nombre virus shedding patterns in naturally infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in relation to duration of infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 :97–100.
-
10
Chaparro J, Vega J, Terry W, Vera JL, Barra B, Meyer R, Peters CJ, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, 1998. Assessment of person-to-person transmission of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a Chilean hospital setting. J Hosp Infect 40 :281–285.
-
11
Padula PJ, Edelstein A, Miguel SD, Lopez NM, Rossi CM, Rabinovich RD, 1998. Epidemic outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Argentina: molecular evidence of person to person transmission of Andes virus. Medicina (B Aires) 58 (Suppl 1):27–36.
-
12
Armstrong LR, Zaki SR, Goldoft MJ, Todd RL, Khan AS, Khabbaz RF, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, 1995. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome associated with entering or cleaning rarely used, rodent-infested structures. J Infect Dis 172 :1166.
-
13
Douglass RJ, Kuenzi AJ, Williams CY, Douglass SJ, Mills JN, 2003. Removing deer mice from buildings and the risk for human exposure to Sin Nombre virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :390–392.
-
14
Kuenzi AJ, Douglass RJ, Bond CW, 2000. Sin Nombre virus in deer mice captured inside homes, southwestern Montana. Emerg Infect Dis 6 :386–388.
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15
Fulhorst CF, Milazzo ML, Armstrong LR, Childs JE, Rollin PE, Khabbaz R, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG, 2007. Hantavirus and arena-virus antibodies in persons with occupational rodent exposure. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :532–538.
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16
Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Ellis BA, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Yates TL, Gannon WL, Levy CE, Engelthaler DM, Davis T, Tanda DT, Frampton JW, Nichols CR, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1997. Patterns of association with host and habitat: antibody reactive with Sin Nombre virus in small mammals in the major biotic communities of the southwestern United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56 :273–284.
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17
Mills JN, Childs JE, 1998. Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: their relevance for human health. Emerg Infect Dis 4 :529–537.
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18
Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1999. Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: a synthesis. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :135–142.
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19
Glass GE, Shields T, Cai B, Yates TL, Parmenter R, 2007. Persistently highest risk areas for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: potential sites for refugia. Ecol Appl 17 :129–139.
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20
Yahnke CJ, Meserve PL, Ksiazek TG, Mills JN, 2001. Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :768–776.
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21
Vincent MJ, Quiroz E, Gracia F, Sanchez AJ, Ksiazek TG, Kitsutani PT, Ruedas LA, Tinnin DS, Caceres L, Garcia A, Rollin PE, Mills JN, Peters CJ, Nichol ST, 2000. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Panama: identification of novel hantaviruses and their likely reservoirs. Virology 277 :14–19.
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22
Bayard V, Kitsutani PT, Barria EO, Ruedas LA, Tinnin DS, Munoz C, de Mosca IB, Guerrero G, Kant R, Garcia A, Caceres L, Gracio FG, Quiroz E, de Castillo Z, Armien B, Libel M, Mills JN, Khan AS, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, 2004. Outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Los Santos, Panama, 1999–2000. Emerg Infect Dis 10 :1635–1642.
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23
Ruedas LA, Salazar-Bravo J, Tinnin DS, Armien B, Caceres L, Garcia A, Diaz MA, Gracia F, Suzan G, Peters CJ, Yates TL, Mills JN, 2004. Community ecology of small mammal populations in Panama following an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. J Vector Ecol 29 :177–191.
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24
Salazar-Bravo J, Armien B, Suzan G, Armien A, Ruedas LA, Avila M, Zaldivar Y, Pascale JM, Gracia F, Yates TL, 2004. Serosurvey of wild rodents for hantaviruses in Panama, 2000–2002. J Wildl Dis 40 :103–109.
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25
Suzan G, Giermakowski JT, Marce E, Suzan-Azpiri H, Armien B, Yates TL, 2006. Modeling hantavirus reservoir species dominance in high seroprevalence areas on the Azuero Peninsula of Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :1103–1110.
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26
Armien B, Pascale JM, Bayard V, Munoz C, Mosca I, Guerrero G, Armien A, Quiroz E, Castillo Z, Zaldivar Y, Gracia F, Hjelle B, Koster F, 2004. High seroprevalence of hantavirus infection on the Azuero Peninsula of Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :682–687.
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27
Williams RJ, Bryan RT, Mills JN, Palma RE, Vera I, De Velasquez F, Baez E, Schmidt WE, Figueroa RE, Peters CJ, Zaki SR, Khan AS, Ksiazek TG, 1997. An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57 :274–282.
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28
Calderon G, Pini N, Bolpe J, Levis S, Mills J, Segura E, Guthmann N, Cantoni G, Becker J, Fonollat A, Ripoll C, Bortman M, Benedetti R, Enria D, 1999. Hantavirus reservoir hosts associated with peridomestic habitats in Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 5 :792–797.
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29
Torres-Perez F, Navarrete-Droguett J, Aldunate R, Yates TL, Mertz GJ, Vial PA, Ferres M, Marquet PA, Palma RE, 2004. Peridomestic small mammals associated with confirmed cases of human hantavirus disease in southcentral Chile. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :305–309.
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30
Carroll DS, Mills JN, Montgomery JM, Bausch DG, Blair PJ, Burans JP, Felices V, Gianella A, Iihoshi N, Nichol ST, Olson JG, Rogers DS, Salazar M, Ksiazek TG, 2005. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in central bolivia: relationships between reservoir hosts, habitats, and viral genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 :42–46.
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31
Wood S, Sebastian K, Sherr SJ, 2000. Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Agroecosystems. A Joint Study by the International Food Policy Research Institute and the World Resources Institute. Washington, DC: International Food Research Policy Institute.
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32
Mills JN, Yates T, Childs JE, Parmenter RR, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Peters CJ, 1995. Guidelines for working with rodents potentially infected with hantavirus. J Mammalogy 76 :716–722.
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33
Mendez E, 1993. Los Roedores de Panama. Panama: Impresora Pacifico, S.A.
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34
Reid FA, 1997. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.
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35
Hjelle B, Jenison S, Torrez-Martinez N, Herring B, Quan S, Polito A, Pichuantes S, Yamada T, Morris C, Elgh F, Lee HW, Artsob H, Dinello R, 1997. Rapid and specific detection of Sin Nombre virus antibodies in patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome by a strip immunoblot assay suitable for field diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 35 :600–608.
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36
Mills JN, Johnson JM, Ksiazek TG, Ellis BA, Rollin PE, Yates TL, Mann MO, Johnson MR, Campbell ML, Miyashiro J, Patrick M, Zyzak M, Lavender D, Novak MG, Schmidt K, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1998. A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States national parks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58 :525–532.
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37
Mills JN, Schmidt K, Ellis BA, Calderon G, Enria DA, Ksiazek TG, 2007. A longitudinal study of hantavirus infection in three sympatric reservoir species in agroecosystems on the Argentine pampa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :229–240.
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38
Pini N, Levis S, Calderon G, Ramirez J, Bravo D, Lozano E, Ripoll C, St Jeor S, Ksiazek TG, Barquez RM, Enria D, 2003. Hantavirus infection in humans and rodents, northwestern Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 9 :1070–1076.
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39
Calisher CH, Wagoner KD, Amman BR, Root JJ, Douglass RJ, Kuenzi AJ, Abbott KD, Parmenter C, Yates TL, Ksiazek TG, Beaty BJ, Mills JN, 2007. Demographic factors associated with prevalence of antibody to Sin Nombre virus in deer mice in the western United States. J Wildl Dis 43 :1–11.
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40
McIntyre NE, Chu YK, Owen RD, Abuzeineh A, De la Sancha N, Dick CW, Holsomback T, Nisbett RA, Jonsson C, 2005. A longitudinal study of Bayou virus, hosts, and habitat. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :1043–1049.
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41
Madhav NK, Wagoner KD, Douglass RJ, Mills JN, 2007. Delayed density-dependent prevalence of Sin Nombre virus antibody in Montana deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and implications for human disease risk. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 7 :353–364.
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42
Douglass RJ, Calisher CH, Wagoner KD, Mills JN, 2007. Sin Nombre virus infection of deer mice in Montana: characteristics of newly infected mice, incidence, and temporal pattern of infection. J Wildl Dis 43 :12–22.
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43
Suzan G, Armien AG, Mills JN, Marce E, Ceballos G, Avila M, Salazar-Bravo J, Ruedas LA, Armien B, Yates T, 2008. Epidemiological considerations of rodent community composition in fragmented landscapes in Panama. J Mammal 89 :684–690.
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44
Glass GE, Livingstone W, Mills JN, Hlady WG, Fine JB, Biggler W, Coke T, Frazier D, Atherley S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Childs JE, 1998. Black Creek Canal virus infection in Sigmodon hispidus in southern Florida. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :699–703.
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45
Escutenaire S, Chalon P, De Jaegere F, Karelle-Bui L, Mees G, Brochier B, Rozenfeld F, Pastoret PP, 2002. Behavioral, physiologic, and habitat influences on the dynamics of Puumala virus infection in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Emerg Infect Dis 8 :930–936.
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46
Glass GE, Childs JE, Korch GW, LeDuc JW, 1988. Association of intraspecific wounding with hantaviral infection in wild rats (Rattus norvegicus). Epidemiol Infect 101 :459–472.
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47
Hinson ER, Shone SM, Zink MC, Glass GE, Klein SL, 2004. Wounding: the primary mode of Seoul virus transmission among male Norway rats. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :310–317.
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48
Kuenzi AJ, Douglass RJ, White D Jr, Bond CW, Mills JN, 2001. Antibody to Sin Nombre virus in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central Montana. Am Trop Med Hyg 64 :137–146.
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