ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM, 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3 :757–771.
-
2
McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2005. Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 18 :376–386.
-
3
Spichler A, Athanazio D, Buzzar M, Castro B, Chapolla E, Seguro A, Vinetz JM, 2007. Using death certificate reports to find severe leptospirosis cases, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :1559–1561.
-
4
Trevejo RT, Rigau-Perez JG, Ashford DA, McClure EM, Jarquin-Gonzalez C, Amador JJ, De Los Reyes JO, Gonzalez A, Zaki SR, Shieh W-J, McLean RG, Nasci RS, Weyant RS, Bolin CA, Bragg SL, Perkins BA, Spiegel RA, 1998. Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage–Nicaragua, 1995. J Infect Dis 178 :1457–1463.
-
5
Segura ER, Ganoza CA, Campos K, Ricaldi JN, Torres S, Silva H, Cespedes MJ, Matthias MA, Swancutt MA, Lopez Linan R, Gotuzzo E, Guerra H, Gilman RH, Vinetz JM, 2005. Clinical spectrum of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis in a region of endemicity, with quantification of leptospiral burden. Clin Infect Dis 40 :343–351.
-
6
Costa E, Costa YA, Lopes AA, Sacramento E, Bina JC, 2001. Severe forms of leptospirosis: clinical, demographic and environmental aspects. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 34 :261–267.
-
7
Spichler A, Athanazio D, Buzzar M, Castro B, Chapolla E, Seguro A, Vinetz J, 2007. Using death certificate reports to find severe leptospirosis cases, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 13 :1559–1561.
-
8
Dupont H, Dupont-Perdrizet D, Perie JL, Zehner-Hansen S, Jarrige B, Daijardin JB, 1997. Leptospirosis: prognostic factors associated with mortality. Clin Infect Dis 25 :720–724.
-
9
Ko AI, Galvao Reis M, Ribeiro Dourado CM, Johnson WD Jr, Riley LW, 1999. Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group. Lancet 354 :820–825.
-
10
Daher E, Trevisan Zanetta DM, Cavalcante MB, Abdulkader RCRM, 1999. Risk factors for death and changing patterns in leptospirosis acute renal failure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 :630–634.
-
11
Panaphut T, Domrongkitchaiporn S, Thinkamrop B, 2002. Prognostic factors of death in leptospirosis: a prospective cohort study in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Int J Infect Dis 6 :52–59.
-
12
Esen S, Sunbul M, Leblebicioglu H, Eroglu C, Turan D, 2004. Impact of clinical and laboratory findings on prognosis in leptospirosis. Swiss Med Wkly 134 :347–352.
-
13
Paganin F, Bourdin A, Dalban C, Courtin JP, Poubeau P, Borgherini G, Michault A, Sally JC, Tixier F, Genin R, Arvin-Berod C, 2007. Leptospirosis in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): analysis of factors associated with severity in 147 confirmed cases. Intensive Care Med 33 :1959–1966.
-
14
Vinetz JM, 2001. Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 14 :527–538.
-
15
Flannery B, Pereira MM, Velloso L de F, Carvalho C de C, De Codes LG, Orrico G de S, Dourado CMR, Riley LW, Reis MG, Ko AI, 2001. Referral pattern of leptospirosis cases during a large urban epidemic of dengue. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65 :657–663.
-
16
Pappachan MJ, Mathew S, Aravindan KP, Khader A, Bharghavan PV, Kareem MM, Tuteja U, Shukla J, Batra HV, 2004. Risk factors for mortality in patients with leptospirosis during an epidemic in northern Kerala. Natl Med J India 17 :240–242.
-
17
Tantitanawat S, Tanjatham S, 2003. Prognostic factors associated with severe leptospirosis. J Med Assoc Thai 86 :925–931.
-
18
Wagenaar JF, Goris MG, Sakundarno MS, Gasem MH, Mairuhu AT, de Kruif MD, Ten Cate H, Hartskeerl R, Brandjes DP, van Gorp EC, 2007. What role do coagulation disorders play in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis? Trop Med Int Health 12 :111–122.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Full Text Views | 249 | 118 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 56 | 25 | 2 |
Predictors of Lethality in Severe Leptospirosis in Urban Brazil
To ascertain prognostic factors associated with fatal outcomes in severe leptospirosis, a retrospective case-control study was done using population-based surveillance data. Centralized death certificate reporting of leptospirosis mortality was combined with details of patients’ hospitalizations, which were obtained from hospitals representing all sectors of São Paulo city. Among identified leptospirosis cases, 89 lethal cases and 281 survivor cases were analyzed. Predictors of death included age > 40 years, development of oliguria, platelet count < 70,000/μL, creatinine > 3 mg/dL, and pulmonary involvement. The latter was the strongest risk factor with an estimated odds ratio of 6.0 (95% confidence interval: 3.0–12.0). Serologic findings with highest titer against Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni did not show significant differences between survivors and non-survivors. Lung involvement was an important predictor of death in leptospirosis in São Paulo, of relevance in leptospirosis-endemic regions where this complication is common.