ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
World Health Organization, Global Malaria Programme. WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/docs/TreatmentGuidelines2006.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2008.
-
2
Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, 2005. White N and group., South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT). Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet 366 :717–725.
-
3
White NJ, 2007. Cardiotoxicity of antimalarial drugs. Lancet 7 :549–558.
-
4
Nosten F, ter Kuile FO, Luxemburger C, Woodrow C, Kyle DE, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, 1993. Cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine. Lancet 341 :1054–1056.
-
5
Sanguinetti MC, Jurkioewicz NK, 1990. Two components of cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current. Differential sensitivity to block by class III antiarrhythmic agents. J Gen Physiol 96 :195–215.
-
6
International Conference on Harmonization. The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Nonantiarrhythmic Drugs. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Available at: http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA1476.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2008.
-
7
Shah RR, 2005. Drugs, QTc interval prolongation and final ICH E14 guideline: an important milestone with challenges ahead. Drug Saf 28 :1009–1028.
-
8
Owens RC Jr, Nolin TD, 2006. Antimicrobial-associated QT interval prolongation: pointes of interest. Clin Infect Dis 43 :1603–1611.
-
9
Classen W, Altmann B, Gretener P, Souppart C, Skelton-Stroud P, Krinke G, 1999. Differential effects of orally versus parenterally administered qinghaosu derivative artemether in dogs. Exp Toxicol Pathol 51 :507–516.
-
10
Tran TH, Day NP, Nguyen HP, Nguyen TH, Tran TH, Pham PL, Dinh XS, Ly VC, Ha V, Waller D, Peto TE, White NJ, 1996. A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 335 :76–83.
-
11
Bazett HC, 1920. An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms. Heart 7 :353–370.
-
12
Fridericia LS, 1920. The duration of systole in the electrocardiogram of normal subjects and of patients with heart disease. Acta Med Scand 53 :469–486.
-
13
Sagie A, Larson MG, Goldberg RJ, Bengston JR, Levy D, 1992. An improved method for adjusting the QT interval for heart rate (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 70 :797–801.
-
14
Hodges M, Salerno D, Erlien D, 1983. Bazett’s QT correction reviewed: evidence that a linear QT correction for heart rate is better. Am J Coll Cardiol 1 :694.
-
15
Price R, van Vugt M, Phaipun L, Luxemburger C, Simpson J, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Kham A, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, Nosten F, 1999. Adverse effects in patients with acute falciparum malaria treated with artemisinin derivatives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :547–555.
-
16
Price R, Nosten F, White NJ, 1998. Prolongation of the QTc interval in African children treated for falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :503.
-
17
Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C, Bloise R, Ronchetti E, Grillo M, Vicentini A, Spazzolini C, Nastoli J, Bottelli G, Folli R, Cappelletti D, 2003. Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 348 :1866–1874.
-
18
van Vugt M, Ezzet F, Nosten F, Gathmann I, Wilairatna P, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 1999. No evidence of cardiotoxicity during antimalarial treatment with artemether-lumefantrine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :964–967.
-
19
White NJ, Looareesuwan S, Warrell DA, Warrell MJ, Bunnag D, Harinasuta T, 1982. Quinine pharmacokinetics and toxicity in cerebral and uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Am J Med 73 :564–572.
-
20
Brewer TG, Grate SJ, Peggins JO, Weina PJ, Petras JM, Levine BS, Heiffer MH, Schuster BG, 1994. Fatal neurotoxicity of arteether and artemether. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :251–259.
-
21
Brewer TG, Peggins JO, Grate SJ, Petras JM, Levine BS, Weina PJ, Swearengen J, Heiffer MH, Schuster BG, 1994. Neurotoxicity in animals due to arteether and artemether. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 (Suppl 1):S33–S36.
-
22
Makanga M, Premji Z, Falade C, Karbwang J, Mueller EA, Andriano K, Hunt P, De Palacios PI, 2006. Efficacy and safety of the six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine in pediatrics with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :991–998.
-
23
van Agtmael MA, Gupta V, van der Wosten TH, Rutten JP, van Boxtel CJ, 1999. Grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of artemether. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55 :405–410.
-
24
Kshirsagar NA, Gogtay NJ, Moorthy NS, Garg MR, Dalvi SS, Chogle AR, Sorabjee JS, Marathe SN, Tilve GH, Bhatt AD, Sane SP, Mull R, Gathmann I, 2000. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative safety, and efficacy trial of oral coartemether versus oral chloroquine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults in India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :402–408.
-
25
Karunajeewa H, Lim C, Hung TY, Ilett KF, Denis MB, Socheat D, Davis TM, 2004. Safetly evaluation of fixed combination piperaquine plus dihydroartemisinin (Artekin) in Cambodian children and adults with malaria. Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 :93–99.
-
26
Nontprasert A, Nosten-Bertrand M, Pukrittayakamee S, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 1998. Assessment of the neurotoxicity of parenteral artemisinin derivatives in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :519–522.
-
27
Nontprasert A, Pukrittayakamee S, Nosten-Bertrand M, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 2000. Studies of the neurotoxicity of oral artemisinin derivatives in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :409–412.
-
28
Zhao Y, 1985. Studies on systemic pharmacological effects of artesunate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88 :391–396.
-
29
Qichao Y, Weizhi S, Rei L, Jun G, 1982. The antimalarial and toxic effect of artesunate in animal models. J Tradit Chin Med 2 :99–103.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 564 | 521 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 269 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 49 | 4 | 0 |
Does Artesunate Prolong the Electrocardiograph QT Interval in Patients with Severe Malaria?
Richard J. Maude
Richard J. Maude
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Katherine Plewes
Katherine Plewes
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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M. Abul Faiz
M. Abul Faiz
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Josh Hanson
Josh Hanson
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Prakaykaew Charunwatthana
Prakaykaew Charunwatthana
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Sue J. Lee
Sue J. Lee
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Joel Tärning
Joel Tärning
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Emran Bin Yunus
Emran Bin Yunus
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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M. Gofranul Hoque
M. Gofranul Hoque
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Mahatab Uddin Hasan
Mahatab Uddin Hasan
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Amir Hossain
Amir Hossain
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Niklas Lindegardh
Niklas Lindegardh
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Nicholas P. J. Day
Nicholas P. J. Day
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Nicholas J. White
Nicholas J. White
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Arjen M. Dondorp
Arjen M. Dondorp
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Several antimalarials can cause significant prolongation of the electrocardiograph QT interval, which can be associated with an increased risk of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. High doses of artemether and artemotil have been associated with QT prolongation in dogs, raising the possibility of a class effect with the artemisinin derivatives. Serial electrocardiograms were recorded, and QTc interval was calculated before and after administration of artesunate by intravenous injection in patients with severe falciparum malaria in Bangladesh. Of 21 adult patients with severe malaria enrolled, 8 (38%) died. The mean QTc interval was unaffected by bolus intravenous artesunate (2.4 mg/kg). In two patients, the QTc interval exceeded 0.5 seconds, but in both cases, an alternative explanation was plausible. No effect was observed on the JTc or PR interval, QRS width, blood pressure, or heart rate. Intravenous artesunate does not have significant cardiovascular effects in patients with severe falciparum malaria.
Author Notes
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-
1
World Health Organization, Global Malaria Programme. WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/docs/TreatmentGuidelines2006.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2008.
-
2
Dondorp A, Nosten F, Stepniewska K, Day N, 2005. White N and group., South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT). Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet 366 :717–725.
-
3
White NJ, 2007. Cardiotoxicity of antimalarial drugs. Lancet 7 :549–558.
-
4
Nosten F, ter Kuile FO, Luxemburger C, Woodrow C, Kyle DE, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, 1993. Cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine. Lancet 341 :1054–1056.
-
5
Sanguinetti MC, Jurkioewicz NK, 1990. Two components of cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current. Differential sensitivity to block by class III antiarrhythmic agents. J Gen Physiol 96 :195–215.
-
6
International Conference on Harmonization. The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Nonantiarrhythmic Drugs. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Available at: http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA1476.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2008.
-
7
Shah RR, 2005. Drugs, QTc interval prolongation and final ICH E14 guideline: an important milestone with challenges ahead. Drug Saf 28 :1009–1028.
-
8
Owens RC Jr, Nolin TD, 2006. Antimicrobial-associated QT interval prolongation: pointes of interest. Clin Infect Dis 43 :1603–1611.
-
9
Classen W, Altmann B, Gretener P, Souppart C, Skelton-Stroud P, Krinke G, 1999. Differential effects of orally versus parenterally administered qinghaosu derivative artemether in dogs. Exp Toxicol Pathol 51 :507–516.
-
10
Tran TH, Day NP, Nguyen HP, Nguyen TH, Tran TH, Pham PL, Dinh XS, Ly VC, Ha V, Waller D, Peto TE, White NJ, 1996. A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 335 :76–83.
-
11
Bazett HC, 1920. An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms. Heart 7 :353–370.
-
12
Fridericia LS, 1920. The duration of systole in the electrocardiogram of normal subjects and of patients with heart disease. Acta Med Scand 53 :469–486.
-
13
Sagie A, Larson MG, Goldberg RJ, Bengston JR, Levy D, 1992. An improved method for adjusting the QT interval for heart rate (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 70 :797–801.
-
14
Hodges M, Salerno D, Erlien D, 1983. Bazett’s QT correction reviewed: evidence that a linear QT correction for heart rate is better. Am J Coll Cardiol 1 :694.
-
15
Price R, van Vugt M, Phaipun L, Luxemburger C, Simpson J, McGready R, ter Kuile F, Kham A, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, White NJ, Nosten F, 1999. Adverse effects in patients with acute falciparum malaria treated with artemisinin derivatives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60 :547–555.
-
16
Price R, Nosten F, White NJ, 1998. Prolongation of the QTc interval in African children treated for falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :503.
-
17
Priori SG, Schwartz PJ, Napolitano C, Bloise R, Ronchetti E, Grillo M, Vicentini A, Spazzolini C, Nastoli J, Bottelli G, Folli R, Cappelletti D, 2003. Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 348 :1866–1874.
-
18
van Vugt M, Ezzet F, Nosten F, Gathmann I, Wilairatna P, Looareesuwan S, White NJ, 1999. No evidence of cardiotoxicity during antimalarial treatment with artemether-lumefantrine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :964–967.
-
19
White NJ, Looareesuwan S, Warrell DA, Warrell MJ, Bunnag D, Harinasuta T, 1982. Quinine pharmacokinetics and toxicity in cerebral and uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Am J Med 73 :564–572.
-
20
Brewer TG, Grate SJ, Peggins JO, Weina PJ, Petras JM, Levine BS, Heiffer MH, Schuster BG, 1994. Fatal neurotoxicity of arteether and artemether. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51 :251–259.
-
21
Brewer TG, Peggins JO, Grate SJ, Petras JM, Levine BS, Weina PJ, Swearengen J, Heiffer MH, Schuster BG, 1994. Neurotoxicity in animals due to arteether and artemether. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 88 (Suppl 1):S33–S36.
-
22
Makanga M, Premji Z, Falade C, Karbwang J, Mueller EA, Andriano K, Hunt P, De Palacios PI, 2006. Efficacy and safety of the six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine in pediatrics with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 :991–998.
-
23
van Agtmael MA, Gupta V, van der Wosten TH, Rutten JP, van Boxtel CJ, 1999. Grapefruit juice increases the bioavailability of artemether. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55 :405–410.
-
24
Kshirsagar NA, Gogtay NJ, Moorthy NS, Garg MR, Dalvi SS, Chogle AR, Sorabjee JS, Marathe SN, Tilve GH, Bhatt AD, Sane SP, Mull R, Gathmann I, 2000. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, comparative safety, and efficacy trial of oral coartemether versus oral chloroquine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults in India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :402–408.
-
25
Karunajeewa H, Lim C, Hung TY, Ilett KF, Denis MB, Socheat D, Davis TM, 2004. Safetly evaluation of fixed combination piperaquine plus dihydroartemisinin (Artekin) in Cambodian children and adults with malaria. Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 :93–99.
-
26
Nontprasert A, Nosten-Bertrand M, Pukrittayakamee S, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 1998. Assessment of the neurotoxicity of parenteral artemisinin derivatives in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59 :519–522.
-
27
Nontprasert A, Pukrittayakamee S, Nosten-Bertrand M, Vanijanonta S, White NJ, 2000. Studies of the neurotoxicity of oral artemisinin derivatives in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62 :409–412.
-
28
Zhao Y, 1985. Studies on systemic pharmacological effects of artesunate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88 :391–396.
-
29
Qichao Y, Weizhi S, Rei L, Jun G, 1982. The antimalarial and toxic effect of artesunate in animal models. J Tradit Chin Med 2 :99–103.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 564 | 521 | 19 |
| Full Text Views | 269 | 4 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 49 | 4 | 0 |