ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Boncy M, Laroche AC, Liautaud B, Mathurin JR, Pape JW, Pamphile M, Péan V, St-Amand MM, Thomas F, Arnoux E, Elie R, Guérin JM, Laroche AC, Maelbranche R, Pierre G, 1983. Acquired immunodeficiency in Haitians. N Engl J Med 308 :1419–1420.
-
2
Brink A-K, Mahe C, Watera C, Lugada E, Gilks C, Whitworth J, French N, 2002. Diarrhoea, CD4 counts and enteric infections in a community-based cohort of HIV-infected adults in Uganda. J Infect 45 :99–106.
-
3
Carcamo C, Hooton T, Wener MH, Weiss NS, Gilman R, Arevalo J, Carrasco J, Seas, Caballero M, Holmes KK, 2005. Etiologies and manifestations of persistent diarrhea in adults with HIV-1 infection: a case-control study in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis 191 :11–19.
-
4
Dallabetta GA, Miotti PG, 1992. Chronic diarrhoea in AIDS patients in the tropics: a review. Trop Doct 22 :3–9.
-
5
Mwachari CW, Meier AS, Muyodi J, Gatei W, Waiyaki P, Cohen CR, 2003. Chronic diarrhoea in HIV-1-infected adults in Nairobi, Kenya: evaluation of risk factors and the WHO treatment algorithm. AIDS 17 :2124–2126.
-
6
Serwadda D, Mugerwa RD, Sewankambo NK, Lwegaba A, Carswell JW, Kirya GB, Bayley AC, Downing RG, Tedder RS, Clayden SA, 1985. Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection. Lancet 2 :849–852.
-
7
Chakraborty N, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Sarkar RN, Banerjee D, Guha SK, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya SK, 2008. Current trends of opportunistic infections among HIV-seropositive patients from Eastern India. Jpn J Infect Dis 61 :49–53.
-
8
Gupta S, Narang S, Nunavath V, Singh S, 2008. Chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients: prevalence of coccidian parasites. Indian J Med Microbiol 26 :172–175.
-
9
Akolo C, Ukoli CO, Ladep GN, Idoko JA, 2008. The clinical features of HIV/AIDS at presentation at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Niger J Med 17 :83–87.
-
10
Lavy V, 2007. Presenting symptoms and signs in children referred for palliative care in Malawi. Palliat Med 21 :333–339.
-
11
Ferrand RA, Luethy R, Bwakura F, Mujuru H, Miller RF, Corbett EL, 2007. HIV infection presenting in older children and adolescents: a case series from Harare, Zimbabwe. Clin Infect Dis 44 :874–878.
-
12
Weber R, Ledergerber B, Zbinden R, Altwegg M, Pfyffer GE, Spycher MA, Briner J, Kaiser L, Opravil M, Meyenberger C, Flepp M, 1999. Enteric infections and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: prospective community-based cohort study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 159 :1473–1480.
-
13
Lindan CP, Allen S, Serufilira A, Lifson AR, Van de Perre P, Chen-Rundle A, Batungwanayo J, Nsengumuremyi F, Bogaerts J, Hulley S, 1992. Predictors of mortality among HIV-infected women in Kigali, Rwanda. Ann Intern Med 116 :320–328.
-
14
Maggi P, Larocca AM, Quarto M, Serio G, Brandonisio O, Angarano G, Pastore G, 2000. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19 :213–217.
-
15
Carr A, Marriott D, Field A, Vasak E, Cooper DA, 1998. Treatment of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis with combination antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 351 :256–261.
-
16
Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, Schechter M, Boulle A, Miotti P, Wood R, Laurent C, Sprinz E, Seyler C, Bangsberg DR, Balestre E, Sterne JA, May M, Egger M; Antiretriviral Therapy in Lower Incomes Countries (ART-LINC) Collaboration; ART Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) groups, 2006. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet 367 :817–824.
-
17
Ferradini L, Jeannin A, Pinoges L, Izopet J, Odhiambo D, Mankhambo L, Karungi G, Szumilin E, Balandine S, Fedida G, Carrieri MP, Spire B, Ford N, Tassie JM, Guerin PJ, Brasher C, 2006. Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment. Lancet 367 :1335–1342.
-
18
Lawn SD, Myer L, Orrell C, Bekker LG, Wood R, 2005. Early mortality among adults accessing a community-based antiretroviral service in South Africa: implications for programme design. AIDS 19 :2141–2148.
-
19
Lawn SD, Harries AD, Anglaret X, Myer L, Wood R, 2008. Early mortality among adults accessing antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS 22 :1897–1908.
-
20
Coetzee D, Hildebrand K, Boulle A, Maartens G, Louis F, Labatala V, Reuter H, Ntwana N, Goemaere E, 2004. Outcomes after two years of providing antiretroviral treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa. AIDS 18 :887–895.
-
21
Etard JF, Ndiaye I, Thierry-Mieg M, Gueye NF, Gueye PM, Laniece I, Dieng AB, Diouf A, Laurent C, Mboup S, Sow PS, Delaporte E, 2006. Mortality and causes of death in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a 7-year cohort study. AIDS 20 :1181–1189.
-
22
Jerene D, Endale A, Hailu Y, Lindtjorn B, 2006. Predictors of early death in a cohort of Ethiopian patients treated with HAART. BMC Infect Dis 6 :136.
-
23
Brantley RK, Williams KR, Silva TM, Sistrom M, Thielman NM, Ward H, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, 2003. AIDS-associated diarrhea and wasting in northeast Brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum. Braz J Infect Dis 7 :16–22.
-
24
Bushen OY, Davenport JA, Lima AB, Piscitelli SC, Uzgiris AJ, Silva TM, Leite R, Kosek M, Dillingham RA, Girao A, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, 2004. Diarrhea and reduced levels of antiretroviral drugs: improvement with glutamine or alanyl-glutamine in a randomized controlled trial in northeast Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 38 :1764–1770.
-
25
Pinheiro VG, Ramos LM, Monteiro HS, Barroso EC, Bushen OY, Facanha MC, Peloquin CA, Guerrant RL, Lima AA, 2006. Intestinal permeability and malabsorption of rifampin and isoniazid in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 10 :374–379.
-
26
Macnab KA, Gill MJ, Sutherland LR, De Boer Visser N, Church D, 1993. Erratic zidovudine bioavailability in HIV seropositive patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 31 :421–428.
-
27
Murphy B, Taylor C, Crane R, Okong P, Bjarnason I, 1999. Comparison of intestinal function in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients in Kampala and London. Scand J Gastroenterol 34 :491–495.
-
28
Gurumurthy P, Ramachandran G, Kumar A, Rajasekaran S, Padmapriyaarsini C, Swaminathan S, Venkatesan P, Sekar L, Kumar S, Krishnarajasekhar OR, Paramesh P, 2004. Malabsorption of rifampin and isoniazid in HIV-infected patients with and without tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 38 :280–283.
-
29
Paton NI, Sangeetha S, Earnest A, Bellamy R, 2006. The impact of malnutrition on survival and the CD4 count response in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 7 :323–330.
-
30
Severe P, Leger P, Charles M, Noel F, Bonhomme G, Bois G, George E, Kenel-Pierre S, Wright PF, Gulick R, Johnson WD Jr, Pane JW, Fitzgerald DW, 2005. Antiretroviral therapy in a thousand patients with AIDS in Haiti. N Engl J Med 353 :2325–2334.
-
31
Tang AM, Forrester J, Spiegelman D, Knox TA, Tchetgen E, Gorbach SL, 2002. Weight loss and survival in HIV-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31 :230–236.
-
32
DeHovitz JA, Pape JW, Boncy M, Johnson WD Jr, 1986. Clinical manifestations and therapy of Isospora belli infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 315 :87–90.
-
33
Verdier RI, Fitzgerald DW, Johnson WD Jr, Pape JW, 2000. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with ciprofloxacin for treatment and prophylaxis of Isospora belli and Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in HIV-infected patients. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 132 :885–888.
-
34
Pape JW, Liautaud B, Thomas F, Mathurin JR, St Amand MM, Boncy M, Pean V, Pamphile M, Larouche AC, Johnson WD Jr, 1983. Characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. N Engl J Med 309 :945–950.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 867 | 813 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 241 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 57 | 10 | 2 |
High Early Mortality in Patients with Chronic Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Diarrhea Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Haiti: A Case-Control Study
Rebecca A. Dillingham
Rebecca A. Dillingham
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Relana Pinkerton
Relana Pinkerton
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Paul Leger
Paul Leger
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Patrice Severe
Patrice Severe
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Richard L. Guerrant
Richard L. Guerrant
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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J. William Pape
J. William Pape
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Daniel W. Fitzgerald
Daniel W. Fitzgerald
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Groupe Haitien d’Etudes de Sarcome de Kaposi et Infections Opportunistes, Port au Prince, Haiti; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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This case-control study examines whether chronic diarrhea at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects survival of human immunodefiency virus–infected patients. Cases (288) were treatment-naive, non-pregnant, adults with self report of frequent loose stool for > 3 weeks at the time ART was initiated. One-third of patients had an enteric pathogen identified including Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Entamoeba histolytica. Control patients (400) did not have diarrhea when initiating ART. At six weeks, mortality was 10% in the patients with diarrhea and 5% in the patients without diarrhea (P = 0.009). Chronic diarrhea in patients requesting ART in Haiti is associated with increased early mortality.
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-
1
Boncy M, Laroche AC, Liautaud B, Mathurin JR, Pape JW, Pamphile M, Péan V, St-Amand MM, Thomas F, Arnoux E, Elie R, Guérin JM, Laroche AC, Maelbranche R, Pierre G, 1983. Acquired immunodeficiency in Haitians. N Engl J Med 308 :1419–1420.
-
2
Brink A-K, Mahe C, Watera C, Lugada E, Gilks C, Whitworth J, French N, 2002. Diarrhoea, CD4 counts and enteric infections in a community-based cohort of HIV-infected adults in Uganda. J Infect 45 :99–106.
-
3
Carcamo C, Hooton T, Wener MH, Weiss NS, Gilman R, Arevalo J, Carrasco J, Seas, Caballero M, Holmes KK, 2005. Etiologies and manifestations of persistent diarrhea in adults with HIV-1 infection: a case-control study in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis 191 :11–19.
-
4
Dallabetta GA, Miotti PG, 1992. Chronic diarrhoea in AIDS patients in the tropics: a review. Trop Doct 22 :3–9.
-
5
Mwachari CW, Meier AS, Muyodi J, Gatei W, Waiyaki P, Cohen CR, 2003. Chronic diarrhoea in HIV-1-infected adults in Nairobi, Kenya: evaluation of risk factors and the WHO treatment algorithm. AIDS 17 :2124–2126.
-
6
Serwadda D, Mugerwa RD, Sewankambo NK, Lwegaba A, Carswell JW, Kirya GB, Bayley AC, Downing RG, Tedder RS, Clayden SA, 1985. Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection. Lancet 2 :849–852.
-
7
Chakraborty N, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Sarkar RN, Banerjee D, Guha SK, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya SK, 2008. Current trends of opportunistic infections among HIV-seropositive patients from Eastern India. Jpn J Infect Dis 61 :49–53.
-
8
Gupta S, Narang S, Nunavath V, Singh S, 2008. Chronic diarrhoea in HIV patients: prevalence of coccidian parasites. Indian J Med Microbiol 26 :172–175.
-
9
Akolo C, Ukoli CO, Ladep GN, Idoko JA, 2008. The clinical features of HIV/AIDS at presentation at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Niger J Med 17 :83–87.
-
10
Lavy V, 2007. Presenting symptoms and signs in children referred for palliative care in Malawi. Palliat Med 21 :333–339.
-
11
Ferrand RA, Luethy R, Bwakura F, Mujuru H, Miller RF, Corbett EL, 2007. HIV infection presenting in older children and adolescents: a case series from Harare, Zimbabwe. Clin Infect Dis 44 :874–878.
-
12
Weber R, Ledergerber B, Zbinden R, Altwegg M, Pfyffer GE, Spycher MA, Briner J, Kaiser L, Opravil M, Meyenberger C, Flepp M, 1999. Enteric infections and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: prospective community-based cohort study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 159 :1473–1480.
-
13
Lindan CP, Allen S, Serufilira A, Lifson AR, Van de Perre P, Chen-Rundle A, Batungwanayo J, Nsengumuremyi F, Bogaerts J, Hulley S, 1992. Predictors of mortality among HIV-infected women in Kigali, Rwanda. Ann Intern Med 116 :320–328.
-
14
Maggi P, Larocca AM, Quarto M, Serio G, Brandonisio O, Angarano G, Pastore G, 2000. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 19 :213–217.
-
15
Carr A, Marriott D, Field A, Vasak E, Cooper DA, 1998. Treatment of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis with combination antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 351 :256–261.
-
16
Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, Schechter M, Boulle A, Miotti P, Wood R, Laurent C, Sprinz E, Seyler C, Bangsberg DR, Balestre E, Sterne JA, May M, Egger M; Antiretriviral Therapy in Lower Incomes Countries (ART-LINC) Collaboration; ART Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) groups, 2006. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet 367 :817–824.
-
17
Ferradini L, Jeannin A, Pinoges L, Izopet J, Odhiambo D, Mankhambo L, Karungi G, Szumilin E, Balandine S, Fedida G, Carrieri MP, Spire B, Ford N, Tassie JM, Guerin PJ, Brasher C, 2006. Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment. Lancet 367 :1335–1342.
-
18
Lawn SD, Myer L, Orrell C, Bekker LG, Wood R, 2005. Early mortality among adults accessing a community-based antiretroviral service in South Africa: implications for programme design. AIDS 19 :2141–2148.
-
19
Lawn SD, Harries AD, Anglaret X, Myer L, Wood R, 2008. Early mortality among adults accessing antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS 22 :1897–1908.
-
20
Coetzee D, Hildebrand K, Boulle A, Maartens G, Louis F, Labatala V, Reuter H, Ntwana N, Goemaere E, 2004. Outcomes after two years of providing antiretroviral treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa. AIDS 18 :887–895.
-
21
Etard JF, Ndiaye I, Thierry-Mieg M, Gueye NF, Gueye PM, Laniece I, Dieng AB, Diouf A, Laurent C, Mboup S, Sow PS, Delaporte E, 2006. Mortality and causes of death in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a 7-year cohort study. AIDS 20 :1181–1189.
-
22
Jerene D, Endale A, Hailu Y, Lindtjorn B, 2006. Predictors of early death in a cohort of Ethiopian patients treated with HAART. BMC Infect Dis 6 :136.
-
23
Brantley RK, Williams KR, Silva TM, Sistrom M, Thielman NM, Ward H, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, 2003. AIDS-associated diarrhea and wasting in northeast Brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum. Braz J Infect Dis 7 :16–22.
-
24
Bushen OY, Davenport JA, Lima AB, Piscitelli SC, Uzgiris AJ, Silva TM, Leite R, Kosek M, Dillingham RA, Girao A, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, 2004. Diarrhea and reduced levels of antiretroviral drugs: improvement with glutamine or alanyl-glutamine in a randomized controlled trial in northeast Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 38 :1764–1770.
-
25
Pinheiro VG, Ramos LM, Monteiro HS, Barroso EC, Bushen OY, Facanha MC, Peloquin CA, Guerrant RL, Lima AA, 2006. Intestinal permeability and malabsorption of rifampin and isoniazid in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 10 :374–379.
-
26
Macnab KA, Gill MJ, Sutherland LR, De Boer Visser N, Church D, 1993. Erratic zidovudine bioavailability in HIV seropositive patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 31 :421–428.
-
27
Murphy B, Taylor C, Crane R, Okong P, Bjarnason I, 1999. Comparison of intestinal function in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients in Kampala and London. Scand J Gastroenterol 34 :491–495.
-
28
Gurumurthy P, Ramachandran G, Kumar A, Rajasekaran S, Padmapriyaarsini C, Swaminathan S, Venkatesan P, Sekar L, Kumar S, Krishnarajasekhar OR, Paramesh P, 2004. Malabsorption of rifampin and isoniazid in HIV-infected patients with and without tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 38 :280–283.
-
29
Paton NI, Sangeetha S, Earnest A, Bellamy R, 2006. The impact of malnutrition on survival and the CD4 count response in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 7 :323–330.
-
30
Severe P, Leger P, Charles M, Noel F, Bonhomme G, Bois G, George E, Kenel-Pierre S, Wright PF, Gulick R, Johnson WD Jr, Pane JW, Fitzgerald DW, 2005. Antiretroviral therapy in a thousand patients with AIDS in Haiti. N Engl J Med 353 :2325–2334.
-
31
Tang AM, Forrester J, Spiegelman D, Knox TA, Tchetgen E, Gorbach SL, 2002. Weight loss and survival in HIV-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31 :230–236.
-
32
DeHovitz JA, Pape JW, Boncy M, Johnson WD Jr, 1986. Clinical manifestations and therapy of Isospora belli infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 315 :87–90.
-
33
Verdier RI, Fitzgerald DW, Johnson WD Jr, Pape JW, 2000. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with ciprofloxacin for treatment and prophylaxis of Isospora belli and Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in HIV-infected patients. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 132 :885–888.
-
34
Pape JW, Liautaud B, Thomas F, Mathurin JR, St Amand MM, Boncy M, Pean V, Pamphile M, Larouche AC, Johnson WD Jr, 1983. Characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. N Engl J Med 309 :945–950.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 867 | 813 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 241 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 57 | 10 | 2 |