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1
World Health Organization, 2002. The World Health Report 2002. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
2
Sundar S, Mondal D, Rijal S, Bhattacharya S, Ghalib H, Kroeger A, Boelaert M, Desjeux P, Richter-Airijoki H, Harms G, 2008. Implementation research to support the initiative on the elimination of kala azar from Bangladesh, India and Nepal: the challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Trop Med Int Health 13 :2ā5.
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3
Desjeux P, 2004. Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 27 :305ā318.
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4
Minister of Health Nepal, 2007. The Internal Assesment of Malaria, Kalaazar Control Activites 2004, 2005, 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Health, Directorate of Health Service, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division.
-
5
World Health Organization, 1990. Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 793 :1ā158.
-
6
Olliaro PL, Guerin PJ, Gerstl S, Haaskjold AA, Rottingen JA, Sundar S, 2005. Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980ā2004. Lancet Infect Dis 5 :763ā774.
-
7
Sundar S, Murray HW, 2005. Availability of miltefosine for the treatment of kala-azar in India. Bull World Health Organ 83 :394ā395.
-
8
Pandey K, Pant S, Kanbara H, Shuaibu MN, Mallik AK, Pandey BD, Kaneko O, Yanagi T, 2008. Molecular detection of Leishmania parasites from whole bodies of sandflies collected in Nepal. Parasitol Res 103 :293ā297.
-
9
Karki P, Koirala S, Parija SC, Handsak SG, Das ML, 1998. A thirty day course of sodium stibogluconate for treatment of kala-azar in Nepal. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 29 :154ā158.
-
10
Rijal S, Chappuis F, Singh R, Bovier PA, Acharya P, Karki BM, Das ML, Desjeux P, Loutan L, Koirala S, 2003. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in south-eastern Nepal: decreasing efficacy of sodium stibogluconate and need for a policy to limit further decline. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 :350ā354.
-
11
Sundar S, 2001. Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Trop Med Int Health 6 :849ā854.
-
12
Seifert K, Matu S, Javier Perez-Victoria F, Castanys S, Gamarro F, Croft SL, 2003. Characterisation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes resistant to hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine). Int J Antimicrob Agents 22 :380ā387.
-
13
Troya J, Casquero A, Refoyo E, FernaĢndez-Guerrero ML, GoĢrgolas M, 2008. Long term failure of miltefosine in the treatment of refractory visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS patients. Scand J Infect Dis 40 :78ā80.
-
14
Sindermann H, Engel KR, Fischer C, Bommer W, 2004. Oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 39 :1520ā1523.
-
15
Perez-Victoria FJ, Gamarro F, Ouellette M, Castanys S, 2003. Functional cloning of the miltefosine transporter. A novel P-type phospholipid translocase from Leishmania involved in drug resistance. J Biol Chem 278 :49965ā49971.
-
16
Calvopina M, Gomez EA, Sindermann H, Cooper PJ, Hashiguchi Y, 2006. Relapse of new world diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana after miltefosine treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :1074ā1077.
-
17
Zerpa O, Ulrich M, Blanco B, Polegre M, Avila A, Matos N, Mendoza I, Pratlong F, Ravel C, Convit J, 2007. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis responds to miltefosine but then relapses. Br J Dermatol 156 :1328ā1335.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 31 | 31 | 9 |
| Full Text Views | 275 | 88 | 0 |
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Relapse of Visceral Leishmaniasis after Miltefosine Treatment in a Nepalese Patient
Basu Dev Pandey
Basu Dev Pandey
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Immunogenetics, Department of Protozoology, and Animal Research Center for Tropical Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kishor Pandey
Kishor Pandey
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Immunogenetics, Department of Protozoology, and Animal Research Center for Tropical Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Osamu Kaneko
Osamu Kaneko
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Immunogenetics, Department of Protozoology, and Animal Research Center for Tropical Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Tetsuo Yanagi
Tetsuo Yanagi
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Immunogenetics, Department of Protozoology, and Animal Research Center for Tropical Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kenji Hirayama
Kenji Hirayama
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Immunogenetics, Department of Protozoology, and Animal Research Center for Tropical Infections, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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We report the first case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) relapse in a healthy individual after complete miltefosine treatment. The patient attended hospital with a history of fever for 2 months, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and weight loss. The case was confirmed as VL by microscopical detection of Leishmania parasites in a bone marrow specimen and by a positive result for the immunochromatography-based test targeting the Leishmania donovani rK39 antibody. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for the Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle gene was positive, and subsequent sequencing of the PCR-amplified product confirmed that this case was a L. donovani infection. The patient was treated with miltefosine for 28 days, during which time the response was good, and the Leishman-Donovan body (LD body) was negative on discharge. Ten months later, however, this patient again developed high fever and splenomegaly, and LD bodies and rK39 antibody were positive, thus indicating a relapse of VL. The patient was subsequently treated with 1 mg/kg of amphotericin B for a total of 14 days and recovered completely.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
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-
1
World Health Organization, 2002. The World Health Report 2002. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
2
Sundar S, Mondal D, Rijal S, Bhattacharya S, Ghalib H, Kroeger A, Boelaert M, Desjeux P, Richter-Airijoki H, Harms G, 2008. Implementation research to support the initiative on the elimination of kala azar from Bangladesh, India and Nepal: the challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Trop Med Int Health 13 :2ā5.
-
3
Desjeux P, 2004. Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 27 :305ā318.
-
4
Minister of Health Nepal, 2007. The Internal Assesment of Malaria, Kalaazar Control Activites 2004, 2005, 2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Health, Directorate of Health Service, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division.
-
5
World Health Organization, 1990. Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 793 :1ā158.
-
6
Olliaro PL, Guerin PJ, Gerstl S, Haaskjold AA, Rottingen JA, Sundar S, 2005. Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980ā2004. Lancet Infect Dis 5 :763ā774.
-
7
Sundar S, Murray HW, 2005. Availability of miltefosine for the treatment of kala-azar in India. Bull World Health Organ 83 :394ā395.
-
8
Pandey K, Pant S, Kanbara H, Shuaibu MN, Mallik AK, Pandey BD, Kaneko O, Yanagi T, 2008. Molecular detection of Leishmania parasites from whole bodies of sandflies collected in Nepal. Parasitol Res 103 :293ā297.
-
9
Karki P, Koirala S, Parija SC, Handsak SG, Das ML, 1998. A thirty day course of sodium stibogluconate for treatment of kala-azar in Nepal. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 29 :154ā158.
-
10
Rijal S, Chappuis F, Singh R, Bovier PA, Acharya P, Karki BM, Das ML, Desjeux P, Loutan L, Koirala S, 2003. Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in south-eastern Nepal: decreasing efficacy of sodium stibogluconate and need for a policy to limit further decline. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 :350ā354.
-
11
Sundar S, 2001. Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Trop Med Int Health 6 :849ā854.
-
12
Seifert K, Matu S, Javier Perez-Victoria F, Castanys S, Gamarro F, Croft SL, 2003. Characterisation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes resistant to hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine). Int J Antimicrob Agents 22 :380ā387.
-
13
Troya J, Casquero A, Refoyo E, FernaĢndez-Guerrero ML, GoĢrgolas M, 2008. Long term failure of miltefosine in the treatment of refractory visceral leishmaniasis in AIDS patients. Scand J Infect Dis 40 :78ā80.
-
14
Sindermann H, Engel KR, Fischer C, Bommer W, 2004. Oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 39 :1520ā1523.
-
15
Perez-Victoria FJ, Gamarro F, Ouellette M, Castanys S, 2003. Functional cloning of the miltefosine transporter. A novel P-type phospholipid translocase from Leishmania involved in drug resistance. J Biol Chem 278 :49965ā49971.
-
16
Calvopina M, Gomez EA, Sindermann H, Cooper PJ, Hashiguchi Y, 2006. Relapse of new world diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana after miltefosine treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :1074ā1077.
-
17
Zerpa O, Ulrich M, Blanco B, Polegre M, Avila A, Matos N, Mendoza I, Pratlong F, Ravel C, Convit J, 2007. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis responds to miltefosine but then relapses. Br J Dermatol 156 :1328ā1335.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 31 | 31 | 9 |
| Full Text Views | 275 | 88 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 86 | 18 | 0 |