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Marked Increase in Child Survival after Four Years of Intensive Malaria Control

Immo KleinschmidtLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Christopher SchwabeLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Luis BenaventeLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Miguel TorrezLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Frances C. RidlLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Jose Luis SeguraLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Paul EhmerLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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Gloria Nseng NchamaLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; Malaria Research Programme, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

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In malaria-endemic countries in Africa, a large proportion of child deaths are directly or indirectly attributable to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Four years after high coverage, multiple malaria control interventions were introduced on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, changes in infection with malarial parasites, anemia, and fever history in children were estimated and assessed in relation to changes in all-cause under-5 mortality. There were reductions in prevalence of infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2–0.46), anemia (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.07–0.18), and reported fevers (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22–0.76) in children. Under-5 mortality fell from 152 per 1,000 births (95% CI = 122–186) to 55 per 1,000 (95% CI = 38–77; hazard ratio = 0.34 [95% CI = 0.23–0.49]). Effective malaria control measures can dramatically increase child survival and play a key role in achieving millennium development goals.

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