Stensvold CR, Suresh GK, Tan KSW, Thompson RCA, Traub RJ, Viscogliosi E, Yoshikawa H, Clark CG, 2007. Terminology for Blastocystis subtypesāa consensus. Trends Parasitol 23 :93ā96.
Stensvold CR, Alfellani MA, NĆørskov-Lauritsen S, Prip K, Maddox C, Nielsen HV, Clark CG, 2009. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from synanthropic and zoo animals and identification of a new subtype. Int J Parasitol 39 :473ā479.
Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Smith HV, 2009. Pursuing the clinical impact of Blastocystisādiagnostic limitations. Trends Parasitol 25 :23ā29.
Clark CG, 2000. Cryptic genetic variation in parasitic protozoa. J Med Microbiol 49 :489ā491.
Amin OM, 2000. Seasonal prevalence of intestinal parasites in the United States during 2000. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :799ā803.
Noor Azian MY, San YM, Gan CC, Yusri MY, Nurulsyamzawaty Y, Zuhaizam AH, Maslawaty MH, Norparina I, Vythilingam I, 2007. Prevalence of intestinal protozoa in an aborigine community in Pahang, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 24 :55ā62.
Stensvold CR, Arendrup MC, MĆølbak K, Nielsen HV, 2007. The prevalence of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with suspected enteroparasitic disease in a metropolitan area in Denmark. Clin Microbiol Infect 13 :839ā842.
Suresh K, Ng GC, Ramachandran NP, Ho LC, Yap EH, Singh M, 1993. In vitro encystment and experimental infections of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 79 :456ā460.
Moe KT, Singh M, Howe J, Ho LC, Tan SW, Chen XQ, Ng GC, Yap EH, 1997. Experimental Blastocystis hominis infection in laboratory mice. Parasitol Res 83 :319ā325.
Hussein EM, Hussein AM, Eida MM, Atwa MM, 2008. Pathophysiological variability of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis Egyptian isolates in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Res 102 :853ā860.
Leelayoova S, Rangsin R, Taamasri P, Naaglor T, Thathaisong U, Mungthin M, 2004. Evidence of waterborne transmission of Blastocystis hominis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :658ā662.
Suresh K, Smith HV, Tan TC, 2005. Viable Blastocystis cysts in Scottish and Malaysian sewage samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 :5619ā5620.
Mehlhorn H, 1988. Blastocystis hominis, Brumpt 1912: are there different stages or species? Parasitol Res 74 :393ā395.
Stenzel DJ, Boreham PFL, 1991. A cyst-like stage of Blastocystis hominis. Int J Parasitol 21 :613ā615.
Zaman V, Howe J, Ng M, 1995. Ultrastructure of Blastocystis hominis cysts. Parasitol Res 81 :465ā469.
Zaman V, 1996. The diagnosis of Blastocystis hominis cysts in human feces. J Infect 33 :15ā16.
Suresh K, Smith H, 2004. Comparison of methods for detecting Blastocystis hominis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23 :509ā511.
Yoshikawa H, Yoshida K, Nakajima A, Yamanari K, Iwatani S, Kimata I, 2004. Fecal-oral transmission of the cyst form of Blastocystis hominis in rats. Parasitol Res 94 :391ā396.
Zaman V, Howe J, Ng M, 1997. Variation in the cyst morphology of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 83 :306ā308.
Stenzel DJ, Lee MG, Boreham PFL, 1997. Morphological differences in Blastocystis cystsāan indication of different species? Parasitol Res 83 :452ā457.
Moe KT, Singh M, Howe J, Ho LC, Tan SW, Chen XQ, Yap EH, 1999. Development of Blastocystis hominis cysts into vacuolar forms in vitro. Parasitol Res 85 :103ā108.
Jones WR, 1946. The experimental infection of rats with Entamoeba histolytica; with a method for evaluating the anti-amoebic properties of new compounds. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 40 :130ā140.
Stensvold R, Brillowska-Dabrowska A, Nielsen HV, Arendrup MC, 2006. Detection of Blastocystis hominis in unpreserved stool specimens by using polymerase chain reaction. J Parasitol 92 :1081ā1087.
Stensvold CR, Arendrup MC, Jespersgaard C, MĆølbak K, Nielsen HV, 2007. Detecting Blastocystis using parasitologic and DNA-based methods: a comparative study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 59 :303ā307.
Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF, 1981. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22 :594ā596.
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41 :95ā98.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 2004. MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5 :150ā163.
NoeĢl C, Dufernez F, Gerbod D, Edcomb VP, Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Ho LC, Singh M, Wintjens R, Sogin ML, Capron M, Pierce R, Zenner L, Viscogliosi E, 2005. Molecular phylogenies of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts: implications for genetic diversity, identification of species and zoonosis. J Clin Microbiol 43 :348ā355.
Badsberg JH, 2001. A guide to CoCo. J Stat Softw 6. Available at: http://www.jstatsoft.org/v06/i04.
Vennilla GD, Suresh Kumar G, Khairul Anuar A, Rajah S, Saminathan R, Sivanandan S, Ramakrishnan K, 1999. Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 85 :162ā164.
Zaman V, Zaki M, Manzoor M, Howe J, Ng M, 1999. Postcystic development of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 85 :437ā440.
Stensvold CR, Arendrup MC, Nielsen HV, Bada A, Thorsen S, 2008. Symptomatic infection with Blastocystis sp. subtype 8 successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102 :271ā274.
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To determine the distribution of Blastocystis sp. subtypes from Blastocystis cyst excreters, 1,000 fecal samples from patients suspected of enteroparasitic disease were scored for stool consistency, submitted to xenic in vitro culture (XIVC), formol ethyl acetate concentration (FECT) with subsequent isopycnic centrifugation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subtype (ST) analysis. Blastocystis was significantly more prevalent in specimens from patients with travel-associated diarrhea (15.6%) than those with persistent diarrhea (8.3%) (P = 0.005). Overall, 115 (11.5%) and 35 (3.5%) specimens were positive by XIVC and FECT, respectively. Blastocystis cysts were detected in 33 (28.7%) of the XIVC-positive specimens. A positive FECT result was associated with ST3 (P = 0.05). The presence of Blastocystis in general or Blastocystis cysts was independent of stool consistency, and no particular ST was significantly associated with cyst identification. In view of these data, the present study indicates that Blastocystis cyst formation is independent of Blastocystis sp. subtype and gastrointestinal transit time.
Stensvold CR, Suresh GK, Tan KSW, Thompson RCA, Traub RJ, Viscogliosi E, Yoshikawa H, Clark CG, 2007. Terminology for Blastocystis subtypesāa consensus. Trends Parasitol 23 :93ā96.
Stensvold CR, Alfellani MA, NĆørskov-Lauritsen S, Prip K, Maddox C, Nielsen HV, Clark CG, 2009. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates from synanthropic and zoo animals and identification of a new subtype. Int J Parasitol 39 :473ā479.
Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Smith HV, 2009. Pursuing the clinical impact of Blastocystisādiagnostic limitations. Trends Parasitol 25 :23ā29.
Clark CG, 2000. Cryptic genetic variation in parasitic protozoa. J Med Microbiol 49 :489ā491.
Amin OM, 2000. Seasonal prevalence of intestinal parasites in the United States during 2000. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66 :799ā803.
Noor Azian MY, San YM, Gan CC, Yusri MY, Nurulsyamzawaty Y, Zuhaizam AH, Maslawaty MH, Norparina I, Vythilingam I, 2007. Prevalence of intestinal protozoa in an aborigine community in Pahang, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 24 :55ā62.
Stensvold CR, Arendrup MC, MĆølbak K, Nielsen HV, 2007. The prevalence of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with suspected enteroparasitic disease in a metropolitan area in Denmark. Clin Microbiol Infect 13 :839ā842.
Suresh K, Ng GC, Ramachandran NP, Ho LC, Yap EH, Singh M, 1993. In vitro encystment and experimental infections of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 79 :456ā460.
Moe KT, Singh M, Howe J, Ho LC, Tan SW, Chen XQ, Ng GC, Yap EH, 1997. Experimental Blastocystis hominis infection in laboratory mice. Parasitol Res 83 :319ā325.
Hussein EM, Hussein AM, Eida MM, Atwa MM, 2008. Pathophysiological variability of different genotypes of human Blastocystis hominis Egyptian isolates in experimentally infected rats. Parasitol Res 102 :853ā860.
Leelayoova S, Rangsin R, Taamasri P, Naaglor T, Thathaisong U, Mungthin M, 2004. Evidence of waterborne transmission of Blastocystis hominis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70 :658ā662.
Suresh K, Smith HV, Tan TC, 2005. Viable Blastocystis cysts in Scottish and Malaysian sewage samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 :5619ā5620.
Mehlhorn H, 1988. Blastocystis hominis, Brumpt 1912: are there different stages or species? Parasitol Res 74 :393ā395.
Stenzel DJ, Boreham PFL, 1991. A cyst-like stage of Blastocystis hominis. Int J Parasitol 21 :613ā615.
Zaman V, Howe J, Ng M, 1995. Ultrastructure of Blastocystis hominis cysts. Parasitol Res 81 :465ā469.
Zaman V, 1996. The diagnosis of Blastocystis hominis cysts in human feces. J Infect 33 :15ā16.
Suresh K, Smith H, 2004. Comparison of methods for detecting Blastocystis hominis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 23 :509ā511.
Yoshikawa H, Yoshida K, Nakajima A, Yamanari K, Iwatani S, Kimata I, 2004. Fecal-oral transmission of the cyst form of Blastocystis hominis in rats. Parasitol Res 94 :391ā396.
Zaman V, Howe J, Ng M, 1997. Variation in the cyst morphology of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 83 :306ā308.
Stenzel DJ, Lee MG, Boreham PFL, 1997. Morphological differences in Blastocystis cystsāan indication of different species? Parasitol Res 83 :452ā457.
Moe KT, Singh M, Howe J, Ho LC, Tan SW, Chen XQ, Yap EH, 1999. Development of Blastocystis hominis cysts into vacuolar forms in vitro. Parasitol Res 85 :103ā108.
Jones WR, 1946. The experimental infection of rats with Entamoeba histolytica; with a method for evaluating the anti-amoebic properties of new compounds. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 40 :130ā140.
Stensvold R, Brillowska-Dabrowska A, Nielsen HV, Arendrup MC, 2006. Detection of Blastocystis hominis in unpreserved stool specimens by using polymerase chain reaction. J Parasitol 92 :1081ā1087.
Stensvold CR, Arendrup MC, Jespersgaard C, MĆølbak K, Nielsen HV, 2007. Detecting Blastocystis using parasitologic and DNA-based methods: a comparative study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 59 :303ā307.
Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF, 1981. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22 :594ā596.
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41 :95ā98.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 2004. MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5 :150ā163.
NoeĢl C, Dufernez F, Gerbod D, Edcomb VP, Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Ho LC, Singh M, Wintjens R, Sogin ML, Capron M, Pierce R, Zenner L, Viscogliosi E, 2005. Molecular phylogenies of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts: implications for genetic diversity, identification of species and zoonosis. J Clin Microbiol 43 :348ā355.
Badsberg JH, 2001. A guide to CoCo. J Stat Softw 6. Available at: http://www.jstatsoft.org/v06/i04.
Vennilla GD, Suresh Kumar G, Khairul Anuar A, Rajah S, Saminathan R, Sivanandan S, Ramakrishnan K, 1999. Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 85 :162ā164.
Zaman V, Zaki M, Manzoor M, Howe J, Ng M, 1999. Postcystic development of Blastocystis hominis. Parasitol Res 85 :437ā440.
Stensvold CR, Arendrup MC, Nielsen HV, Bada A, Thorsen S, 2008. Symptomatic infection with Blastocystis sp. subtype 8 successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102 :271ā274.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 11 | 11 | 3 |
Full Text Views | 228 | 90 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 66 | 20 | 0 |