Author:
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1
Carvalho EM, Bacellar O, Barral A, Badaro R, Johnson WD Jr, 1989. Antigen-specific immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis is cell mediated. J Clin Invest 83 :860ā864.
-
2
Khalil EAG, Ayed NB, Musa AM, Ibrahim ME, Mukhtar MM, Zijlstra EE, Elhassan IM, Smith PG, Kieny PM, Ghalib HW, Zicker F, Modabber F, Elhassan AM, 2005. Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 140 :349ā353.
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3
Desjeux P, 1992. Human leishmaniasis: epidemiology and public health aspects. World Health Stat Q 45 :267ā275.
-
4
Sacks DL, Lal SL, Shrivastava SN, Blackwell JM, Neva FA, 1987. An analysis of T cell responsiveness in Indian Kala-azar. J Immunol 138 :908ā913.
-
5
Zijlstra EE, El-Hassan AM, Ismail A, Ghalib HW, 1994. Endemic Kalaazar in eastern Sudan: a longitudinal study of the incidence of clinical and subclinical infection and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :826ā836.
-
6
Antunes CM, Mayrink W, Magalhaes PA, Costa CA, Melo MN, Dias M, Michalick MS, Williams P, Lima AO, Vieira JB, 1986. Controlled field trials of a vaccine against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Epidemiol 15 :572ā580.
-
7
Khalil EA, El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Mukhtar MM, Ghalib HW, Musa B, Ibrahim ME, Kamil AA, Elsheikh M, Babiker A, Modabber F, 2000. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan. Lancet 356 :1565ā1569.
-
8
Momeni AZ, Jalayer T, Emamjomeh M, Khamesipour A, Zicker F, Labaf-Ghasemi R, 1999. A randomized double-blind, controlled trial of killed L. major vaccine plus BCG against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Vaccine 17 :466ā472.
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9
Zhou XH, Obuchowski NA, McClish DK, 2002. Statistical Methods in Diagnostic Medicine. New York: Wiley & Sons.
-
10
Sokal JE, 1975. Editorial: Measurement of delayed skin-test responses. N Engl J Med 293 :501ā502.
-
11
Manson-Bahr PEC, 1961. Immunity in kala-azar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 55 :550ā555.
-
12
el Safi S, Hamid N, Ahmad-Haleem OA, Hammad A, Kareem HG, Boelaert M, 2004. Infection rates with Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a village in eastern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 9 :1305ā1311.
-
13
Bern C, Amann J, Haque R, Chowdhury AM, Kurkjian KM, Vaz L, Wagatsuma Y, Breiman RF, Secor WE, Maguire JH, 2006. Loss of leishmanin skin test antigen sensitivity and potency in a longitudinal study of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :744ā748.
-
14
Mol CJ, Koethe SM, 2006. QuantiFERON TB GOLD: an innovation in tuberculosis screening. Aaohn J 54 :245ā247.
-
15
Pai M, Joshi R, Dogra S, Mendiratta DK, Narang P, Dheda K, Kalantri S, 2006. Persistently elevated T cell interferon-gamma responses after treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in India: a preliminary report. J Occupat Med Toxicol 1 :7.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 23 | 23 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 205 | 70 | 0 |
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Evaluation of Leishmanin Skin Test in Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis
Kamlesh Gidwani
Kamlesh Gidwani
Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Madhukar Rai
Madhukar Rai
Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Jaya Chakravarty
Jaya Chakravarty
Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Marleen Boelaert
Marleen Boelaert
Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Shyam Sundar
Shyam Sundar
Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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We evaluated the performance of the leishmanin skin test (LST) in 50 patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), 124 cured VL patients at different time intervals, 125 healthy controls from an endemic region (HEC), and 14 healthy controls from a non-endemic region (NEHC). The leishmanin antigen used was based on Leishmania major and was obtained from the Pasteur Institute (Iran). A positive LST was found in 14.0% of patients with active VL, 40.3% of cured patients, 21.6% of HECs, and 0% in NEHCs. The 14% positivity in patients with active VL conflicts with the widely held opinion that such patients should be negative because of anergy. Also, a lack of sensitivity of the LST was observed in cured VL patients. An LST antigen produced from L. donovani strains from India should be explored.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Carvalho EM, Bacellar O, Barral A, Badaro R, Johnson WD Jr, 1989. Antigen-specific immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis is cell mediated. J Clin Invest 83 :860ā864.
-
2
Khalil EAG, Ayed NB, Musa AM, Ibrahim ME, Mukhtar MM, Zijlstra EE, Elhassan IM, Smith PG, Kieny PM, Ghalib HW, Zicker F, Modabber F, Elhassan AM, 2005. Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol 140 :349ā353.
-
3
Desjeux P, 1992. Human leishmaniasis: epidemiology and public health aspects. World Health Stat Q 45 :267ā275.
-
4
Sacks DL, Lal SL, Shrivastava SN, Blackwell JM, Neva FA, 1987. An analysis of T cell responsiveness in Indian Kala-azar. J Immunol 138 :908ā913.
-
5
Zijlstra EE, El-Hassan AM, Ismail A, Ghalib HW, 1994. Endemic Kalaazar in eastern Sudan: a longitudinal study of the incidence of clinical and subclinical infection and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :826ā836.
-
6
Antunes CM, Mayrink W, Magalhaes PA, Costa CA, Melo MN, Dias M, Michalick MS, Williams P, Lima AO, Vieira JB, 1986. Controlled field trials of a vaccine against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Epidemiol 15 :572ā580.
-
7
Khalil EA, El Hassan AM, Zijlstra EE, Mukhtar MM, Ghalib HW, Musa B, Ibrahim ME, Kamil AA, Elsheikh M, Babiker A, Modabber F, 2000. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan. Lancet 356 :1565ā1569.
-
8
Momeni AZ, Jalayer T, Emamjomeh M, Khamesipour A, Zicker F, Labaf-Ghasemi R, 1999. A randomized double-blind, controlled trial of killed L. major vaccine plus BCG against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Vaccine 17 :466ā472.
-
9
Zhou XH, Obuchowski NA, McClish DK, 2002. Statistical Methods in Diagnostic Medicine. New York: Wiley & Sons.
-
10
Sokal JE, 1975. Editorial: Measurement of delayed skin-test responses. N Engl J Med 293 :501ā502.
-
11
Manson-Bahr PEC, 1961. Immunity in kala-azar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 55 :550ā555.
-
12
el Safi S, Hamid N, Ahmad-Haleem OA, Hammad A, Kareem HG, Boelaert M, 2004. Infection rates with Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a village in eastern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 9 :1305ā1311.
-
13
Bern C, Amann J, Haque R, Chowdhury AM, Kurkjian KM, Vaz L, Wagatsuma Y, Breiman RF, Secor WE, Maguire JH, 2006. Loss of leishmanin skin test antigen sensitivity and potency in a longitudinal study of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75 :744ā748.
-
14
Mol CJ, Koethe SM, 2006. QuantiFERON TB GOLD: an innovation in tuberculosis screening. Aaohn J 54 :245ā247.
-
15
Pai M, Joshi R, Dogra S, Mendiratta DK, Narang P, Dheda K, Kalantri S, 2006. Persistently elevated T cell interferon-gamma responses after treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in India: a preliminary report. J Occupat Med Toxicol 1 :7.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 23 | 23 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 205 | 70 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 50 | 13 | 0 |