The Santa Lucia Strain of Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus Monkeys

William E. Collins Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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Joann S. Sullivan Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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Allison Williams Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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G. Gale Galland Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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Douglas Nace Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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Tyrone Williams Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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John W. Barnwell Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases, Animal Resources Branch and Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia

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The Santa Lucia strain of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in 150 Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, 30 A. azarae boliviensis, 103 A. nancymaae, and 121 A. vociferans monkeys. All four of these splenectomized hosts supported the production of gametocytes infective to Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. Transmission through sporozoites from An. freeborni, An. stephensi, An. maculatus, and An. albimanus mosquitoes was successful to all four species of Aotus on a total of 100 occasions with a median pre-patent period of 21 days. For the production of infective mosquitoes for vaccine challenge studies, A. l. griseimembra and A. vociferans were the most predictable hosts.

Author Notes

  • 1

    Collins WE, Galland GG, Sullivan JS, Morris CL, Richardson BB, Roberts JM, 1996. The Santa Lucia strain of Plasmodium falciparum as a model for vaccine studies. I. Development in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :372–379.

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  • 2

    Collins WE, Galland GG, Sullivan JS, Morris CL, Richardson BB, 1996. The Santa Lucia strain of Plasmodium falciparum as a model for vaccine studies. II. Development of Aotus vociferans as a model for testing transmission-blocking vaccines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54 :380–385.

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  • 3

    Collins WE, Sullivan JS, Williams A, Nace D, Williams T, Galland GG, Barnwell JW, 2006. Aotus nancymaae as a potential model for the testing of anti-sporozoite and liver stage vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :422–424.

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  • 4

    Collins WE, Warren McW, Skinner JC, Skinner JC, Chin W, Richardson BB, 1977. Studies on the Santa Lucia (El Salvador) strain of Plasmodium falciparum in Aotus trivirgatus monkeys. J Parasitol 63 :52–56.

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  • 5

    Collins WE, Warren McW, Skinner JC, Richardson BB, Kearse TS, 1977. Infectivity of the Santa Lucia (El Salvador) strain of Plasmodium falciparum to different anophelines. J Parasitol 63 :57–61.

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  • 6

    Warren McW, Collins WE, Richardson BB, Skinner JC, 1977. Morphological variants of Anopheles albimanus and susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 26 :607–611.

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  • 7

    Warren McW, Collins WE, Richardson BB, Skinner JC, 1979. Naturally occurring pupal phenotypes of Anopheles albimanus and their susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Mosq News 39 :472–477.

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  • 8

    Collins WE, Warren McW, Richardson BB, Skinner JC, 1979. Selected pupal phenotypes of Anopheles freeborni and their susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Mosq News 39 :466–472.

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  • 9

    Collins WE, Warren McW, Skinner JC, Richardson BB, Kearse TS, 1979. Effect of sequential infection with Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in the Aotus trivirgatus monkey. J Parasitol 65 :605–608.

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  • 10

    Collins WE, Skinner JC, Broderson JR, Huong AY, Mehaffey PC, Stanfill PS, Sutton BB, 1986. Infection of Aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with different strains of Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasitol 72 :525–530.

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  • 11

    Collins WE, Skinner JC, Broderson JR, Richardson BB, Ma NS-F, Stanfill PS, 1991. Infection of Aotus vociferans monkeys with different strains of Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasitol 77 :562–567.

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  • 12

    Earle WC, Perez ZM, 1932. Enumeration of parasites in blood of malarial patients. J Lab Clin Med 17 :1124–1130.

  • 13

    Collins WE, Galland GG, Sullivan JS, Morris CL, 1994. Selection of Aotus monkey models for testing Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage vaccines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :224–232.

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  • 14

    Collins WE, Sullivan JS, Galland GG, Williams A, Nace D, Williams T, Barnwell JW, 2005. Observations on the Vietnam Palo Alto strain of Plasmodium falciparum in two species of Aotus monkeys. J Parasitol 91 :461–462.

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  • 15

    Darko CA, Angov E, Collins WE, Bergmann-Leitner ES, Girouard AS, Hitt SL, McBride JS, Diggs CL, Holder AA, Long CA, Barnwell JW, Lyon JA, 2005. Clinical grade Plasmodium falciparum FVO MSP142 expressed by Eschericheria coli protects Aotus nancymai against homologous erythrocytic-stage challenge. Infect Immun 73 :287–297.

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  • 16

    Collins WE, Galland GG, Barnwell JW, Udhayakumar V, Sullivan JS, Nace D, Tongren E, Williams T, Roberts J, Shi YP, Lal AA, 2005. Preliminary observations on the efficacy of a recombinant multistage Plasmodium falciparum vaccine in Aotus nancymai monkeys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73 :686–693.

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